Background: Staphylococcal infections are managed by hygiene measures and usage of antibiotics. The first-line treatment refers to beta-lactamins. However, the emergence of beta-lactamin resistant staphylococcal strai...Background: Staphylococcal infections are managed by hygiene measures and usage of antibiotics. The first-line treatment refers to beta-lactamins. However, the emergence of beta-lactamin resistant staphylococcal strains has been reported, as demonstrated by a study conducted in Lomé University Teaching Hospital, Bacteriology Laboratory (2001) on 742 Staphylococcus aureus strains which revealed 67.00% of them where methicillin resistant. In this setting of emergent methicillin-resistant strains, the second-line treatments are prescribed by clinicians without antibiograms. Fluoroquinolones are the first preference molecules used for second-line treatment because of their efficacy and affordability. We want to contribute to setting monitoring and alert-making tools for drug prescribers. Thus we conducted this study, aiming to determine the frequency of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) strains isolation in different types of biologic samples, and to investigate the link between methicillin resistance and ciprofloxacin resistance. Methods: We conducted this study from January 2006 through Jun 2010. The Microbiology Laboratory Service collected and analyzed samples for diagnostic purpose from inpatients and outpatients consulted in the hospital. We collected and analyzed de-identified data on these patients to form laboratory records. Bacteriological analyses in which ciprofloxacin have not been tested were excluded. Results: Over the 1108 staphylococal strains isolated from various biological samples processed, 751 were Staphylococcus aureus and 357 were coagulase-negative staphylococci. The strains sensitivity profile is for all isolates. The majority of germs were S. aureus and 20% of them were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The probability of a patient who has an infection caused by S. aureus increases his stay in high-risk settings such as intensive care unit, surgical intervention, extended hospitalization, use of a catheter. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the risk of multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusion: This study highlights the recurring issue of over consumption of antibiotics in nowadays medical treatments. There is a need to raise awareness about the rational use of antibiotics in general and fluoroquinolones particularly.展开更多
Background: The biological profile of HIV-positive patients is essential for diagnosing treatment failure and the prognosis of infection. We determined the virological and immunological profiles and biological anomali...Background: The biological profile of HIV-positive patients is essential for diagnosing treatment failure and the prognosis of infection. We determined the virological and immunological profiles and biological anomalies of HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bangui, Central Afri-can Republic. Methods: We conducted an analytical, descriptive study be-tween 4 April and 30 September 2017 of all patients who had received ART for more than 12 months and who attended the Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Institut Pasteur in Bangui for a complete biological work-up, including viral load. A blood sample was taken for quantification of RNA HIV-1, CD4 lymphocytes and blood count in two tubes containing ethylenediamine te-traacetic acid, and another sample was taken in a dry tube for measurement of creatinine and transaminases. Results: The total population comprised 1748 patients, with a mean age of 38.7 years (±14.3;median, 41 years;range, 2 - 79 years);33.3% of patients were between 40 and 49 years old. Females predo-minated (71.3%), for a sex ratio of 0.4. Immunological failure was observed in 20.2% of patients (CD4 Conclusion: The abnormalities observed in this study concerned the haematopoietic system, the liver and the kidneys. As other or-gans and systems may be affected, periodic multidisciplinary biological and clinical follow-up is necessary for people living with HIV in order to improve their management.展开更多
Background: The success of antiretroviral therapy requires better virological monitoring. We described the virological profile of patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV/AIDS in Bangui, Central Afri...Background: The success of antiretroviral therapy requires better virological monitoring. We described the virological profile of patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV/AIDS in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR). Methods: In this prospective cohort study of patients who had been on combined antiretroviral therapy treatment (cART) for at least 12 months in Bangui, only one HIV plasma viral load per patient was realized at the Institut Pasteur of Bangui, between April 4th and November 28th, 2017. Sociodemographic and biological data were collected. Blood samples were taken for viral load. The biocentric generic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load test was used to quantify a ribonucleic acid (RNA) HIV-1. Data were analyzed with Stata software version 14. Chi-squared test was used to analyse viral load according to sex and age. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 3569 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 40 years (median, 42 years;range, 1 - 84), patients aged 40 - 49 predominating (34.2%). The sex ratio was 0.4. No virus was detectable in plasma from 49.2% of patients, while 42.4% had virological failure (viral load, ≥1000 copies/mL) according to WHO criteria. The risk for virological failure decreased with age (P = 0.001) and was higher among females than males (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The rate of virological failure among patients on cART is very high in the CAR, despite the availability of and access to monitoring of HIV plasma viral load in Bangui. Therefore, adherence to treatment should be evaluated and reinforced in Bangui, CAR.展开更多
