An Integrated Hydrological Model for Water Balance Estimation in the Chirchik River Basin, Northern Uzbekistan

Accurate and detailed information of hydrological balance, and its dynamic nature is needed to develop strategies for sustainable use and management of water resources. In this concern, a fully integrated MIKE SHE model was developed to study the hydrological balance of the Chirchik River Basin, Uzbekistan. Parameters in the model were calibrated and simulated results were validated for the periods 2009-2011 and 2012-2013 in term of two observed hydrological parameters: streamflow rate and groundwater table. After the successful calibration of the parameters, the model produced quantitative results of the water cycle and provided better understanding of the surface and groundwater interactions. The results show that the hydrological balance is strongly dependent on the intensity of agricultural activity within the basin. An actual evapotranspiration was found as a main water loss element among the water transport components due to large-scale agricultural irrigation activities. This corresponds to 77% of the total water budget as an average. A satisfactory water balance simulation error was obtained after adjusting model parameters to basin environment.

Forecasting Groundwater Level in an Arid Area According to Climatic Data

Development of a prediction method on groundwater level in a river basin depending on climatic data is the purpose of this study. The bases of the prediction method are water balance calculation, transient filtering an interpolation method on climatic data developed by the authors. Development of a method for predicting groundwater level depending on precipitation, abstraction and so on was carried out using the simulation model MIKE SHE. In order to demonstrate the results of this study, topographic maps and the geographic information system (GIS) were used. The calibrated predictive values of the groundwater level were compared with actual data measured in observation wells. As a result, the values of the root-mean-squared error in the calculated points are less than 0.66.

Spatial Variation of Soil Depth and Shallow Slope Failures in Sangun Mountains, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan

Shallow slope failure is often induced by rainfall infiltration in a soil mantle overlying a less permeable bedrock. Soil depth is an important input parameter in slope stability analysis. This paper provides the spatial variation of soil depth and the occurrence of slope failure in Sangun mountains area. The spatial pattern of soil depth was simulated by proses based model using airborne laser survey data (LiDAR data) and Geographic Information System (GIS) function. As a function for soil production, we use in the study area a numerical model developed by Dietrich?et al.?(1995) to predict the local spatial variation of the depth of soil. The soil depth data measured at 20 locations that represent morphological variability are used as a sample data set to test the model results. Furthermore, the soil depth variations are compared to the slope failure distribution in the whole area. Slope failure locations in the study area are identified from interpretation of aerial photographs and field surveys. Fifty-five of slope failures are considered for slope failure hazard analysis. Therefore, the slope failures occur more frequently at soil depth intervals in the ranged from 1.01 m to 1.5 m.

Effects of Improving Durability of Concrete by AQUA CURTAIN Curing and Its Application m Development of the New Wet Curing Method

We report a wet curing system developed and made suitable for practical application to curing the interior and verticalconcrete surfaces of tunnel linings after the formwork has been removed. In this system, air is evacuated from the gap between the curing sheet and the concrete surface to create a close contact, and by supplying water to the space between the contacting surfaces, a water film is formed over the concrete surface. This enables the wet curing of vertical concrete surfaces and interior surfaces of tunnel linings after the formwork has been removed, a process that has to date been difficult. In this paper, the effects of wet curing on improving the durability of concrete are verified, and examples of the application of wet curing to actual structures are presented.

Numerical modeling of the failure process of the heterogeneous karst rock mass using the DDA-SPH method

The sanding process caused by karstification in dolomite creates a special sandy dolomite stratum,where the frequent catastrophic instability of the surrounding rock occurred during tunnel construction.In this study,the micro-origin and macro-performance of the sandy dolomite stratum are first discussed.Then,a numerical model based on the coupling method between the discontinuous deformation analysis and smoothed particle hydrodynamics is proposed to depict the heterogeneous dolomite formation with different sanding degrees.Following,the mechanical behaviors of the heterogeneous dolomite samples under uniaxial compression are studied after calibrating the numerical parameters with the two single materials sampled from the tunnel site respectively.Further,the instability disasters of the dolomite surrounding rock with different sanding degrees are reproduced,and the failure behaviors of tunnels are explained with respect to the stress distribution and plastic zone.The obtained results show that the rotation and dislocation of the remained dolomite block contribute to the unsmooth stress–strain curve and deterioration in uniaxial compressive strength.However,the block serves as the skeleton in the transmission of field stress in underground space,which improves the stability of the formation.