Experts consensus on the procedure of dental operative microscope in endodontics and operative dentistry

The dental operative microscope has been widely employed in the field of dentistry,particularly in endodontics and operative dentistry,resulting in significant advancements in the effectiveness of root canal therapy,endodontic surgery,and dental restoration.However,the improper use of this microscope continues to be common in clinical settings,primarily due to operators’insufficient understanding and proficiency in both the features and established operating procedures of this equipment.In October 2019,Professor Jingping Liang,Vice Chairman of the Society of Cariology and Endodontology,Chinese Stomatological Association,organized a consensus meeting with Chinese experts in endodontics and operative dentistry.The objective of this meeting was to establish a standard operation procedure for the dental operative microscope.Subsequently,a consensus was reached and officially issued.Over the span of about four years,the content of this consensus has been further developed and improved through practical experience.

Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation Associated with Panuveitis in an Adult and a Review of the Literature

Purpose:To report an unusual case of idiopathic orbital inflammation associated with panuveitis. Case report:We report a case of a 47-year-old female with a history of uveitis who presented with abrupt and painful prop tosis with complete vision loss unresponsive to antibiotic therapy.B-scan ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging both showed retinal detachment and an orbital space-occupying mass. The patient underwent orbitotomy and the diagnosis of idiopathic orbital inflammation was confirmed by histopathology. Anterior uveitis is rarely seen in idiopathic orbital inflammation in adults. We report for the first time an unusual case of idiopathic orbital inflammation associated with panuveitis. Conclusion:Inflammation involving both the eye and the orbit is rarely seen in adults. Idiopathic orbital inflammation and panuveitis may share a similar mechanism in this case. (Eye Science 2013; 28:40-43)

Anti-inflammatory effect of miR-125a-5p on experimental optic neuritis by promoting the differentiation of Treg cells

Methylprednisolone pulse treatment is currently used fo r optic neuritis.It can speed visual recovery,but does not improve the ultimate visual outcomes.Recent studies have repo rted that miR-125 a-5 p has immunomodulatory effects on autoimmune diseases.However,it remains unclear whether miR-125 a-5 p has effects on optic neuritis.In this study,we used adeno-associated virus to overexpress or silence miR-125 a-5 p in mice.We found that silencing miR-125 a-5 p increased the latency of visual evoked potential and aggravated inflammation of the optic nerve.Ove rexpression of miR-125 a-5 p suppressed inflammation of the optic nerve,protected retinal ganglion cells,and increased the percentage of Treg cells.Our findings show that miR-125 a-5 p exhibits anti-inflammatory effects through promoting the diffe rentiation of Treg cells.

Saccades of video head impulse test in Meniere's disease and Vestibular Migraine: What can we learn from?

Background:Saccades are often observed on video head impulse tests(vHIT)in patients with Meniere's Disease(MD)and Vestibular Migraine(VM).However,their saccadic features are not fully described.Objective:This study aims to identify the saccades characteristics of MD and VM.Methods:75 VM patients and 103 definite unilateral MD patients were enrolled in this study.First raw saccades were exported and analyzed.The VM patients were divided into left and right based on their ears,while the MD patients were separated into affected and unaffected subgroups based on their audiograms and symptoms.Results:The MD patients have more saccades on the affected side(85%vs.69%),and saccade velocity is more consistent than the contralateral side(shown by the coefficient of variation).The saccades occurrence rates on both sides are similar in VM(77%vs.76%),as are other saccadic parameters.The MD patients have more significant inter-aural differences than the VM patients,manifested in higher velocity(p-value 0.000),earlier arriving(p-value 0.010),and more time-domain gathered(p-value 0.003)on the affected side.Conclusions:Bilateral saccades are commonly observed in MD and VM.In contrast to MD,saccades on VM are subtle,scattered,and late-arrived.Furthermore,the MD patients showed inconsistent saccadic distribution with more velocity-uniform saccades on the affected side.

