Regulating dissolution chemistry of nitrates in carbonate electrolyte for high-stable lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have received increasing attention due to the high energy density.However,the practical application of LMBs is limited due to the incompatibility of ester electrolytes.Transition metal(TM)nitrates have been reported as effective additives in ester electrolyte to improve the stability of lithium anode.Unfortunately,the nitrates are restricted to use due to their poor solubility.We find that the nitrates containing crystal water have high solubility in ester electrolytes.Considering that most TM nitrates contain crystal water and the crystal water can be used as a perfect solubilizer of nitrates,thus,the method is of universality and facile without introducing any solubilizing agent.Herein,In(NO_(3))_(3.6)H_(2)O is chosen as one typical case with increased solubility up to 0.2 M compared with In(NO_(3))_(3)which hardly dissolves in ester electrolyte.The additive promotes the rapid and stable formation of the solid electrolyte interface(SEI),which effectively inhibits the lithium dendrites formation.Moreover,the induced cathode electrolyte interface(CEI)maintains the structural stability of Li Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811).As a result,the electrochemical performance of Li|NCM811 cell is obviously improved.Our study provides a new idea for dissolving nitrates in ester electrolytes and discloses the synergistic function of TM-ions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance:current practice and future directions

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is among the leading causes of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide.Surveillance of individuals with cirrhosis or other conditions that confer a high risk of HCC development is essential for early detection and improved overall survival.Biannual ultrasonography with or without alpha-fetoprotein is widely recommended as the standard method for HCC surveillance,but it has limited sensitivity in early disease and may be inadequate in certain individuals.This review article will provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of HCC surveillance,including the rationale and indications for HCC surveillance,standard methods for HCC surveillance,and their strengths/limitations.Alternative surveillance methods such as the role of cross-sectional imaging,emerging circulating biomarkers,as well as the problem of under-utilization of HCC surveillance and surveillance-related harms will also be discussed in this review.