The Origins of the Arc-Shaped Langshan Uplift and Linhe Trench

In the northern part of the Ordos Basin, there is a 325 km long arc-shaped Langshan uplift and a 15 km-deep Linhe Trench in front of Langshan, which are rare geological phenomena for which origins no one has explained. This article comprehensively analyzes the research achievements over the past 40 years of geology, geomorphology, seismic exploration, paleogeography, and oil and gas exploration in the Ordos Basin and Langshan. It recognizes that the northern part of the Ordos Basin experienced a meteorite impact in the Late Cretaceous period. The impact pushed the block northwest ward, subducting after colliding with igneous rocks in the north. This sudden event formed a clear arc-shaped mountain zone in the north and a wedge-shaped trench in front of the mountain. The chaotic layers, prolonged and continuous faults, and numerous thrust layers in the Langshan, a negative anomaly area in the center of the northern Ordos, abnormal orientation of crystalline basement structures in the north of Ordos, Moho uplift, and distribution of meteorite fragments in the northwest of Langshan, all of these geological phenomena support the occurrence of the meteorite impact event, forming the arc-shaped Langshan and the Trench.

Enhanced stability of FA-based perovskite:Rare-earth metal compound EuBr_(2) doping

It is highly desirable to enhance the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)so that this class of photovoltaic cells can be effectively used for the commercialization purposes.In this contribution,attempts have been made to use the two-step sequential method to dope EuBr_(2)into FAMAPbI_(3)perovskite to promote the stability.It is shown that the device durability at 85℃in air with RH of 20%-40%is improved substantially,and simultaneously the champion device efficiency of 23.04%is achieved.The enhancement in stability is attributed to two points:(ⅰ)EuBr_(2)doping effectively inhibits the decomposition andα-δphase transition of perovskite under ambient environment,and(ⅱ)EuBr_(2)aggregates in the oxidized format of Eu(BrO_(3))_(3)at perovskite grain boundaries and surface,hampering humidity erosion and mitigates degradation through coordination with H_(2)O.

Policy Gradient Adaptive Dynamic Programming for Model-Free Multi-Objective Optimal Control

Dear Editor,In this letter,the multi-objective optimal control problem of nonlinear discrete-time systems is investigated.A data-driven policy gradient algorithm is proposed in which the action-state value function is used to evaluate the policy.In the policy improvement process,the policy gradient based method is employed.

Investigation on influence of drilling unloading on wellbore stability in clay shale formation

Wellbore collapse frequently happens in the clay shale formation.To maintain wellbore stability,appropriate mud pressure is a vital factor.When clay formation is opened,drilling unloading occurs,modifying rock structure and strength at the wall of borehole,which affects the selection of mud pressure.Currently,mechanism of drilling unloading is still poorly understood which in return will bring a concern to wellbore stability.Therefore,in this study,a combination of triaxial compressive test and ultrasonic wave test has been used to simulate drilling unloading and analyze its mechanism.Results indicate that more void space is created inside the clay shale sample due to unloading.This structure change leads to a decline of strength and acoustic amplitude.Additionally,unloading influence is depended on varying drilling unloading parameters.Small unloading range and fast unloading rate are able to enhance stability.With various degrees of unloading impact,collapse pressure equivalent density has a clear modification,proving that unloading is a non-negligible influencing factor of wellbore stability.Besides,the unloading effect is much stronger in large confining pressure,implying that more attention should be given to unloading when drilling is in extreme deep or high geostress formation.Findings in this paper can offer theoretical guidance for drilling in the clay shale formation.

气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定染发剂中14种N-亚硝胺类化合物

建立了气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定染发剂中N-亚硝基乙基异丙胺等14种N-亚硝胺类化合物含量的方法。样品采用QuEChERS法前处理,经聚乙二醇石英毛细管柱HP-INNOWAX(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)程序升温分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下分析,含量计算为外标法。结果表明,14种亚硝胺在5~100μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.998),检出限和定量下限分别为0.2~1.5μg/L和0.6~5μg/L。在25,50,100μg/kg加标水平下,染发剂基质的平均回收率为83.8%~122.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于11%(n=6)。采用该方法测定市售染发产品,结果发现1批样品中含有N-甲基-N-亚硝基苯胺,含量为31μg/kg。该方法前处理简单高效,专属性强,灵敏度高,准确性好,可用于染发剂中14种亚硝胺的筛查和含量测定。