高效液相色谱测定大蒜原料及大蒜片中蒜氨酸和大蒜素的方法研究

本文利用蒜氨酸的改性衍生物,建立了一种提取蒜氨酸和大蒜素的独特样品制备方法。对蒜氨酸采用酶抑制剂水溶液,邻苯二甲醛(OPA)试剂为衍生试剂,在pH值为9.0~10.0条件下提取,获得较好的反应和稳定性。用pH 6.0的醋酸钠缓冲液提取大蒜素,以获得更稳定的大蒜素。结果显示,5℃的进样温度可使蒜氨酸和大蒜素在溶液中保持48 h的稳定。

Carbon Capture and Storage:History and the Road Ahead

The large-scale deployment of carbon capture and storage(CCS)is becoming increasingly urgent in the global path toward net zero emissions;however,global CCS deployment is significantly lagging behind its expected contribution to greenhouse gas emission reduction.Reviewing and learning from the examples and history of successful CCS practices in advanced countries will help other countries,including China,to promote and deploy CCS projects using scientific methods.This paper shows that the establishment of major science and technology CCS infrastructures in advanced countries has become the main source of CCS technological innovation,cost reduction,risk reduction,commercial promotion,and talent training in the development and demonstration of key CCS technologies.Sound development of CCS requires a transition from pilot-scale science and technology infrastructures to large-scale commercial infrastructures,in addition to incentive policies;otherwise,it will be difficult to overcome the technical barriers between small-scale demonstrations and the implementation of million-tonne-scale CCS and ten-million-tonne-scale CCS hubs.Geological CO_(2) storage is the ultimate goal of CCS projects and the driving force of CO_(2) capture.Further improving the accuracy of technologies for the measurement,monitoring,and verification(MMV)of CO_(2) storage capacity,emission reduction,and safety remains a problem for geological storage.CO_(2) storage in saline aquifers can better couple multiple carbon emission sources and is currently a priority direction for development.Reducing the energy consumption of lowconcentration CO_(2) capture and the depletion of chemical absorbents and improving the operational efficiency and stability of post-combustion CO_(2) capture systems have become the key constraints to largescale CCS deployment.Enhanced oil recovery(EOR)is also important in order for countries to maximize fossil fuel extraction instead of importing oil from less environmentally friendly oil-producing countries.

Preparation of multihollow P(St-MAA) particles by sequence soap-free/soap emulsion polymerization and followed by stepwise alkali/acid posttreatment

The effects of ionic emulsifier, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfate (SDBS), on the formation of the multihollow structures in sub-micron sized polymer particles produced by alkali/acid posttreatment were investigated. The original latex particles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by a new sequence emulsifier-free/emulsifier emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA). Results indicated that the pore size decreased and the pore number increased with the increase of SDBS amount, and the morphology of the posttreated latex particles was also significantly influenced by the introducing time of SDBS in the preparation of the original latex particles, and a suitable introducing time was 3 h of polymerization.

8-iso-prostaglandin-F2α:a possible trigger or accelerator of diabetic retinopathy

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a global disease,the number of patients of which is predicted to rise to about 380million by 2025 by the World Health Organization(WHO)[1].Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the most sigificant complications in DM[1],and the first cause of

Neuroprotective effects of gypenosides in experimental autoimmune optic neuritis

AIM:To determine whether gypenosides have protective effects in experimental autoimmune optic neuritis(EAON).METHODS:Mice were randomly divided into seven groups:control group,model group,three different density gypenosides monotherapy,methylprednisolone monotherapy,combination of gypenosides and methylprednisolone group.The control group was subcutaneously injected with oil emulsion adjuvant and all other groups were subcutaneously immunized with an emulsified mixture of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(MOG) 35-55 peptide to induce EAON.Mice in the gypenosides groups were administered injections daily with three concentrations(15 mg/kg,30 mg/kg,45 mg/kg) of gypenosides respectively.Mice in the methylprednisolone group and the combination treatment group were injected daily with methylprednisolone(20 mg/kg) or methylprednisolone(20 mg/kg) + gypenosides(30 mg/kg),respectively.After MOG immunization,visual evoked potential(VEP),optical coherence tomography(OCT),and histopathologic examination were performed at 14,20,30,and 40 d post-inoculation(p.i.).All results were expressed as mean±SEM.The data were evaluated by oneway ANOVA followed by Tukey or Games-Howell test.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,p2 latency was prolonged in the model group(P=0.041).Combination treatment can alleviated the change in VEP at 20 d p.i.(P=0.012).Average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL) thickness was reduced in the model group(P= 0.000,30d;P=0.000,40d) and gypenosides treatment remarkably diminished the degree of RNFL degenerationat 30 d and 40 d p.i(P=0.000,30d;P=0.000,40d).The pathomorphological results showed a decrease in demyelination(P=0.020) and inflammatory reactions in the combination group compared with the model group(20d p.i.).Gypenosides treatment also alleviated the degree of axonal loss(40d p.i.)(P=0.003).CONCLUSION:Treatment with gypenosides exerts protective effects on retinal nerve fibers and axons in EAON.When combined with gypenosides,methylprednisolone reduces demyelination in the acute stage of EAON.

