Recent Progress and Prospects on Dendrite-free Engineerings for Aqueous Zinc Metal Anodes

Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries with mild aqueous electrolytes are one of the most promising systems for large-scale energy storage as a result of their inherent safety,low cost,environmental-friendliness,and acceptable energy density.However,zinc metal anodes always suffer from unwanted dendrite growth,leading to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle stability and during the repeated plating/stripping processes,which substantially restrict their further development and application.To solve these critical issues,a lot of research works have been dedicated to overcoming the drawbacks associated with zinc metal anodes.In this overview,the working mechanisms and existing issues of the zinc metal anodes are first briefly outlined.Moreover,we look into the ongoing processes of the different strategies for achieving highly stable and dendrite-free zinc metal anodes,including crystal engineering,structural engineering,coating engineering,electrolyte engineering,and separator engineering.Finally,some challenges being faced and prospects in this field are provided,together with guiding significant research directions in the future.

自上向下的合成策略:最大程度提高贵金属的原子利用率（英文）

因为贵金属的价格比较高,并且很多催化反应主要发生在载体和金属接触的周围原子,所以减少贵金属的粒径对于提高金属原子利用率是非常可取的.原子利用率的最高极限就是形成单原子催化活性中心,然而合成稳定的单原子金属催化剂是一个巨大的挑战,因为单原子金属极易聚合成较大的金属颗粒.尽管存在着很大的困难,合成稳定的单原子金属还是可能的.研究表明,单原子金属容易镶嵌在表面能量最高的活性位上,以降低金属和载体的总能量,使之达到最稳定状态.随着金属的负载量增加,以此单原子金属为"晶种"将形成金属纳米粒子.根据这一原理,我们通过简单热扩散方法在HMO表面把Ag纳米粒子"拆分"成单个的Ag原子,并稳定地镶嵌在由HMO四个氧形成的空穴上(HMO的孔道口),使体系的能量降到最低.我们通过原位X射线衍射(XRD)、扩展X射线吸收精细结构光谱(EXAFS)和电子显微镜照片(TEM)详细证明了这种自上而下的合成过程,并通过X射线吸收近边结构光谱(XANES)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、CO吸附实验等表征手段和理论计算说明了诱导这一过程的原因.首先我们合成了具有高比表面积的Hollandite型二氧化锰(HMO)纳米颗粒,并且在上面负载纳米银颗粒.TEM数据表明经过焙烧纳米银颗粒消失,形成单原子分散在HMO表面.原位XRD的结果表明随着焙烧温度的升高,银颗粒的衍射峰强度逐渐降低,最后消失,说明纳米银颗粒随着温度的升高逐渐减少,最后达到银高分散的状态.通过对Ag(111)衍射峰强度进行分析,我们发现当温度低于150 ℃时,Ag(111)衍射峰强度基本保持不变,说明银颗粒没有变化.当温度高于150 ℃时,Ag(111)衍射峰强度开始减小,并且减小的程度随温度的升高而变大.当温度高于260 ℃时,Ag(111)衍射峰消失.为了更好的研究这个过程,我们分别在150,200,350 ℃焙烧银颗粒的样品,并测试了它们的EXAFS谱.结果表明随着焙烧温度的升高,银和银之间配位数减小,意味着银颗粒的减小.350 ℃焙烧样品的EXAFS谱在银原子散射的0.28–0.30 nm范围内没有吸收峰,说明银原子在HMO表面高度分散.然后我们通过XANES谱和理论计算证明了银和载体表面晶格氧的相互作用导致银的前线轨道的电子重新发生排布,从而诱导了整个自上向下的合成过程.最后活性测试表明,单原子银催化剂在甲醛催化氧化中表现出最好的催化活性,并简单研究了单原子催化氧化甲醛的机理.因此这种合成策略有两个重要的作用:(1)增加催化活性位的数量;(2)单原子催化剂的合成有利于催化反应机理的研究,比如甲醛催化氧化.

High Strength and Ductility of a MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg Sandwiched Plate Produced by High-Pressure Torsion

Due to their unique precipitation behavior,magnesium-rare earth(Mg-RE)alloys exhibit excellent strength and high thermal stability.However,owing to the negative blocking effect of precipitation on dislocation slipping,the plasticity and ductility of Mg-RE alloys become deteriorate after aging treatment.In this work,a novel strategy to improve the combination of strength and ductility by designing a laminate heterostructured Mg alloy is proposed.High-pressure torsion(HPT)processing is employed to fabricate a clean and well-bonded interface between MgGdYAg and MgAg alloys.The two alloys have huge differences in precipitation hardening,and ductility is improved due to two facts.For one thing,the density of the second phases in the MgAg alloy is much lower than that of MgGdYAg alloy;for another,the non-basal〈c+a〉slipping is continuously activated during deformation.Through this mechanism,the uniform elongation of the heterostructured MgAg/MgGdYAg/MgAg alloy is improved to 7.1%.

Multi-functional engineered polypeptide-based drug delivery systems for improved cancer therapy

With the rapid development of chemical engineering and biotechnology,polypeptide,as a promising candidate in the biomedical field,has been thoroughly investigated and extensively used as the drug delivery vehicle for diseases treatment,especially cancer,owing to the high biocompatibility,good biodegradability,versatile con-structions,and diverse functions.Engineered polypeptide-based drug delivery system(so-called EPP-DDS)can deliver the cargos to the target site via a specific recognition effect,followed by overcoming the barriers like blood brain barrier(BBB)and releasing them by responding to the microenvironment cues,to improve the therapeutic efficacy and reduce the side-effect.Herein,it's of great importance to conclude and summarize the updates on EPP-DDS developed by chemical engineering methods.In this review,we first summarized the recent updates in the manufacturing of polypeptide and preparation of EPP-DDS based on green biochemical engineering and/or synthetic processes for cancer therapy,including chemotherapy,immunotherapy,photodynamic therapy(PDT),gene therapy,and combination therapy.Then,we surveyed the research progress of inflammation-mediated cancer treatment strategies based on EPP-DDS with high anti-inflammation activity.Finally,we concluded the discovery and green production process of engineered polypeptide,challenges,and perspectives of EPP-DDS.Overall,the EPP-DDS has great potential for cancer therapy in the clinic with improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effect,which needs the innovation of green biochemical engineering for customized design and production of polypeptides.

