To investigate the plasma lipid levels in a national representative sample of subjects and to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Chinese population. Methods Plasma lipid profile was analyzed using the dat...To investigate the plasma lipid levels in a national representative sample of subjects and to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Chinese population. Methods Plasma lipid profile was analyzed using the data obtained during the Chinese national nutrition and health survey （CNHS） in 2002 which involved 14 252 participants at the age of 18 years or older. Results The mean levels of total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in the participants were 3.81 retool/L, 1.10 mmol/L, and 1.30 mmol/L, respectively. In the groups of participants at the age of 18-44 years, 45-59 years, and over 60 years the mean TC level was 3.70 mmol/L, 4.09 mmol/L and 4.21 mmol/L, respectively, and the mean TG level was 07 mmol/L, 1.21 mmol/L, 1.20 mmol/L, 1.29 mmol/L, 1.33 mmol/L, and 1.33 mmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults was 18.6% and 22.2% in males and 15.9% in females. Dyslipidemia prevalence was higher in urban districts than in rural areas （21.0% vs. 17.7%）. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol was 2.9%, 11.9%, and 7.4% respectively among the participants. Conclusion Dyslipidemia has become one of the important health risk factors in the Chinese population. There is no significantly difference in the prevalence of dyslipidemia between the groups of participants at the age of 45-59 years and over 60 years. This study provides important lipid profile data for policy making and guideline development for the prevention of dyslipidemia in the Chinese population.展开更多
In this study,the effect of channel baffles and louver baffles on the flow pattern in the large-scale industrial fluidized beds was studied by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.Then,the effect of flow pattern o...In this study,the effect of channel baffles and louver baffles on the flow pattern in the large-scale industrial fluidized beds was studied by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.Then,the effect of flow pattern on the chemical reaction performance was studied for the first time.Simulation results showed that the gas velocity distributed more uniformly,solid particles dispersed more homogeneously and aggregation scarcely occurred in the fluidized bed with louver baffles than that with channel baffles.The residence time distribution indicated that louver baffles remarkably suppressed gas back-mixing in comparison with channel baffles.The reasonable agreements of pressure distribution and reaction results between the simulation in the bed with channel baffles and the data on a large-scale industrial apparatus demonstrated the accuracy of the CFD model.The predicted conversion of SiCl_(4) in the bed with louver baffles(27.44%)was higher than that with channel baffles(22.69%),indicating that louver baffles markedly improved the performance of the fluidized bed.This study could provide useful information for future structural improvements of baffles in large-scale fluidized beds.展开更多
AIM: To characterize the disease-causing mutations in a Chinese family with ectopia lentis syndrome (ELS). METHODS: Patients and their family members were given complete physical, ophthalmic, and cardiovascular examin...AIM: To characterize the disease-causing mutations in a Chinese family with ectopia lentis syndrome (ELS). METHODS: Patients and their family members were given complete physical, ophthalmic, and cardiovascular examinations. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood of the pedigree members and 100 healthy controls. Mutation screening was performed in the fibrillin -1 (FBN1) gene by bi -directional sequencing of the amplified products. The mutation was analyzed using two bioinformatics methods. RESULTS: A novel heterozygous c.305G>A mutation in exon 3 of FBN1 was detected. As a result of this change, a highly conserved cysteine residue was replaced by a tyrosine residue (p.C102Y). Another mutation was found in the same exon (c.303T>C), which did not change the amino acid sequence. Both mutations were discovered in each affected individual, but not in the unaffected family members, or in 100 ethnically matched controls. A bioinformatics analysis predicted that mutation p.C102Y would affect protein function. CONCLUSION: In the first epidermal growth factor-like module, we identified a novel FBN1 mutation (p.C102Y), which caused ELS in the family. Our study presented a unique phenotype, including some distinct ophthalmic findings, such as hypoplasia of the iris and anisometropia. Our results expanded the mutation spectrum of FBN1 and enriched the overall knowledge of genotype-phenotype correlations due to FBN1 mutations.展开更多
[Objectives] To obtain a resveratrol synthase gene of Vitis vinifera and make bioinformatics analysis. [Methods] Taking total RNA of V. vinifera as the template,by RT-PCR method,a complete c DNA sequence of resveratro...[Objectives] To obtain a resveratrol synthase gene of Vitis vinifera and make bioinformatics analysis. [Methods] Taking total RNA of V. vinifera as the template,by RT-PCR method,a complete c DNA sequence of resveratrol synthase gene was amplified from V. vinifera,and the resveratrol synthase gene was named as RS. The nucleic acid and protein sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software.[Results]This sequence was 1179 bp in length,the similarity with reported resveratrol synthase gene reached 94%-99%,and the similarity with amino acid sequence reached 96%-99%; the RS gene encoded 392 amino acids,and amino acid sequence contained complete characteristic sequence GVLFGPGLT and active center sequence GCYAGGTVLR of stilbene synthase family; the predicted molecular weight was42. 78 k Da,the theoretical isoelectric point was 6. 57,the instability parameter was 35. 92,and it belonged to stable protein in the classification; the secondary structure was mainly α-helix,random coil and β-folding,α-helix content was 44. 13%,the random coil content was26. 53%,and β-folding content was 17. 66%. [Conclusions] The isolated RS gene is a resveratrol synthase gene from V. vinifera. This experiment is expected to lay a certain foundation for biosynthesis of resveratrol by the genetic engineering method.展开更多