IgG4-Related Mikulicz's Disease Associated with Thyroiditis:a Case Report and Review of the Literature

Purpose: To report an unusual case of IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease associated with thyroiditis.Case report: We describe a 25-year-old Chinese man who presented with bilateral, painless swellings of the lachrymal glands, parotid glands, and thyroid nodules. The patient underwent left-sided dacryoadenectomy and the diagnosis of IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease was pathologically confirmed.The size of the right-sided lachrymal gland and parotid glands recovered fundamentally after one month of glucocorticoid therapy.Conclusion: IgG4-related Mikulicz's disease associated with thyroiditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral swellings of lachrymal glands, salivary glands, and thyroid nodules. Surgical excision is recommended in order to treat the tumor and to ensure the pathological diagnosis. Glucocorticoid therapy should be considered in association with surgery after removal.

Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in a Boy with Fibrous Boney Dysplasia

Purpose:To report a case of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy combined with fibrous boney dysplasia. Methods: Case report. Results:A 16-year-old boy presented with painless vision loss in both eyes. He had a history of a right humerus fracture and right femoral fracture surgery after an uncomplicated fall.On examination in our clinic, his visual acuity was counting fingers at 20 cm OD and counting fingers at 40 cm OS.Both pupils reacted sluggishly to light.The findings on slit-lamp examination and funduscopy after pupillary dilation were all unremarkable. Computed tomography scans demonstrated fibrous dysplasia involving the right frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones but no stenosis of either optic canal. His serum alkaline phosphatase was 522 U/L (reference range: 40-150 U/L). His vision showed no improvement after intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy.Finally,a 11778 mitochondrial DNA mutation was detected. He still had no visual recovery after treatment with oral coenzyme Q10,vitamin B1, and citicoline. Conclusion:Fibrous dysplasia of bone may be associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy,possibly due to the fact that it increases local oxygen consumption. (Eye Science 2013; 28:48-50)

Fabrication and Wettability of ZnO Nanorod Array

ZnO nanorod arrays were prepared in an open system by using a simple aqueous solution method. Spindle-like, wimble-like, tower-like and hexagonal rod-like ZnO rods were obtained under different conditions. ZnO nanorod arrays with different morphology and size were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement (CAM). The size of ordered zinc oxide rods can be controlled by temperature of water bath, because this temperature can influences growing speeds in different crystal directions. Some additives, such as urea and thiourea, were introduced into reaction solution to improve quality of arrays. Surface character of ZnO nanorod arrays can be changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, which was proved to be dependence on size of air grooves on surface.

INFLUENCES OF ACID POST-TREATMENT ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SOAP-FREE P(MMA-EA-MAA)PARTICLES PREPARED BY SEEDED EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

Soap-free poly(methyl methacrylate-ethyl acrylate-methacrylic acid) latex particles with narrow size distribution were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization, and the porous particles were created by a stepwise alkali/acid treatment method. Effects of acid treatment conditions on the particle morphology were investigated. Results show that one to three pores were formed inside most of particles after post-treatment. At pH 7.0, when the treatment temperature was lower than 70℃, the size of particles and the volume of pores remained almost unchanged, and these two values increased significantly when the temperature was higher than 70℃. Both the particle size and the pore volume decreased with the increase of initial pH value and treatment time in the acid treatment. As the pH was below 4.0 and the treatment time was longer than 180 min, the particles shrunk in size.

Analysis of video head impulse test saccades data in patients with vestibular migraine or probable vestibular migraine

Objective:Saccades accompanied by normal gain in video head impulse tests(vHIT)are often observed in patients with vestibular migraine(VM).However,they are not considered as an independent indicator,reducing their utility in diagnosing VM.To better understand clinical features of VM,it is necessary to understand raw saccades data.Methods:Fourteen patients with confirmed VM,45 patients with probable VM(p-VM)and 14 agematched healthy volunteers were included in this study.Clinical findings related to spontaneous nystagmus(SN),positional nystagmus(PN),head-shaking nystagmus(HSN),caloric test and vHIT were recorded.Raw saccades data were exported and numbered by their sequences,and their features analyzed.Results:VM patients showed no SN,PN or HSN,and less than half of them showed unilateral weakness(UW)on caloric test.The first saccades from lateral semicircular canal stimulation were the most predominant for both left and right sides.Neither velocity nor time parameters were significantly different when compared between the two sides.Most VM patients(86%)exhibited small saccades,around 35%of the head peak velocity,with a latency of 200e400 ms.Characteristics of saccades were similar in patients with p-VM.Only four normal subjects showed saccades,all unilateral and seemingly random.Conclusions:Small saccades involving bilateral semicircular canals with a scattered distribution pattern are common in patients with VM and p-VM.

Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor tissues: a comparative case series

AIM: To investigate the positive rate and types of cells that express Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs(EBERs) and to determine the distribution of EBER-expressing cells in idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor(IOIP) tissues.METHODS: We retrospectively examined 40 archived paraffin specimens from two teaching hospitals in Southern China between January 2007 and January 2015 that were pathologically determined to exhibit IOIP. Eleven concurrent paraffin specimens of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO) composed the control group. In situ hybridization was performed to detect EBERs. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect CD3,CD20,Vimentin,and smooth muscle actin(SMA),and the positive rate,types of positive cells,and distribution and location of EBERs were evaluated.RESULTS: The positive expression rate of EBERs was 47.5%(19/40) in the IOIP group,which was significantly higher than that in the TAO group [0(0/11),P=0.011]. In the IOIP group,the lymphocyte infiltrative subtype,fibrotic subtype,and mixed subtype exhibited EBER-positive rates of 57.1%(12/21),12.5%(1/8),and 54.5%(6/11),respectively,and no significant differences were found between these subtypes(P=0.085). Positive signals of EBERs were mainly present in medium-small lymphocytes between or around follicles and in the nuclei of activated immunoblasts(14/19).CONCLUSION: The positive rate,types,and distribution of EBER-expressing cells in IOIP have been documented.These findings are conducive for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus infection in IOIP pathogenesis.

Clinical outcomes and complications between FLACS and conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery: a PRISMA-compliant Meta-analysis of 25 randomized controlled trials

AIM: To update and investigate the clinical outcomes and complications between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery(CPCS). METHODS: A Meta-analysis was performed using databases, including Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane library. At least one of the clinical outcomes and/or complications data in each included randomized controlled trials(RCT) was reported. The quality of the RCT was assessed with the Cochrane risk assessments tool.RESULTS: Overall, 25 RCTs including 3781 eyes were included. No statistically significant difference detected between FLACS and CPCS in terms of corrected distant visual acuity(CDVA), uncorrected distant visual acuity(UDVA), and central corneal thickness(CCT) at the longterm follow up, although FLACS showed better CDVA at 1 wk postoperatively, and less increase in CCT at 1 d and 1 wk. FLACS had better postoperative endothelial cell count(ECC) at 1 and 4-6 wk, while there was no significantly difference between FLACS and CPCS at 1 d, 3 and 6 mo [weighted mean difference(WMD): 51.54, 95% confidence interval(CI):-5.46 to 108.54, P=0.08;WMD: 48.52, 95%CI:-17.54 to 114.58, P=0.15;WMD: 12.17, 95%CI:-48.61 to 72.94, P=0.69, respectively]. Postoperative endothelial cell loss(ECL) of the FLACS was significantly lower than that of the CPCS at 1, 4-6 wk, and 3 mo(P=0.02, 0.008, 0.03, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between two groups at 6 mo(WMD:-30.36, 95%CI:-78.84 to 18.12, P=0.22). No significant difference was discovered with respect to the macular edema [odds ratio(OR): 0.93, 95%CI: 0.42 to 2.05, P=0.85], capsular complication excluding posterior capsular tears(OR: 0.79, 95%CI: 0.42 to 1.50, P=0.47) and intraocular pressure change(OR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.39 to 1.72, P=0.60). However, posterior capsular tears were more common in CPCS group(OR: 0.12, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.98, P=0.05). The effective phacoemulsification times were significantly lower in the FLACS group compared to the CPCS group(WMD:-0.78, 95%CI:-1.23 to-0.34, P=0.0006).CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference is discovered between FLACS and CPCS in clinical outcomes at the long-term follow up. However, higher rate of posterior capsular tears is detected in patients receiving CPCS.