Exploring the Effect of Plasticity on the Phase Imaging of TM-AFM Through Molecular Dynamics Simulations

In the tapping-mode atomic force microscope(TM-AFM),the probe tip continuously taps the sample surface,which may cause plastic deformation of the sample and result in energy dissipation.The energy dissipation of the probe is closely related to the scanned phase image.To quantify the energy dissipation due to plastic indentations of the sample,this study utilized a combination of molecular dynamics(MD)simulations and experiments on single-crystal copper samples,including multiple nano-indentation tests.The energy dissipation of the probe due to the plastic deformation of the sample was calculated by integrating the hysteresis curve of the indentation depth versus the force applied to the indenter.The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.Both sets of results have demonstrated that the plastic energy dissipation decreases as the number of indentations increases,and eventually the energy of the probe tends to stabilize.This equilibrium energy dissipation is associated with other dissipation mechanisms.Furthermore,it was observed that,after hundreds of taps,the dissipated energy of plastic deformation could be ignored,implying that the scanned image may not reflect the plasticity information of the sample after multiple taps of the probe on the sample surface for scanning.

基于ABBV-075的新型溴结构域蛋白4(BRD4)小分子抑制剂的设计、合成及活性评价

为发现新型溴结构域蛋白4(BRD4)小分子抑制剂,基于ABBV-075,通过骨架跃迁,设计并合成4种不同母核,共16个化合物.优化了合成步骤中Suzuki偶联反应条件,并测试了化合物对BRD4的抑制活性.结果表明,N-(4-(2,4-二氟氧代苯基)-3-(4-氧代-4,5-二氢-3H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-2-基)苯基)乙磺酰胺(15o)的抑制率在10μmol/L达到了51%,IC _(50)=(16.39±1.20)μmol/L,具有明显的BRD4抑制活性.分子对接结果表明,15o可与Asn433和Asp381形成关键氢键,其与ABBV-075同源物的叠合图显示了二者结合模式的差异.阐明了化合物15o与ABBV-075活性差异的原因,为进一步发现高活性BRD4抑制剂提供设计思路.

Hybrid deep learning model for risk prediction of fracture in patients with diabetes and osteoporosis

The fracture risk of patients with diabetes is higher than those of patients without diabetes due to hyperglycemia,usage of diabetes drugs,changes in insulin levels,and excretion,and this risk begins as early as adolescence.Many factors including demographic data(such as age,height,weight,and gender),medical history(such as smoking,drinking,and menopause),and examination(such as bone mineral density,blood routine,and urine routine)may be related to bone metabolism in patients with diabetes.However,most of the existing methods are qualitative assessments and do not consider the interactions of the physiological factors of humans.In addition,the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis has not been further studied previously.In this paper,a hybrid model combining XGBoost with deep neural network is used to predict the fracture risk of patients with diabetes and osteoporosis,and investigate the effect of patients’physiological factors on fracture risk.A total of 147 raw input features are considered in our model.The presented model is compared with several benchmarks based on various metrics to prove its effectiveness.Moreover,the top 18 influencing factors of fracture risks of patients with diabetes are determined.

Safety, immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of heterologous boost with a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) in adult recipients of inactivated vaccines

Vaccines have proven effective in protecting populations against COVID-19,including the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine(Sf9 cells),the first approved recombinant protein vaccine in China.In this positive-controlled trial with 85 adult participants(Sf9 cells group:n=44;CoronaVac group:n=41),we evaluated the safety,immunogenicity,and protective effectiveness of a heterologous boost with the Sf9 cells vaccine in adults who had been vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine,and found a post-booster adverse events rate of 20.45%in the Sf9 cells group and 31.71%in the CoronaVac group(p=0.279),within 28 days after booster injection.Neither group reported any severe adverse events.Following the Sf9 cells vaccine booster,the geometric mean titer(GMT)of binding antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of prototype SARS-CoV-2 on day 28 post-booster was significantly higher than that induced by the CoronaVac vaccine booster(100,683.37 vs.9,451.69,p<0.001).In the Sf9 cells group,GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against pseudo SARS-CoV-2 viruses(prototype and diverse variants of concern[VOCs])increased by 22.23–75.93 folds from baseline to day 28 post-booster,while the CoronaVac group showed increases of only 3.29–10.70 folds.Similarly,neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 viruses(prototype and diverse VOCs)increased by 68.18–192.67 folds on day 14 post-booster compared with the baseline level,significantly greater than the CoronaVac group(19.67–37.67 folds).A more robust Th1 cellular response was observed with the Sf9 cells booster on day 14 post-booster(mean IFN-γ+spot-forming cells per 2×105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells:26.66 vs.13.59).Protective effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was approximately twice as high in the Sf9 cells group compared to the CoronaVac group(68.18%vs.36.59%,p=0.004).Our study findings support the high protective effectiveness of heterologous boosting with the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine(Sf9 cells)against symptomatic COVID-19 of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern,while causing no apparent safety concerns.