Ruthenium Bisphosphine Catalyst on Functionalized Silica: Novel Efficient Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Formic Acid

A novel efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formic acidruthenium bisphosphine on functionalized silica was in situ synthesized, affording turnoverfrequency (TOF) of 1190 h-1 at 100% selectivity under 80℃ with total pressure of 16.0 MPa. Thecatalyst can be separated from the reaction mixture easily and reused with moderate loss ofactivity.

Dynamic glial response and crosstalk in demyelination-remyelination and neurodegeneration processes

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath in the central nervous system.It is characterized by blood-brain barrier dysfunction throughout the course of multiple sclerosis, followed by the entry of immune cells and activation of local microglia and astrocytes.Glial cells(microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocyte lineage cells) are known as the important mediators of neuroinflammation, all of which play major roles in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Network communications between glial cells affect the activities of oligodendrocyte lineage cells and influence the demyelination-remyelination process.A finely balanced glial response may create a favorable lesion environment for efficient remyelination and neuroregeneration.This review focuses on glial response and neurodegeneration based on the findings from multiple sclerosis and major rodent demyelination models.In particular, glial interaction and molecular crosstalk are discussed to provide insights into the potential cell-and molecule-specific therapeutic targets to improve remyelination and neuroregeneration.

Technical comments on rodent spinal cord injuries models

Spinal cord injuries(SCI)in rodents have been created by laceration,contusion,compression,or intramedullary injection of toxic agents.The choice of an appropriate SCI model should be made for each study based on the experimental design,with care taken to avoid unintended complications such as hemorrhage.Technical comments will be made in this communication describing the 1)importance of vertebral stabilization,2)injury preparation,and 3)landmarks to improve the precision and reproducibility of the SCI.

Immobilized Ruthenium Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation

Three kinds of cross linked polystyrene resin (PS) supported ruthenium complexes were developed as catalysts for the synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide hydrogenation. Many factors, such as the functionalized supports, solvents and ligands, could influence their activities and reuse performances greatly. These immobilized catalysts also offer the industrial advantages such as easy separation.

Surgical decompression in acute spinal cord injury： A review of clinical evidence, animal model studies, and potential future directions of investigation

为在尖锐针的绳索损害(SCI ) 的治疗的目标是减少第二等的损坏的程度并且便于神经新生和功能的恢复。尽管多重研究为尖锐 SCI 的治疗调查了潜在的新治疗，结果和管理协议在病人在改善瞄准了神经损害仍然保持无效。更最近的临床、基本的科学研究显示了外科的干预是为治疗的一种潜在地珍贵的形式；然而，角色并且外科的解压缩预定除了最佳的外科的干预，仍然是与尖锐 SCI 的外科的治疗相关的最争论的话题之一。当越来越多的潜在的治疗形式出现，动物模型为调查它的临床的申请和翻译进人的审判是枢轴的。这评论极其估价可得到的文学让临床、基本的科学研究加亮调查的程度考虑的那发生的、特定的治疗，和为未来研究的潜在的区域。