Morphological characteristics of the striatal neural pathway by biotinylated dextran amine tracing in rats

Using neural pathway tracing and immunohistochemical technique, the striato-direct pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the rat lateral globus pallidus） and striato-indirect pathway （BDA3 kDa injected into the substantia nigra pars reticulata） neurons were specifically labeled, and then subjected to double-labeled immunohistochemistry for mu-OPIOID Receptor （specifically-labeled striatal patch compartment）, D1, and D2, respectively. The experimental findings showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the soma diameter and the number of primary dendrites between the striato-direct （substantia nigra pars reticularis） and indirect （globus pallidum externum） neurons labeled retrograde by BDA3 kDa. In addition, these two kinds of projection neurons revealed no obvious coexistence. This evidence indicates that as a highly sensitive neural pathway tracer, BDA could yield reliably and exquisitely detailed labeling of target neurons and synaptic structures. The variance of the morphologic structures and the localization of neurons were not statistically significant between the striato-substantia nigra pars reticularis and the globus pallidum externum projection neurons. Mesencephalic and thalamic neurons correlated with striatal neurons in morphology. Especially the latter which make typical excitatory synaptic contacts with striato-direct and -indirect neurons. Thus, this evidence suggests that thalamic neurons may extensively excite striatal neurons.

新辅助放化疗加直肠癌切除术后外科切缘的放射性损伤:吻合口漏的预判线索

背景:对于直肠癌切除术后吻合口状态及其对吻合口漏的影响,目前鲜有研究报道。本研究旨在分析新辅助放化疗+直肠前切除术后外科切缘可能受到的放射性损伤,以及其与吻合口漏发生的关系。方法:回顾性纳入2014-2015年间连续收治的161例直肠前切除手术患者,包括行新辅助放化疗、单纯新辅助化疗或未行术前新辅助治疗者。采用一种专门的组织病理学评分和黏膜下层微血管密度,来对手术切缘标本进行评估。采用倾向评分匹配方法来平衡基线资料。分析吻合口漏与组织病理学特征的相关性。结果:54例新辅助放化疗患者中13例术后发生吻合口漏,48例新辅助化疗患者中5例术后发生吻合口漏,而59例未行新辅助治疗的患者中有7例出现术后吻合口漏。倾向评分匹配后,新辅助放化疗、新辅助化疗和未行新辅助治疗三组患者近切缘组织病理评分中位数(范围)分别为3(0-8)、0(0-3)和0(0-2)(P<0.001),远切缘组织病理评分分别为4(2-9)、0(0-4)和0(0-3)(P<0.001);近切缘微血管密度平均数(标准差)分别为21.7(7.9)、27.2(8.6)和27.3(9.4)(P=0.003),远切缘微血管密度分别为18.1(9.3)、25.2(12.9)和24.9(7.4)(P<0.001)。在新辅助放化疗患者中,吻合口漏的发生与组织病理学评分增高(P=0.003)及微血管密度减少(P=0.004)密切相关。结论:新辅助放化疗后,直肠癌切除术的外科切缘存在一定程度的放射性损伤。近切缘放射性损伤越严重,吻合口漏发生概率越高。