Study on syndrome differentiation based on pharmacology of syndrome management system-a case of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome

Taking the Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome as an example,the research method of pharmacology of syndrome management system was proposed.By means of text mining,systematic pharmacology and target analysis,to attempt to reveal the essence of the corresponding syndrome by studying the drugs and targets of Qi and Yin deficiency.Fourteen Chinese herbs treating Qi and Yin deficiency were retrieved and used more than 30 times,and 9,317 related targets were predicted.The common targets of action were 85.Topological analysis was carried out by using degree centrality,closeness centrality and betweenness centrality to confirm that estrogen receptor(ESR1),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),D(2)dopamine receptor(DRD2),vitamin D3 receptor(VDR),glucocorticoid receptor(NR3C1),acetylcholinesterase(ACHE)and endothelin-1(EDN1)were highly correlated with Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome.Through the target to find Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome corresponding to 17 categories of diseases.A new idea was provided for studying the biological essence of TCM clinical syndrome differentiation.

开放与微创手术方式对兔急性跟腱断裂愈合影响的对比研究

目的 通过构建动物建模以及分子层面的检测对比开放性手术和微创手术对兔跟腱愈合的影响。方法 构建兔跟腱断裂模型并分组进行手术处理;苏木精-伊红染色法(hematoxylin-eosin staining,HE)检测术后1周和8周的跟腱组织形态;采用Western blot检测术后8周各组跟腱组织中炎性因子[白介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)]和血管生成相关因子[血小板-内皮细胞黏附分子(platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1,CD31)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)、转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)]的表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ElISA)检测术后8周各组跟腱组织中炎性因子(IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β)的表达水平;采用qPCR检测术后8周跟腱组织中Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Collagen typeⅠ,COLⅠ)和Ⅲ型原蛋白(Collagen typeⅢ,COLⅢ)的mRNA表达水平;检测术后8周各组跟腱抗张力和弹性模量。结果 术后8周,微创手术术后跟腱组织炎症反应弱于开放手术组;微创手术组的炎性因子和血管生成相关因子的表达弱于开放手术组;微创手术组与开放手术组比Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达量更高,Ⅲ型胶原蛋白表达量更低;微创手术组的跟腱抗张力和弹性模量都高于开放手术组。结论 微创手术组相较于开放手术组术后引发炎症反应更弱,新生血管形成更快,跟腱术后恢复更好。

Plasma metabolomics identifies metabolic alterations associated with the growth and development of cat

Background:The purpose of our study was to study the composition and content of the feline plasma metabolome revealing the critical metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with age during growth and development.Methods:Blood samples were collected from juvenile and adult groups for blood routine tests and serum biochemistry tests.Non-targeted metabolomics analyses of plasma were also performed to investigate changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways.Results:In this study,we found that the red blood cell counts,liver function indexes(albumin and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase),and the concentration of triglyceride and glucose changed significant with growth and development.The metabolomics results revealed that 1427 metabolites were identified in the plasma of young and adult cats.Most of these metabolites belong to major classes of lipids and lipid-like molecules.The most obvious age-related metabolites include reduced levels of chenodeoxycholate,taurocholate,cholate,and taurochenodeoxycholate but increased levels of L-cysteine and taurocyamine in the adult cat's serum.These metabolites are mainly involved in the primary bile acid biosynthesis pathway,the bile secretion pathway,and the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway.Conclusion:This study revealed many age-related metabolite alterations in the feline plasma.These age-varying metabolites,especially in the bile acid biosynthesis and secretion metabolism pathways,indicate that the regulation of these pathways is involved in the growth and development of cats.This study promotes our understanding of the mechanism of feline growth and provides new insights into nutrition and medicine for cats of different ages.

Recent progress on efficient perovskite/organic tandem solar cells

The concept of tandem solar cells(TSCs) is an effective way to substantially further improve the efficiency of solar cells. The excellent optoelectronic properties and bandgap tunability of perovskites make them promising for constructing efficient TSCs. Currently, TSCs based on perovskite have been extensively studied. Besides, the performance of organic solar cells has been greatly improved recently due to the wider and more efficient spectral utilization. Accordingly, research on perovskite/organic TSCs has garnered significant attention. It has potential application advantages in emerging fields such as wearable devices by virtue of flexibility. In addition, orthogonal solvents can be adopted to realize the separate preparation of subcells with the solution method, which greatly reduces fabrication complexity;moreover, fabrication with less equipment significantly cuts down the device cost. Meanwhile, organics with more adjustability on the optoelectronic properties provide more tuning strategies for high-performance perovskite/organic TSCs. However, comprehensive and timely reviews on the perovskite/organic TSCs are deficient. Therefore, we expect to accomplish a review on this innovative TSCs to facilitate researchers with a deeper understanding of perovskite/organic TSCs. Herein, we firstly review the significant progress of perovskite and organic solar cells. Then, current achievements of perovskite/organic TSCs are summarized and introduced with a particular focus on the device structure design. Finally, we discuss existential challenges and propose effective strategies for future engineering.

