Background: Most previous studies of reflux symptom prevalence are of small sample size. No reliable data concerning age-and sex-stratified prevalence are available. Methods: Among 65,363 adult participants in a publi...Background: Most previous studies of reflux symptom prevalence are of small sample size. No reliable data concerning age-and sex-stratified prevalence are available. Methods: Among 65,363 adult participants in a public health survey in Nord-Trondelag, Norway, 58,596 (90%) responded concerning occurrence and severity of heartburn or regurgitation during the past 12 months. The prevalence of minor, severe and any reflux symptoms was calculated, including stratification for age and sex. In order to examine whether the relative risk of reflux symptoms between sexes, in different age groups, was affected by other potential risk factors for reflux, confounding effects were tested using multivariate logistic regression. Odds ratios and their 95%confidence intervals were used to estimate relative risks. Results: Total prevalence of reflux symptoms was 31.4%, whereof 26.0%were minor symptoms and 5.4%severe symptoms. The prevalence of symptoms occurring at least weekly was 11.6%. Among women, the prevalence increased gradually from 22.1%in the youngest age category to 37.5%in the oldest, while among men it gradually increased from 25.8%in the youngest age group to peak at 36.0%between the ages of 50 and 60 years, after which it declined to 33.8%after age 70. A higher prevalence among women compared to men in the oldest age groups was not explained by confounding by body mass, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary factors, or physical exercise. Conclusions: About every third adult person suffered from reflux symptoms. The prevalence increases linearly with age among women, while among men it peaked between the age of 50 and 70 years and thereafter declined.展开更多
Objective: To assess the risk of skin cancer and other cancers among patients with atopic dermatitis. Design: Register- based retrospective cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Patients: A total of 15 666 hospitalized patie...Objective: To assess the risk of skin cancer and other cancers among patients with atopic dermatitis. Design: Register- based retrospective cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Patients: A total of 15 666 hospitalized patients identified in the national Inpatient Register as having discharge diagnoses of atopic dermatitis between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1999. Interventions: The National Swedish Cancer Register coded malignant neoplasms during the entire period of study. Follow- up time was calculated from the date of entry in the cohort until the occurrence of a first cancer diagnosis, emigration, death, or the end of the observation period, whichever occurred first. Main Outcome Measures: Follow- up by means of record linkages to several nationwide registers, among them the National Swedish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) (the ratios of numbers of observed patients with cancer to expected numbers of incident cases of cancer) estimated the risk of developing cancer relative to the risks in the age- , sex- , and calendar year- matched general Swedish population. Results: After excluding the first year of follow- up, the risk of developing any cancer was increased by 13% (95% confidence interval [CI] of SIR, 1.01- 1.25, based on 311 observed patients with cancer). Excess risks were observed for cancers of the esophagus (SIR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3- 7.7; 6 patients), pancreas (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0- 3.4; 11 patients), brain (SIR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1- 2.4; 27 patients), and lung (SIR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3- 2.8; 31 patients) and for lymphoma (SIR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4- 2.9; 29 patients). There was a nonsignificant 50% excess risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8- 2.6; 12 patients), seemingly confined to men and to the first 10 years of follow- up. Malignant melanoma did not occur more often than expected. Conclusions: The observed risk elevations, all of borderline statistical significance, should be interpreted cautiously. We could not control for possible confounding by cases of cancer caused by smoking, and the combination of multiple significance testing and few observed patients may have generated chance findings.展开更多
文摘Background: Most previous studies of reflux symptom prevalence are of small sample size. No reliable data concerning age-and sex-stratified prevalence are available. Methods: Among 65,363 adult participants in a public health survey in Nord-Trondelag, Norway, 58,596 (90%) responded concerning occurrence and severity of heartburn or regurgitation during the past 12 months. The prevalence of minor, severe and any reflux symptoms was calculated, including stratification for age and sex. In order to examine whether the relative risk of reflux symptoms between sexes, in different age groups, was affected by other potential risk factors for reflux, confounding effects were tested using multivariate logistic regression. Odds ratios and their 95%confidence intervals were used to estimate relative risks. Results: Total prevalence of reflux symptoms was 31.4%, whereof 26.0%were minor symptoms and 5.4%severe symptoms. The prevalence of symptoms occurring at least weekly was 11.6%. Among women, the prevalence increased gradually from 22.1%in the youngest age category to 37.5%in the oldest, while among men it gradually increased from 25.8%in the youngest age group to peak at 36.0%between the ages of 50 and 60 years, after which it declined to 33.8%after age 70. A higher prevalence among women compared to men in the oldest age groups was not explained by confounding by body mass, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary factors, or physical exercise. Conclusions: About every third adult person suffered from reflux symptoms. The prevalence increases linearly with age among women, while among men it peaked between the age of 50 and 70 years and thereafter declined.
文摘Objective: To assess the risk of skin cancer and other cancers among patients with atopic dermatitis. Design: Register- based retrospective cohort study. Setting: Sweden. Patients: A total of 15 666 hospitalized patients identified in the national Inpatient Register as having discharge diagnoses of atopic dermatitis between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1999. Interventions: The National Swedish Cancer Register coded malignant neoplasms during the entire period of study. Follow- up time was calculated from the date of entry in the cohort until the occurrence of a first cancer diagnosis, emigration, death, or the end of the observation period, whichever occurred first. Main Outcome Measures: Follow- up by means of record linkages to several nationwide registers, among them the National Swedish Cancer Register. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) (the ratios of numbers of observed patients with cancer to expected numbers of incident cases of cancer) estimated the risk of developing cancer relative to the risks in the age- , sex- , and calendar year- matched general Swedish population. Results: After excluding the first year of follow- up, the risk of developing any cancer was increased by 13% (95% confidence interval [CI] of SIR, 1.01- 1.25, based on 311 observed patients with cancer). Excess risks were observed for cancers of the esophagus (SIR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.3- 7.7; 6 patients), pancreas (SIR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0- 3.4; 11 patients), brain (SIR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1- 2.4; 27 patients), and lung (SIR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3- 2.8; 31 patients) and for lymphoma (SIR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4- 2.9; 29 patients). There was a nonsignificant 50% excess risk for nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8- 2.6; 12 patients), seemingly confined to men and to the first 10 years of follow- up. Malignant melanoma did not occur more often than expected. Conclusions: The observed risk elevations, all of borderline statistical significance, should be interpreted cautiously. We could not control for possible confounding by cases of cancer caused by smoking, and the combination of multiple significance testing and few observed patients may have generated chance findings.
