DNA barcoding of fishes from Zhoushan coastal waters using mitochondrial COI and 12S rRNA genes

Accurate species identification is a key component of biodiversity research.DNA barcoding is an effective molecular method used for fish species identification.We aimed to study the DNA barcoding of fish in Zhoushan coastal waters,explore the differences and applicability of two gene fragments(12S rRNA and COI)of DNA barcoding in fish species identification,and established a comprehensive fish barcoding reference database.Two hundred and eighty-seven captured fish samples from Zhoushan coastal waters were identified using morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding.A total of 26412S rRNA sequences(belonging to eight orders,31 families,55 genera,and 66 species)and 188 COI sequences(belonging to seven orders,30 families,48 genera,and 58 species)were obtained.The lengths of the 12S rRNA sequences ranged from 165 to 178 bp,and the guanine-cytosine(GC)content was 45.37%.The average 12S rRNA interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances(K2P)were 0.10%and 26.66%,respectively.The length of the COI sequence ranged 574–655 bp,and the content of GC was 45.97%.The average 12S rRNA interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances(K2P)were 0.16%and 27.45%,respectively.The minimum interspecific genetic distances of 12S rRNA and COI(1.23%and 1.86%)were both greater than their maximum intraspecific genetic distances(2.42%and 8.66%).Three molecular analyses(NJ tree,ABGD,and GMYC)were performed to accurately identify and delineate species.Clustering errors occurred when the 12S rRNA sequences were delimited using the NJ tree method,and the delimitation results of ABGD and GMYC are consistent with the final species identification results.Our results demonstrate that DNA barcoding based on 12S rRNA and COI can be used as an effective tool for fish species identification,and 12S rRNA has good application prospects in the environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding of marine fish.

科尔沁沙地风成细沙的物质组成特征及其对物源的指示

科尔沁沙地是中国北方面积最大的半固定沙地,追踪其物质来源对认识沙地/沙漠的形成演化和重建碎屑物质的迁移路径至关重要。为此,本研究对科尔沁沙地风成沙的细颗粒组分(<63μm和<11μm)进行了岩石学分析、元素地球化学分析、Sr-Nd同位素分析、TIMA自动化矿物识别以及碎屑锆石U-Pb测年分析,全面表征科尔沁沙地物质组成并对其物源进行定量约束。结果表明:科尔沁沙地经历了较低的化学风化,分选和再循环的程度较低。重矿物组合以钛铁矿、绿帘石、锆石、石榴子石、磁铁矿+赤褐铁矿为主,与地球化学母岩判别图解共同指示科尔沁沙地沉积物主要来自中酸性岩浆母岩。Sr-Nd同位素进一步约束主要源区为中亚造山带南缘和华北克拉通北缘,少量粉尘来源于中国北方边界沙漠。沙地的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在中生代至晚古生代(200~600 Ma)和古元古代(1 518~2 000 Ma、2 200~2 600 Ma)。与潜在源区锆石年龄谱的对比显示,科尔沁沙地细颗粒组分既有来自中亚造山带南缘大兴安岭经风力搬运和河流搬运而来的近源物质供给,也有经河流搬运自华北克拉通北缘燕山山脉出露的古老基岩。逆向蒙特卡罗模型的定量物源结果显示中亚造山带的贡献占53.7%、华北克拉通贡献占46.3%。风与河流的共同作用解释了科尔沁沙地风成沙细颗粒组分的形成。