No blinding trachoma in Guangxi,China

In 2005,Boost and Cho reported a high incidence of trachoma in rural areas of Guangxi,China(1).Ten years later,active trachoma has been controlled in this province in southern China.Trachoma is the major cause leading to infectious blindness worldwide(2,3).The risk factors of the

Clinical differences between young and older patients with optic neuritis

Background:To compare clinical features in young(18-44 years)and older patients(>44 years)with optic neuritis(ON).Methods:This is a retrospective case series study.One hundred thirty-three young cases and 51 older cases diagnosed with ON were reviewed.Results:The older patients had lower proportion of disc swelling(37.3%vs.57.1%,P=0.016),but higher proportion of brain plaques(21.6%vs.7.5%,P=0.007)compared with the young patients.The proportion of patients suffered from hypertension or hyperglycemia was nearly 6 times higher in the older patients than in the young patients(29.4%vs.5.3%,P<0.001).There were no significant differences in other clinical parameters[including gender,eye pain,clinical evidence of multiple sclerosis and best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)]between the older and young patients.Conclusions:There are some distinct differences between young patients(18-44 years)and older patients(>44 years).Physicians should pay attention to the side effects of corticosteroids in elderly patients in clinical practice,although they are generally safe.

Exercise-induced modulation of miR-149-5p and MMP9 in LPS-triggered diabetic myoblast ER stress: licorice glycoside E as a potential therapeutic target

Background:This study explores the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress and diabetes,particularly focusing on the impact of physical exercise on ER stress mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic drugs and targets for diabetes-related sepsis.The research also incorporates traditional physical therapy perspectives,emphasizing the genomic insights gained from exercise therapy in disease management and prevention.Methods:Gene analysis was conducted on the GSE168796 and GSE94717 datasets to identify ER stress-related genes.Gene interactions and immune cell correlations were mapped using GeneCard and STRING databases.A screening of 2,456 compounds from the TCMSP database was performed to identify potential therapeutic agents,with a focus on their docking potential.Techniques such as luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA interference were used to examine the interactions between microRNA-149-5p and MMP9.Results:The study identified 2,006 differentially expressed genes and 616 miRNAs.Key genes like MMP9,TNF-α,and IL1B were linked to an immunosuppressive state.Licorice glycoside E demonstrated high affinity for MMP9,suggesting its potential effectiveness in treating diabetes.The constructed miRNA network highlighted the regulatory roles of MMP9,IL1B,IFNG,and TNF-α.Experimental evidence confirmed the binding of microRNA-149-5p to MMP9,impacting apoptosis in diabetic cells.Conclusion:The findings highlight the regulatory role of microRNA-149-5p in managing MMP9,a crucial gene in diabetes pathophysiology.Licorice glycoside E emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes,especially targeting MMP9 affected by ER stress.The study also underscores the significance of physical exercise in modulating ER stress pathways in diabetes management,bridging traditional physical therapy and modern scientific understanding.Our study has limitations.It focuses on the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 network in sepsis,using cell-based methods without animal or clinical trials.Despite strong in vitro findings,in vivo studies are needed to confirm licorice glycoside E’s therapeutic potential and understand the microRNA-149-5p-MMP9 dynamics in real conditions.

Ultrasmall copper-based clusterzymes ameliorate Achilles tendinopathy by inhibiting acute oxidative stress

Tendinopathy is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder,accounting for over 30%of musculoskeletal lesions.However,current therapeutic strategies for tendinopathy are limited and often yield unsatisfactory clinical outcomes.Therefore,there is a critical need to explore novel therapeutic approaches with minimal side effects for tendinopathy and its early lesions.In this study,we successfully designed and synthesized a copper(I)-based nanocluster,named Cu_(11),which possesses remarkable enzyme-like and ROS-scavenging activities.This unique combination of properties qualifies Cu_(11)as an attractive anti-inflammatory and anti-ROS agent.The Cu_(11)clusterzymes specifically target mitochondria,effectively scavenging excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)and reducing oxidative stress.Furthermore,Cu_(11)clusterzymes inhibit the activation of key signaling pathways involved in inflammation,namely tumor necrosis factor(TNF),mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and nuclear factor(NF)-κB,leading to a decrease in the release of proinflammatory cytokines.Excitingly,our in vivo experiments using a collagenase-induced acute Achilles tendinopathy model demonstrated that Cu_(11)clusterzymes effectively alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress,without causing systemic toxicity.This study highlights the potential of copper-based clusterzymes as therapeutic agents for the treatment of Achilles tendinopathy and other inflammatory diseases.The unique enzyme-like and ROS-scavenging activities of Cu_(11)make it a promising candidate for further development and clinical translation.