文摘Background: Staphylococcal infections are managed by hygiene measures and usage of antibiotics. The first-line treatment refers to beta-lactamins. However, the emergence of beta-lactamin resistant staphylococcal strains has been reported, as demonstrated by a study conducted in Lomé University Teaching Hospital, Bacteriology Laboratory (2001) on 742 Staphylococcus aureus strains which revealed 67.00% of them where methicillin resistant. In this setting of emergent methicillin-resistant strains, the second-line treatments are prescribed by clinicians without antibiograms. Fluoroquinolones are the first preference molecules used for second-line treatment because of their efficacy and affordability. We want to contribute to setting monitoring and alert-making tools for drug prescribers. Thus we conducted this study, aiming to determine the frequency of S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) strains isolation in different types of biologic samples, and to investigate the link between methicillin resistance and ciprofloxacin resistance. Methods: We conducted this study from January 2006 through Jun 2010. The Microbiology Laboratory Service collected and analyzed samples for diagnostic purpose from inpatients and outpatients consulted in the hospital. We collected and analyzed de-identified data on these patients to form laboratory records. Bacteriological analyses in which ciprofloxacin have not been tested were excluded. Results: Over the 1108 staphylococal strains isolated from various biological samples processed, 751 were Staphylococcus aureus and 357 were coagulase-negative staphylococci. The strains sensitivity profile is for all isolates. The majority of germs were S. aureus and 20% of them were ciprofloxacin-resistant. The probability of a patient who has an infection caused by S. aureus increases his stay in high-risk settings such as intensive care unit, surgical intervention, extended hospitalization, use of a catheter. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the risk of multidrug-resistant strains. Conclusion: This study highlights the recurring issue of over consumption of antibiotics in nowadays medical treatments. There is a need to raise awareness about the rational use of antibiotics in general and fluoroquinolones particularly.
文摘Background: The biological profile of HIV-positive patients is essential for diagnosing treatment failure and the prognosis of infection. We determined the virological and immunological profiles and biological anomalies of HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Bangui, Central Afri-can Republic. Methods: We conducted an analytical, descriptive study be-tween 4 April and 30 September 2017 of all patients who had received ART for more than 12 months and who attended the Medical Analysis Laboratory of the Institut Pasteur in Bangui for a complete biological work-up, including viral load. A blood sample was taken for quantification of RNA HIV-1, CD4 lymphocytes and blood count in two tubes containing ethylenediamine te-traacetic acid, and another sample was taken in a dry tube for measurement of creatinine and transaminases. Results: The total population comprised 1748 patients, with a mean age of 38.7 years (±14.3;median, 41 years;range, 2 - 79 years);33.3% of patients were between 40 and 49 years old. Females predo-minated (71.3%), for a sex ratio of 0.4. Immunological failure was observed in 20.2% of patients (CD4 Conclusion: The abnormalities observed in this study concerned the haematopoietic system, the liver and the kidneys. As other or-gans and systems may be affected, periodic multidisciplinary biological and clinical follow-up is necessary for people living with HIV in order to improve their management.
文摘Background: The success of antiretroviral therapy requires better virological monitoring. We described the virological profile of patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV/AIDS in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR). Methods: In this prospective cohort study of patients who had been on combined antiretroviral therapy treatment (cART) for at least 12 months in Bangui, only one HIV plasma viral load per patient was realized at the Institut Pasteur of Bangui, between April 4th and November 28th, 2017. Sociodemographic and biological data were collected. Blood samples were taken for viral load. The biocentric generic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load test was used to quantify a ribonucleic acid (RNA) HIV-1. Data were analyzed with Stata software version 14. Chi-squared test was used to analyse viral load according to sex and age. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 3569 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 40 years (median, 42 years;range, 1 - 84), patients aged 40 - 49 predominating (34.2%). The sex ratio was 0.4. No virus was detectable in plasma from 49.2% of patients, while 42.4% had virological failure (viral load, ≥1000 copies/mL) according to WHO criteria. The risk for virological failure decreased with age (P = 0.001) and was higher among females than males (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The rate of virological failure among patients on cART is very high in the CAR, despite the availability of and access to monitoring of HIV plasma viral load in Bangui. Therefore, adherence to treatment should be evaluated and reinforced in Bangui, CAR.
