天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅷ)——高黏多用的天然半乳甘露聚糖胶:瓜尔胶

瓜尔胶是从瓜尔豆种子胚乳中提取的一种天然半乳甘露聚糖胶。因瓜尔胶具有良好的水溶性、增稠性、胶凝性、成膜性等性质以及天然无毒、生物相容性良好、可生物降解的天然属性,且利用其分子结构中的羟基、糖苷键等活性官能团进行分子修饰、化学交联、接枝共聚、氧化等改性手段处理后能显著改善其理化性质、增强其功效性能,使得瓜尔胶及其改性产物被广泛应用于日用化工、造纸、食品加工、石油开采、生物医药、水处理等多个行业领域。本文浅述了瓜尔胶的名称、来源和结构及其性质、提取工艺和改性方法,同时介绍了瓜尔胶及其改性产物的应用情况,并提及了瓜尔胶及其改性产物当前面临的问题和今后的研发方向。

天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅶ)——支链异构阴离子多糖胶:黄芪胶

黄芪胶是从天然草本植物黄芪中提取的一种多糖类物质,因具有化学稳定性、非致畸性、非免疫原性、生物可降解性、生物相容性和天然无毒等特性,且利用其分子结构中的羟基、羧基、糖苷键等活性官能基团进行分子修饰、化学交联、接枝共聚等改性处理能明显改善其理化性质、增强其功能效用,使得黄芪胶及其改性产物在医药领域、食品加工、水处理、医用材料、日用化学品领域得到广泛应用。本文浅述了黄芪胶的来源、组成和结构,主要理化性质和功能作用,以及提取纯化技术和应用进展情况,并提及了黄芪胶及其改产物当前研究开发所面临的问题和发展趋势。

天然生物质材料的制备、性质与应用(Ⅸ)——易溶稳定的多功能天然多糖胶:葫芦巴胶

葫芦巴胶是从豆科植物葫芦巴胚乳中提取出的一种水溶性天然多糖胶。因葫芦巴胶具有良好的水溶性、持水性、增稠性、热稳定性和乳化力、成膜性等理化性能,以及降血糖、降血脂、抗氧化等药理作用,并可以通过物理、化学、共混和酶法等多种改性技术进一步改善其理化性质、提升其功效作用,使得葫芦巴胶在日用化工、食品加工、医药、采油等行业领域越来越受到重视。本文浅述了葫芦巴胶的来源、分子结构及其典型理化性质,并总结了葫芦巴胶的主要提取、纯化方法及常用改性技术,同时概述了葫芦巴胶及其改性产物的应用情况,并提及了当前葫芦巴胶开发所面临的主要问题及今后的研发方向和发展前景。

Preparation,properties and applications of natural biomass materials(Ⅻ)Multifunctional acidic heteropolysaccharide:pectin

Pectin is a kind of natural hydrophilic colloid with complicated composition and structure,which has been abundantly found in the cells of higher plants.Pectin has good water solubility,stability,gelling ability and emulsifying ability,as well as safety and non-toxicity,good biocompatibility,biodegradability,and many excellent biological activities such as lowering cholesterol,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,and lowering blood sugar.Moreover,both its physicochemical properties and functional performance can be further improved by physical,chemical and enzymatic treatments and compound modification upon the active functional groups,such as hydroxyl groups,carboxyl groups and glycosidic bonds.Therefore,pectin has been widely used in many fields,including food industry and pharmaceutical industry.Furthermore,great application potential has emerged in daily-use chemical industry,functional materials,and biodegradable biological materials.In this review,the source,chemical structure,main physicochemical properties and functional characteristics of pectin were briefly introduced.The extraction methods,separation and purification technologies,and modification methods for pectin were also systematically presented.In addition,the situation of application as well as the current problems for pectin and its modified products were summarized.Finally,some of the directions of future research and development of pectin were pointed out.