How to directionally design the hollow zeolite via a green route is of great significance. Here, we successfully synthesized the hollow Fe-silicate-1 encapsulated ultra-small Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles (2.5 nm) with hi...How to directionally design the hollow zeolite via a green route is of great significance. Here, we successfully synthesized the hollow Fe-silicate-1 encapsulated ultra-small Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles (2.5 nm) with higher yield (85.2%) by mother liquid than traditional dissolution-recrystallization for the first time, which was achieved by precisely regulating the number and distribution of defects in zeolite and cleverly utilizing the TPAOH and nuclei in mother liquor. The effects of synthetic temperature, synthetic period and addition amount of parent zeolite on the formation of hollow zeolite have been investigated and the effect of synthetic conditions on the defects in parent zeolite has been also firstly quantified. The corresponding formation mechanism has been proposed. The abundant inner defects provided by the zeolite synthesized at 130 °C for 1 day and large amount of TPAOH remaining in mother liquid are conducive to the formation of hollow zeolite. Meanwhile, both parent zeolite and nuclei (4-, 5-member rings and structure units) in mother liquid obtained at 130 °C play the crucial roles in enhancing the zeolite yield. Notably, Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles could decompose into small fragments by the interaction with nuclei in mother liquid. Partial ultra-small Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles would be encapsulated in cavity and the rest could be inserted in the zeolite framework, which is significantly different from the conventional dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. The obtained encapsulated catalyst shows the superior catalytic performance and stability in phenol and tetracycline degradation reactions.展开更多
China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the world.The death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100000,accounting for 1.57 million deaths in 2018.It ranked third among the leading cause...China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the world.The death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100000,accounting for 1.57 million deaths in 2018.It ranked third among the leading causes of death behind malignant tumours and heart disease.The age-standardised prevalence and incidence of stroke in 2013 were 1114.8 per 100000 population and 246.8 per 100000 person-years,respectively.According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017,the years of life lost(YLLs)per 100000 population for stroke increased by 14.6%;YLLs due to stroke rose from third highest among all causes in 1990 to the highest in 2017.The absolute numbers and rates per 100000 population for all-age disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for stroke increased substantially between 1990 and 2017,and stroke was the leading cause of all-age DALYs in 2017.The main contributors to cerebrovascular diseases include behavioural risk factors(smoking and alcohol use)and pre-existing conditions(hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation(AF)).The most prevalent risk factors among stroke survivors were hypertension(63.0%-84.2%)and smoking(31.7%-47.6%).The least prevalent was AF(2.7%-7.4%).The prevalences for major risk factors for stroke are high and most have increased over time.Based on the latest national epidemiological data,26.6%of adults aged≥15 years(307.6 million adults)smoked tobacco products.For those aged≥18 years,age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 25.2%;adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was 5.8%;and the standardised prevalence of diabetes was 10.9%.For those aged≥40 years,the standardised prevalence of AF was 2.31%.Data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System showed that 3010204 inpatients with stroke were admitted to 1853 tertiary care hospitals during 2018.Of those,2466785(81.9%)were ischaemic strokes(ISs);447609(14.9%)were intracerebral haemorrhages(ICHs);and 95810(3.2%)were subarachnoid haemorrhages(SAHs).The average age of patients admitted was 66 years old,and nearly 60%were male.A total of 1555(0.1%),2774(0.6%)and 1347(1.4%)paediatric strokes(age<18 years)were identified among IS,ICH and SAH,respectively.Over one-third(1063892(35.3%))of the patients were covered by urban resident basic medical insurance,followed by urban employee basic medical insurance(699513(23.2%))and new rural cooperative medical schema(489361(16.3%)).The leading risk factor was hypertension(67.4%for IS,77.2%for ICH and 49.1%for SAH),and the leading comorbidity was pneumonia or pulmonary infection(10.1%for IS,31.4%for ICH and 25.2%for SAH).In-hospital death/discharge against medical advice rate was 8.3%for stroke inpatients,ranging from 5.8%for IS to 19.5%for ICH.The median and IQR of length of stay was 10.0(7.0-14.0)days,ranging from 10.0(7.0-13.0)in IS to 14.0(8.0-22.0)in SAH.Data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance demonstrated that the composite scores of guideline-recommended key performance indicators for patients with IS,ICH and SAH were 0.77±0.21,0.72±0.28 and 0.59±0.32,respectively.展开更多
