Prevalence of Obesity in Black Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes in Benin

Background: Abdominal obesity is often associated with type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of corpuscular and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetes in the two major cities in southern Benin. Methods: It was a multicentric, prospective, descriptive and analytical study that had as framework the center for screening and monitoring of diabetes “Banque d’insuline” of Cotonou, the Polyclinic Atinkanmey of Cotonou and the Internal Medicine Department of the Departmental University Hospital of Ouémé-Plateau in Porto-Novo. The study was a six-month period (March-August 2014). Results: We included a total of 400 type 2 diabetics. Women represented 66% of the study population with a sex ratio of 0.52. The mean age of patients was 55.6 ± 10.3 years with extremes of 28 and 87 years. The prevalence of corpuscular obesity (BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2) was 38.5% in our study population. For the gender, it was 48.5% in women and 19.1% in men with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity in our study population was 87.8%. Almost all of our diabetic women (99.2%) had abdominal obesity versus 65.4% in men (p = 0.0001). All the patients with type 2 diabetes having corpuscular obesity had also abdominal obesity. This abdominal obesity was observed in 80.1% of non-obese diabetic (p = 0.0001). On the contrary, the majority of patients with abdominal obesity (56.12%) had a BMI below 30 kg/m2. Conclusion: This study shows a high prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.8%) in our study population compared with the corpuscular obesity (38.5%). Hence, the importance of measuring waist circumference is more than BMI in diabetic patients.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetics in Benin

Background: Couple High Blood Pressure (HBP)-Diabetes is a morbid association and a public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the actual epidemiological profile of HBP in type 2 diabetic. Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical study was conducted at Banque d’insuline of Cotonou, Polyclinique Atinkanmey and CHUD-Ouémé-Plateau. The study took place over a period of 06 months from March 01 to August 30, 2014. The study included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus seen at consultation who agreed to participate in the study. Results: The survey involved 400 individuals. Among them, 34% were male and the sex ratio was 0.48. The mean age was 55.6 ± 10.3 years (range 28 - 87 years). The prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients was 70%. The risk factors significantly associated with HBP were age above 55 years (p = 0.000), abdominal obesity (p = 0.036), a diabetes duration above 10 years (p = 0.009). Complications significantly associated with HBP were stroke (p = 0.013) and diabetic foot (p = 0.044). Conclusion: HBP-type 2 Diabetes association is frequent in Benin.

Contribution of the Ambulatory Measure of Blood Pressure (AMBP) to the Detection of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Black African

This paper is to determine the contribution of the ambulatory measure of blood pressure (AMBP) to the detection of hypertension in type 2 diabetic black African in Benin. Hypertension can stay unknown in diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical study at “Banqued’ insuline” of Cotonou, Polyclinique Atinkanmey and CHUD-Ouémé-Plateau. The study took place over a period of 6 months from March 01 to August 30 2014. The study included patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes who agreed to participate in the study and who made ambulatory measure of blood pressure (AMBP). Statistical analysis was done by using the software Excel 2013 and SPSS versus 18.0. Results: Sixty six patients were included. Forty one (62.1%) among them were female;sex-ratio was 0.61. The mean of age was 48.9 ± 8.8 years with range from 30 to 68 years. The prevalence of masked hypertension in type 2 diabetics was 37.9% (25/66). Abdominal obesity was the significative factor related to masked high blood pressure (HBP) in the type 2 diabetics (p = 0.005). Among diabetic with masked hypertension, 14 (56%) had “no dipper” profile and 11 (44%) had “dipper” profile. Conclusion: The ambulatory measure of blood pressure (AMBP) may take an important place in the detection of Hypertension in black type 2 diabetic subjects.

Influence of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Metabolic Profile of People Living with HIV Followed at University Hospital, Cotonou, Benin

Introduction: Since the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the vital prognosis of people living with HIV (PLWHA) has improved significantly. However, the risk of metabolic complications is high, thus making the bed of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to compare the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities among PLWHA receiving ARVs to that observed in those who are not treated. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study (January to April 2010) at the PLWHA ambulatory care center of national university hospital (CNHU-Hubert K. Maga) in Cotonou, Bénin. We recruited 420 PLWHA (210 treated for at least 6 months and 210 untreated). We determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) defined by the criteria of NCEP-ATP III, and the prevalence of abnormal glucose and lipid, and lipodystrophy. Association between metabolic syndrome and ARVs used was analyzed by binomial regression. Confidence intervals were calculated at 95% and 5% alpha level. Results: The prevalence of MS was 16% (18% of patients treated vs. 13% of non-treated, p = 0.18). That of hyperglycemia was 18% (30% of patients treated vs. 6% of untreated;p < 0.001) and of diabetes 7% (12% of patients treated vs 2% of untreated;p < 0.0001). The total cholesterol prevalence was 29% (44% of treated vs 13% of untreated;p <0.02). That of lipodystrophy in 210 patients was 29% (lipoatrophy16%, lipohypertrophy 8%, mixed form 6%). Factors associated with metabolic syndrome were age, hypertension, diabetes (personal or family), BMI, exposure to stavudine (OR = 1.59 [1.02 to 2.47], p = 0.04) and indinavir booted with ritonavir (OR = 2.23 [1.11 to 4 46], p = 0.02). Conclusion: The metabolic abnormalities are more common in PLWHA treated with ARVs. Preventing these anomalies should be made to the initiation of antiretroviral therapy and during the therapeutic monitoring.