Exploration and Practice of Postgraduate Training Mode Based on Medical Imaging Information Security

In the process of continuous maturity and development of medical imaging diagnosis,it is common to transmit images through public networks.How to ensure the security of transmission,cultivate talents who combine medical imaging and information security,and explore and cultivate new discipline growth points are difficult problems and challenges for schools and educators.In order to cope with industrial changes,a new round of scientific and technological revolution,and the challenges of the further development of artificial intelligence in medicine,this article will analyze the existing problems in the training of postgraduates in medical imaging information security by combining the actual conditions and characteristics of universities,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to promote the progress of technology in universities.

Tribological and Corrosion Properties of the CoCrAlYTaSiC-xCNTs Coatings Deposited by Laser Cladding

The MCrAlY coating has been potential candidate for the parts applied in friction and corrosion conditions, and CNTs (carbon nanotubes) are expected to improve the service performance of coatings owing to high lubrication and low chemical reactivity. In this work, a systematic investigation on the tribological and corrosion properties of CoCrAlYTaSiC-xCNTs coatings deposited by laser melting was analyzed. Results showed that the coatings had good-quality without typical metallurgical defects. The CNTs addition homogenized and refined the microstructure of coating, and also improved the tribological and corrosion properties. As the CNTs content changed from 0 to 4 wt%, the wear rate of coating decreased from 16.23 × 10^(-3) to 7.58 × 10^(-3) mg m^(−1), the jcorr of coating decreased from 4.13 × 10^(-4) to 1.23 × 10^(-4) A cm^(−2), and the Rct values increased from 12.69 to 25.07 Ω cm2.

Novel patterns for drug synergistic mechanism research

Drug combination based on synergistic effect is commonly used in clinical practice,especially in the application of traditional medicine.Exploring the combination mechanism could help to better utilize this synergistic advantage.However,current research focuses more on the efficacy enhancing of drugs,while ignoring the toxicity reducing effects.Here,we established two drug synergy patterns based on the different situations of drugs and targets,in order to better illuminate the synergistic mechanism of drugs.

骨纤维结构不良恶变的病例对照研究

目的:分析骨纤维结构不良(fibrous dysplasia,FD)恶变的生物学行为,探讨恶变诊断的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析北京积水潭医院2006年3月至2017年3月收拾的FD 394例,病理学证实恶变7例为研究组。根据恶变病例的年龄、部位等流行病学资料,按照1:2配对分析同期FD 14例为对照组。对比临床特点、疼痛VAS评分、病灶大小、影像学特征、血液生化指标、随访肿瘤学结果及功能评分进行统计学分析。结果:FD恶变7例,其中男性3例,女性4例。平均随访时间为175(3～396)个月,恶变后平均随访时间为26(3～51)个月。平均和中位年龄分别为45.6岁和47(24～60)岁,其中股骨6例,胫骨1例。2例为单发病灶,5例为全身多发纤维结构不良,2例为初次手术,5例为复发后确诊,恶变距初次手术间隔平均时间为207(37～377)个月。研究组的疼痛(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)评分较对照组显著增高(Z=-3.317,P=0.001),且研究组术后VAS较术前明显改善(Z=-2.384,P=0.017)。研究组较对照组术前碱性磷酸酶(alkline phosphatase,AKP)对比明显增高(Z=-2.314,P=0.021),术前乳酸脱氢酶(lac-tate dehydrogenase,LDH)(Z=-1.269,P=0.205)两组比较均无显著性差异。研究组术后AKP较术前明显下降(Z=-2.366,P=0.018),术后LDH较术前下降(Z=-2.028,P=0.043)。CT扫描发现研究组增强后CT值明显高于对照组增强后CT值(Z=-3.659,P<0.001)。单因素分析表明术前VAS评分、AKP值、皮质破坏、软组织包块和CT增强值5项因素在判断FD恶变具有临床意义。恶变病理分别为骨肉瘤4例,低级别梭形细胞肉瘤2例,未分化多形性肉瘤1例,3例患者接受辅助化疗,2例出现肺转移,1例死亡。术后功能MSTS评分,对照组平均95.0%±3.9%,功能优于研究组86.0%±10.9%(F=5.689,P=0.029)。结论:FD恶变罕见,术前VAS评分、AKP值、皮质破坏、是否存在软组织包块以及CT增强值有助于临床判断是否恶变;广泛外科边界切除为主要治疗方法。