Background A better understanding of the role of exercise and nutrition in bone health is significant for preventing osteoporosis.The aim of this review was to assess the combined effects of physical activity and calc...Background A better understanding of the role of exercise and nutrition in bone health is significant for preventing osteoporosis.The aim of this review was to assess the combined effects of physical activity and calcium intake on improving bone mineral density in children and adolescents.Methods A search of electronic databases(MedLine,ISI Web of Science,Science Direct)and the literature references were performed.Randomized controlled trials published between 1997 and 2017,evaluating the effect of both physical activity and calcium intake intervention on bone mineral density or bone mineral content among children aged 3–18 years were selected.The Improved Jadad Rating Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.Study characteristics were summarized in accordance with the review’s PICO criteria.Changes in bone mineral content were detected at several different bone sites.Results A total of nine studies involving 908 participants were included in this review.The combined intervention of physical activity and calcium increased bone mineral in children and adolescents,especially when baseline calcium intake level was low and among participants on the stage of early puberty.Conclusions Regular physical activity combined with high level of calcium intake is beneficial for bone health in young population.Further research is needed to evaluate the dose–response associations and long-term effects of the interaction between physical activity and calcium intake.展开更多
文摘To investigate the plasma lipid levels in a national representative sample of subjects and to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in the Chinese population. Methods Plasma lipid profile was analyzed using the data obtained during the Chinese national nutrition and health survey （CNHS） in 2002 which involved 14 252 participants at the age of 18 years or older. Results The mean levels of total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in the participants were 3.81 retool/L, 1.10 mmol/L, and 1.30 mmol/L, respectively. In the groups of participants at the age of 18-44 years, 45-59 years, and over 60 years the mean TC level was 3.70 mmol/L, 4.09 mmol/L and 4.21 mmol/L, respectively, and the mean TG level was 07 mmol/L, 1.21 mmol/L, 1.20 mmol/L, 1.29 mmol/L, 1.33 mmol/L, and 1.33 mmol/L, respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults was 18.6% and 22.2% in males and 15.9% in females. Dyslipidemia prevalence was higher in urban districts than in rural areas （21.0% vs. 17.7%）. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol was 2.9%, 11.9%, and 7.4% respectively among the participants. Conclusion Dyslipidemia has become one of the important health risk factors in the Chinese population. There is no significantly difference in the prevalence of dyslipidemia between the groups of participants at the age of 45-59 years and over 60 years. This study provides important lipid profile data for policy making and guideline development for the prevention of dyslipidemia in the Chinese population.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0604900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978198)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFF0102503)。
文摘In this study,the effect of channel baffles and louver baffles on the flow pattern in the large-scale industrial fluidized beds was studied by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)methods.Then,the effect of flow pattern on the chemical reaction performance was studied for the first time.Simulation results showed that the gas velocity distributed more uniformly,solid particles dispersed more homogeneously and aggregation scarcely occurred in the fluidized bed with louver baffles than that with channel baffles.The residence time distribution indicated that louver baffles remarkably suppressed gas back-mixing in comparison with channel baffles.The reasonable agreements of pressure distribution and reaction results between the simulation in the bed with channel baffles and the data on a large-scale industrial apparatus demonstrated the accuracy of the CFD model.The predicted conversion of SiCl_(4) in the bed with louver baffles(27.44%)was higher than that with channel baffles(22.69%),indicating that louver baffles markedly improved the performance of the fluidized bed.This study could provide useful information for future structural improvements of baffles in large-scale fluidized beds.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81371001)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81130018)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ13H120002)Zhejiang Key Innovation Team Project of China(No.2009R50039)Zhejiang Key Laboratory Fund of China(No.2011E10006)Project of National Clinical Key Discipline of the Chinese Ministry of Health
文摘AIM: To characterize the disease-causing mutations in a Chinese family with ectopia lentis syndrome (ELS). METHODS: Patients and their family members were given complete physical, ophthalmic, and cardiovascular examinations. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood of the pedigree members and 100 healthy controls. Mutation screening was performed in the fibrillin -1 (FBN1) gene by bi -directional sequencing of the amplified products. The mutation was analyzed using two bioinformatics methods. RESULTS: A novel heterozygous c.305G>A mutation in exon 3 of FBN1 was detected. As a result of this change, a highly conserved cysteine residue was replaced by a tyrosine residue (p.C102Y). Another mutation was found in the same exon (c.303T>C), which did not change the amino acid sequence. Both mutations were discovered in each affected individual, but not in the unaffected family members, or in 100 ethnically matched controls. A bioinformatics analysis predicted that mutation p.C102Y would affect protein function. CONCLUSION: In the first epidermal growth factor-like module, we identified a novel FBN1 mutation (p.C102Y), which caused ELS in the family. Our study presented a unique phenotype, including some distinct ophthalmic findings, such as hypoplasia of the iris and anisometropia. Our results expanded the mutation spectrum of FBN1 and enriched the overall knowledge of genotype-phenotype correlations due to FBN1 mutations.
