High performance of the generation,stabilization and manipulation of magnetic skyrmions prompts the application of topological multilayers in spintronic devices.Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets(SAF)have been co...High performance of the generation,stabilization and manipulation of magnetic skyrmions prompts the application of topological multilayers in spintronic devices.Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets(SAF)have been considered as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of ferromagnetic skyrmions,such as the skyrmion Hall effect and stray magnetic field.Here,by using the Lorentz transmission electron microscopy,the interconversion between the single domain,labyrinth domain and skyrmion state can be observed by the combined manipulation of electric current and magnetic field in a Hall balance(a SAF with the core structure of[Co/Pt]_(4)/NiO/[Co/Pt]_(4)showing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy).Furthermore,high-density room temperature skyrmions can be stabilized at zero field while the external stimulus is removed and the skyrmion density is tunable.The generation and manipulation method of skyrmions in Hall balance in this study opens up a promising way to engineer SAF-skyrmion-based memory devices.展开更多
China's efforts to mitigate air pollution from its large-scale coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)have involved the widespread use of air pollution control devices(APCDs).However,the operation of these devices relies o...China's efforts to mitigate air pollution from its large-scale coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)have involved the widespread use of air pollution control devices(APCDs).However,the operation of these devices relies on substantial electricity generated by CFPPs,resulting in indirect CO_(2) emissions.The extent of CO_(2)emissions caused by APCDs in China remains uncertain.Here,using a plant-level dataset,we quantified the CO_(2)emissions associated with electricity consumption by APCDs in China's CFPPs.Our findings reveal a significant rise in CO_(2)emissions attributed to APCDs,increasing from 1.48 Mt in 2000 to 51.7 Mt in 2020.Moreover,the contribution of APCDs to total CO_(2)emissions from coal-fired power generation escalated from 0.12%to 1.19%.Among the APCDs,desulfurization devices accounted for approximately 80%of the CO_(2)emissions,followed by dust removal and denitration devices.Scenario analysis indicates that the lifespan of CFPPs will profoundly impact future emissions,with Nei Mongol,Shanxi,and Shandong provinces projected to exhibit the highest emissions.Our study emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive assessment of environmental policies and provides valuable insights for the integrated management of air pollutants and carbon emissions in CFPPs.展开更多
基金supported by the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52088101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874408,52130103,51901025,and 11904025)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB33030100)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CAS Y201903)。
文摘High performance of the generation,stabilization and manipulation of magnetic skyrmions prompts the application of topological multilayers in spintronic devices.Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnets(SAF)have been considered as a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of ferromagnetic skyrmions,such as the skyrmion Hall effect and stray magnetic field.Here,by using the Lorentz transmission electron microscopy,the interconversion between the single domain,labyrinth domain and skyrmion state can be observed by the combined manipulation of electric current and magnetic field in a Hall balance(a SAF with the core structure of[Co/Pt]_(4)/NiO/[Co/Pt]_(4)showing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy).Furthermore,high-density room temperature skyrmions can be stabilized at zero field while the external stimulus is removed and the skyrmion density is tunable.The generation and manipulation method of skyrmions in Hall balance in this study opens up a promising way to engineer SAF-skyrmion-based memory devices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2022YFC3105304]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 72348001]the National Social Science Fund of China[grant number 22&ZD108].
文摘China's efforts to mitigate air pollution from its large-scale coal-fired power plants(CFPPs)have involved the widespread use of air pollution control devices(APCDs).However,the operation of these devices relies on substantial electricity generated by CFPPs,resulting in indirect CO_(2) emissions.The extent of CO_(2)emissions caused by APCDs in China remains uncertain.Here,using a plant-level dataset,we quantified the CO_(2)emissions associated with electricity consumption by APCDs in China's CFPPs.Our findings reveal a significant rise in CO_(2)emissions attributed to APCDs,increasing from 1.48 Mt in 2000 to 51.7 Mt in 2020.Moreover,the contribution of APCDs to total CO_(2)emissions from coal-fired power generation escalated from 0.12%to 1.19%.Among the APCDs,desulfurization devices accounted for approximately 80%of the CO_(2)emissions,followed by dust removal and denitration devices.Scenario analysis indicates that the lifespan of CFPPs will profoundly impact future emissions,with Nei Mongol,Shanxi,and Shandong provinces projected to exhibit the highest emissions.Our study emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive assessment of environmental policies and provides valuable insights for the integrated management of air pollutants and carbon emissions in CFPPs.