Fe-Al基金属间铝化合物层在酸性条件下的显微组织演变和腐蚀行为（英文）

采用压力辅助固态扩散结合技术在430 (Fe-Cr)和304 (Fe-Cr-Ni)不锈钢基体上制备两种Fe-Al基金属间铝化合物层,并与在纯铁上制备的铝化合物层进行比较。采用SEM、EDS和EBSD分析铝化合物层的显微组织和存在的金属间化合物物相。Al和基体发生相互扩散,生成在Fe_4Al_(13)基体上弥散分布的Cr_2Al_(13)网状结构。采用失重实验、OCP、Tafel曲线和EIS实验研究金属间化合物层在0.5mol/L盐酸溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,与纯铁上的铝化合物层相比,同时添加Cr和Ni后,304不锈钢上铝化合物层的耐蚀性提高了十几倍,而430不锈钢铝化合物层中裂缝的存在使得腐蚀介质渗透至基体,提高了腐蚀速率。此外,采用XRD分析腐蚀产物。结果表明,Cr和Ni的添加能促进耐蚀相的形成,从而提高不锈钢上金属间铝化合物层的耐蚀性。

SiC添加相对NiCr-Cr3C2金属陶瓷涂层高温磨损性能的影响

本文利用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF),在G20钢表面制备了三种不同SiC掺杂含量(5wt.%、10wt.%、15wt.%)的NiCr-Cr3C2金属陶瓷复合涂层,并探究掺杂含量对涂层微观结构、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、拉伸试验机对涂层的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征,使用球盘式摩擦磨损机对三种涂层在400℃下的磨损性能进行了对比研究。结果表明掺杂5wt.%SiC的复合涂层具有最好的力学性能,其显微硬度达到812HV,结合强度达到71MPa。但随着掺杂量的升高,涂层的孔隙率增大,涂层力学性能下降。涂层的抗高温磨损性能随着SiC掺杂量的增加先升高后降低再升高,其中掺杂15wt.%SiC的复合涂层磨损率最低,其值为1.053×10^-12m^3/N·m。在高温磨损环境中,掺杂15wt.%SiC的复合涂层表面形成的Cr2O3、SiO2等氧化物阻隔了磨损表面之间的直接接触,使涂层表现出优异的抗高温磨损性能。

基于智能电网构建的欧洲可再生能源电力系统现状和前景展望(英文)

可再生能源在欧盟未来的能源框架中扮演着重要角色。到2020年,在欧盟总的能源消耗量中,预期20%将来自可再生能源,并且能效将提高20%。智能电网将是未来电力系统接纳大规模可再生能源发电并网的基石。文中介绍了欧洲的可再生能源开发现状和规划以及能源政策,并讨论了欧盟在智能电网相关技术方面的研发进展。丹麦是欧盟国家中可再生能源使用和相关关键技术研发的领跑者,文中重点以其为例进行介绍和阐述。

Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome(MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) are the serious public health problems worldwide.Moreover,it is estimated that MetS patients have about five-fold greater risk of the T2 DM development compared with people without the syndrome.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are a subgroup of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors which play an important role in the pathogenesis of MetS and T2 DM.All three members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) nuclear receptor subfamily,PPARα,PPARp/5 and PPARγ are critical in regulating insulin sensitivity,adipogenesis,lipid metabolism,and blood pressure.Recently,more and more studies indicated that the gene polymorphism of PPARs,such as Leu^(162)Val and Val^(227)Ala of PPARα,+294T> C of PPARβ/δ,Pro^(12)Ala and C1431 T of PPARγ,are significantly associated with the onset and progressing of MetS and T2 DM in different population worldwide.Furthermore,a large body of evidence demonstrated that the glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism were influenced by gene-gene interaction among PPARs genes.However,given the complexity pathogenesis of metabolic disease,it is unlikely that genetic variation of a single locus would provide an adequate explanation of inter-individual differences which results in diverse clinical syndromes.Thus,gene-gene interactions and gene-environment interactions associated with T2 DM and MetS need future comprehensive studies.

