Objective: Mucin 1(MUC1/EMA) and sialyl Lewis X(sLe^(x)) indicate polarity reversal in invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) and to a...Objective: Mucin 1(MUC1/EMA) and sialyl Lewis X(sLe^(x)) indicate polarity reversal in invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) and to assess their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with IMPC.Methods: The expression of sLe^(x) and MUC1/EMA in 100 patients with IMPC and a control group of 89 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified(IDC-NOS) were analyzed with IHC. Fresh tumor tissues were collected from patients with IMPC or IDC-NOS for primary culture and immunofluorescence analysis.Results: The rate of nodal metastasis was higher in patients with IMPC than those with IDC-NOS, and IMPC cells tended to express more sLe^(x) and MUC1/EMA in the cytomembranes(the stroma-facing surfaces of the micropapillary clusters) than IDC-NOS cells. In IMPC, high cytomembrane expression of sLe^(x), but not MUC1/EMA, indicated poor prognosis. In addition, among the 100 patients with IMPC, 10 patients had sLe^(x)+/EMA-expression patterns, and 8 patients had sLe^(x)-/EMA+ expression patterns. The primary IMPC cells were suspended, non-adherent tumor cell clusters, whereas the primary IDC cells were adherent tumor cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) were co-expressed on the cytomembranes in IMPC cell clusters and in the cytoplasm in IDC-NOS cells.Conclusions: sLe^(x) can be used as a prognostic indicator and can be combined with MUC1/EMA as a complementary diagnostic indicator to avoid missed IMPC diagnosis.展开更多
Tumorigenesis involves metabolic reprogramming and abnormal lipid metabolism,which is manifested by increased endogenous fat mobilization,hypertriglyceridemia,and increased fatty acid synthesis.Fatty acid synthase(FAS...Tumorigenesis involves metabolic reprogramming and abnormal lipid metabolism,which is manifested by increased endogenous fat mobilization,hypertriglyceridemia,and increased fatty acid synthesis.Fatty acid synthase(FASN)is a key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids,and monoacylglycerol esterase(MGLL)is an important metabolic enzyme that converts triglycerides into free fatty acids.Both enzymes play an important role in lipid metabolism and are associated with tumor-related signaling pathways,the most common of which is the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway.They can also regulate the immune microenvironment,participate in epithelial–mesenchymal transition,and then regulate tumor invasion and metastasis.Current literature have shown that these two genes are abnormally expressed in many types of tumors and are highly correlated with tumor migration and invasion.This article introduces the structures and functions of FASN and MGLL,their relationship with abnormal lipid metabolism,and the mechanism of the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis and reviews the research progress of the relationship of FASN and MGLL with tumor invasion and metastasis.展开更多
Developing organic field-effect transistor(OFET)biosensors for customizable detection of biomarkers for many diseases would provide a low-cost and convenient tool for both biological studies and clinical diagnosis.In ...Developing organic field-effect transistor(OFET)biosensors for customizable detection of biomarkers for many diseases would provide a low-cost and convenient tool for both biological studies and clinical diagnosis.In this work,design principles of the OFET transducer for biosensors were derived to relate the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)to the device-performance parameters.Steep subthreshold swing(SS),proper threshold voltage(Vth),good-enough bias-stress stability,and mechanical durability are shown to be the key prerequisites for realizing OFET bio-sensors of high transconductance efficiency(gm/ID)for large SNR.Combining a low trap-density channel and a high-k/low-k gate dielectric layer,low-temperature(<100℃)solution-processed flexible OFETs can meet the performance requirements to maximize the gm/ID.An extended gate-structure OFET biosensor was further implemented for label-free detection of miR-21,achieving a detection limit below 10 pM with high selectivity at a low operation voltage(<1 V).展开更多
Dear Editor,Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)is the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway(oxPPP)that can generate cytosolic NADPH(Fig.1a)for biosynthesis and oxidative defence.Here,we r...Dear Editor,Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)is the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway(oxPPP)that can generate cytosolic NADPH(Fig.1a)for biosynthesis and oxidative defence.Here,we reveal a previously unidentified function of G6PD.It,even the natural G6PD deficiency-associated mutant without the activity to maintain the normal oxPPP,can antagonize the stresses by supporting the reductive glutamine metabolism and AMPK activation,independently of the NADPH generation by the oxPPP.展开更多
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81672637 and 81872164)。
