Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)is a promising candidate to replace crystalline silicon solar cells and dominate the photovoltaic market in the future.Alkali elements such as sodium(Na),potassium(K),rubidium(Rb),and Cesium(Cs)ar...Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)is a promising candidate to replace crystalline silicon solar cells and dominate the photovoltaic market in the future.Alkali elements such as sodium(Na),potassium(K),rubidium(Rb),and Cesium(Cs)are commonly accepted as indispensable parts to boost cell efficiencies of CIGS thin-film solar cells.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of alkali effects on the electronic and chemical properties of the CIGS layer as well as the underlying mechanisms is of paramount importance for achieving high-performance solar cells.This paper reviews the development process and incorporation pathways of alkalis and then overviews the roles of different alkali elements and their effects on CIGS cells in detail.Furthermore,the unsolved problems and future development prospects are also proposed.Overall,the understanding and development of widely adopted alkali-fluoride post-deposition treatments(PDTs)are still underway,and together with newly updated research,it will likely enable the CIGS technology to make the conversion efficiency closer to its theoretical limit.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11975135 and 61176003)financial support of Special Funds for Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2018 NTST29)the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650524)。
文摘Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(CIGS)is a promising candidate to replace crystalline silicon solar cells and dominate the photovoltaic market in the future.Alkali elements such as sodium(Na),potassium(K),rubidium(Rb),and Cesium(Cs)are commonly accepted as indispensable parts to boost cell efficiencies of CIGS thin-film solar cells.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of alkali effects on the electronic and chemical properties of the CIGS layer as well as the underlying mechanisms is of paramount importance for achieving high-performance solar cells.This paper reviews the development process and incorporation pathways of alkalis and then overviews the roles of different alkali elements and their effects on CIGS cells in detail.Furthermore,the unsolved problems and future development prospects are also proposed.Overall,the understanding and development of widely adopted alkali-fluoride post-deposition treatments(PDTs)are still underway,and together with newly updated research,it will likely enable the CIGS technology to make the conversion efficiency closer to its theoretical limit.