Gene-Gene Interaction of GJB2, SOD2, and CAT on Occupational Noise-induced Hearing Loss in Chinese Han Population

The effects of genetic factors on the noise-induced hearing loss （NIHL） are still unclear. In the present study, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） included rs1227049 and rs3802711 （CDH23）, rs1695 （GSTP1）, rs137852540 （GJB2）, rs2289274 （PMCA2）, rs4880 （SOD2）, rs7943316, and rs769214 within CAT that might associated with NIHL were further validated in Chinese workers. The results showed that the carriers of the T allele （AT＋TT） of rs7943316 and A allele （GA＋AA） of rs769214, were significantly associated with an increased risk of NIHL compared to those with AA genotype （P〈0.05） and GG genotype （P〈0.05）. Moreover, a significant three-locus model （P=0.0107） involving rs2016520, rs9794, and rs1805192 were observed that might associated with NIHL, with 53.95% of testing accuracy. Thus, our present study provided the evidence that GJB2, SOD2, and CAT genes might account for the NIHL development in independently and/or in an interactive manner.

PGE2 activates EP4 in subchondral bone osteoclasts to regulate osteoarthritis

Prostaglandin E2(PGE2), a major cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) product, is highly secreted by the osteoblast lineage in the subchondral bone tissue of osteoarthritis(OA) patients. However, NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors, have severe side effects during OA treatment. Therefore, the identification of novel drug targets of PGE2 signaling in OA progression is urgently needed. Osteoclasts play a critical role in subchondral bone homeostasis and OA-related pain. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 regulates osteoclast function and subsequently subchondral bone homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we show that PGE2 acts via EP4 receptors on osteoclasts during the progression of OA and OA-related pain. Our data show that while PGE2 mediates migration and osteoclastogenesis via its EP2 and EP4 receptors, tissue-specific knockout of only the EP4 receptor in osteoclasts(EP4 Lys M) reduced disease progression and osteophyte formation in a murine model of OA. Furthermore, OA-related pain was alleviated in the EP4 Lys M mice, with reduced Netrin-1 secretion and CGRP-positive sensory innervation of the subchondral bone. The expression of plateletderived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB) was also lower in the EP4 Lys Mmice, which resulted in reduced type H blood vessel formation in subchondral bone. Importantly, we identified a novel potent EP4 antagonist, HL-43, which showed in vitro and in vivo effects consistent with those observed in the EP4 Lys Mmice. Finally, we showed that the Gαs/PI3 K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway is downstream of EP4 activation via PGE2 in osteoclasts. Together, our data demonstrate that PGE2/EP4 signaling in osteoclasts mediates angiogenesis and sensory neuron innervation in subchondral bone, promoting OA progression and pain, and that inhibition of EP4 with HL-43 has therapeutic potential in OA.

Diabetes fuels periodontal lesions via GLUT1-driven macrophage inflammaging

Hyperglycemia induces chronic low-grade inflammation(inflammaging),which is a newly identified contributor to diabetes-related tissue lesions,including the inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis.It is also a secondary senescent pattern mediated by an increased burden of senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype(SASP).Macrophage is a key SASPspreading cell and may contribute to the maintenance of SASP response in the periodontal microenvironment.Using a transgenic diabetic model(BLKS/J-Lepr^(db)/lepr^(db)mice)we identified striking senescence of the periodontium in young(18-wk)-diabetic mice accompanied by amassed p16^(+)-macrophages and enhanced early SASP response.Exposed to high glucose in vitro,bone marrow-derived macrophage(BMDM)revealed a strong GLUT1 m RNA response driving the elevated-glucose uptake.GLUT1 is a representative and facilitative glucose transporter in macrophages with potential roles in hyperglycemia-induced inflammation.In this study,both GLUT1 and the downstream GTPase Rheb expression upregulated in the gingiva of diabetic mice with impaired condition.Furthermore,SASP release and p16/p21 signaling were proven to be triggered by m TOR phosphorylation in BMDM and antagonized by restricting glucose uptake in GLUT1^(-/-)BMDM.Taken together,our findings suggest that elevated-GLUT1 sensor responded to high glucose is important for macrophage senescence and SASP response,generated as a result of hyperglycemia,and it is a potential molecular mechanism for the exacerbation of periodontitis in diabetes.