文摘Objective: Mucin 1(MUC1/EMA) and sialyl Lewis X(sLe^(x)) indicate polarity reversal in invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) and to assess their diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with IMPC.Methods: The expression of sLe^(x) and MUC1/EMA in 100 patients with IMPC and a control group of 89 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified(IDC-NOS) were analyzed with IHC. Fresh tumor tissues were collected from patients with IMPC or IDC-NOS for primary culture and immunofluorescence analysis.Results: The rate of nodal metastasis was higher in patients with IMPC than those with IDC-NOS, and IMPC cells tended to express more sLe^(x) and MUC1/EMA in the cytomembranes(the stroma-facing surfaces of the micropapillary clusters) than IDC-NOS cells. In IMPC, high cytomembrane expression of sLe^(x), but not MUC1/EMA, indicated poor prognosis. In addition, among the 100 patients with IMPC, 10 patients had sLe^(x)+/EMA-expression patterns, and 8 patients had sLe^(x)-/EMA+ expression patterns. The primary IMPC cells were suspended, non-adherent tumor cell clusters, whereas the primary IDC cells were adherent tumor cells. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that MUC1/EMA and sLe^(x) were co-expressed on the cytomembranes in IMPC cell clusters and in the cytoplasm in IDC-NOS cells.Conclusions: sLe^(x) can be used as a prognostic indicator and can be combined with MUC1/EMA as a complementary diagnostic indicator to avoid missed IMPC diagnosis.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81672637 and 81872164).
文摘Tumorigenesis involves metabolic reprogramming and abnormal lipid metabolism,which is manifested by increased endogenous fat mobilization,hypertriglyceridemia,and increased fatty acid synthesis.Fatty acid synthase(FASN)is a key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids,and monoacylglycerol esterase(MGLL)is an important metabolic enzyme that converts triglycerides into free fatty acids.Both enzymes play an important role in lipid metabolism and are associated with tumor-related signaling pathways,the most common of which is the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway.They can also regulate the immune microenvironment,participate in epithelial–mesenchymal transition,and then regulate tumor invasion and metastasis.Current literature have shown that these two genes are abnormally expressed in many types of tumors and are highly correlated with tumor migration and invasion.This article introduces the structures and functions of FASN and MGLL,their relationship with abnormal lipid metabolism,and the mechanism of the regulation of tumor invasion and metastasis and reviews the research progress of the relationship of FASN and MGLL with tumor invasion and metastasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant (61334008,61804094,and 61974091)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars under Grant 61922057the Research Grants Council (RGC)of Hong Kong,China (Project No.C5015-15G).
文摘Developing organic field-effect transistor(OFET)biosensors for customizable detection of biomarkers for many diseases would provide a low-cost and convenient tool for both biological studies and clinical diagnosis.In this work,design principles of the OFET transducer for biosensors were derived to relate the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)to the device-performance parameters.Steep subthreshold swing(SS),proper threshold voltage(Vth),good-enough bias-stress stability,and mechanical durability are shown to be the key prerequisites for realizing OFET bio-sensors of high transconductance efficiency(gm/ID)for large SNR.Combining a low trap-density channel and a high-k/low-k gate dielectric layer,low-temperature(<100℃)solution-processed flexible OFETs can meet the performance requirements to maximize the gm/ID.An extended gate-structure OFET biosensor was further implemented for label-free detection of miR-21,achieving a detection limit below 10 pM with high selectivity at a low operation voltage(<1 V).
基金supporled in part by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81972567 and 81672762 to B.L.,81830087,U1602221 and 31771516 to C.C.81802671 and 81872414 to DJ.)Grant CIT&TCD20190333 from the Support Projectof High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five-year Plan,Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.18JCONJC79600)+1 种基金Project oflnnovative Research Team of Yunnan Province(2019HCO05)Yunnan Funda-mentall Pesearch Projects(12019FB112 and 202001A070018 to DJ).
文摘Dear Editor,Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)is the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway(oxPPP)that can generate cytosolic NADPH(Fig.1a)for biosynthesis and oxidative defence.Here,we reveal a previously unidentified function of G6PD.It,even the natural G6PD deficiency-associated mutant without the activity to maintain the normal oxPPP,can antagonize the stresses by supporting the reductive glutamine metabolism and AMPK activation,independently of the NADPH generation by the oxPPP.