基金Supported by Construction and Expression of Heterologous Biosynthesis Pathway for Resveratrol(BAK:201502bsh)
文摘[Objectives] To obtain a resveratrol synthase gene of Vitis vinifera and make bioinformatics analysis. [Methods] Taking total RNA of V. vinifera as the template,by RT-PCR method,a complete c DNA sequence of resveratrol synthase gene was amplified from V. vinifera,and the resveratrol synthase gene was named as RS. The nucleic acid and protein sequences were analyzed using bioinformatics software.[Results]This sequence was 1179 bp in length,the similarity with reported resveratrol synthase gene reached 94%-99%,and the similarity with amino acid sequence reached 96%-99%; the RS gene encoded 392 amino acids,and amino acid sequence contained complete characteristic sequence GVLFGPGLT and active center sequence GCYAGGTVLR of stilbene synthase family; the predicted molecular weight was42. 78 k Da,the theoretical isoelectric point was 6. 57,the instability parameter was 35. 92,and it belonged to stable protein in the classification; the secondary structure was mainly α-helix,random coil and β-folding,α-helix content was 44. 13%,the random coil content was26. 53%,and β-folding content was 17. 66%. [Conclusions] The isolated RS gene is a resveratrol synthase gene from V. vinifera. This experiment is expected to lay a certain foundation for biosynthesis of resveratrol by the genetic engineering method.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21978198 and 22002052).
文摘How to directionally design the hollow zeolite via a green route is of great significance. Here, we successfully synthesized the hollow Fe-silicate-1 encapsulated ultra-small Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles (2.5 nm) with higher yield (85.2%) by mother liquid than traditional dissolution-recrystallization for the first time, which was achieved by precisely regulating the number and distribution of defects in zeolite and cleverly utilizing the TPAOH and nuclei in mother liquor. The effects of synthetic temperature, synthetic period and addition amount of parent zeolite on the formation of hollow zeolite have been investigated and the effect of synthetic conditions on the defects in parent zeolite has been also firstly quantified. The corresponding formation mechanism has been proposed. The abundant inner defects provided by the zeolite synthesized at 130 °C for 1 day and large amount of TPAOH remaining in mother liquid are conducive to the formation of hollow zeolite. Meanwhile, both parent zeolite and nuclei (4-, 5-member rings and structure units) in mother liquid obtained at 130 °C play the crucial roles in enhancing the zeolite yield. Notably, Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles could decompose into small fragments by the interaction with nuclei in mother liquid. Partial ultra-small Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles would be encapsulated in cavity and the rest could be inserted in the zeolite framework, which is significantly different from the conventional dissolution-recrystallization mechanism. The obtained encapsulated catalyst shows the superior catalytic performance and stability in phenol and tetracycline degradation reactions.
基金This study was funded by Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,National Key R&D Programme of China(2017YFC1310901,2016YFC0901002,2017YFC1307905,and 2015BAI12B00)the Youth Programme(QML20180501)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81801152)Beijing Talents Project(2018000021223ZK03 and 2018A13).
文摘China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the world.The death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100000,accounting for 1.57 million deaths in 2018.It ranked third among the leading causes of death behind malignant tumours and heart disease.The age-standardised prevalence and incidence of stroke in 2013 were 1114.8 per 100000 population and 246.8 per 100000 person-years,respectively.According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017,the years of life lost(YLLs)per 100000 population for stroke increased by 14.6%;YLLs due to stroke rose from third highest among all causes in 1990 to the highest in 2017.The absolute numbers and rates per 100000 population for all-age disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for stroke increased substantially between 1990 and 2017,and stroke was the leading cause of all-age DALYs in 2017.The main contributors to cerebrovascular diseases include behavioural risk factors(smoking and alcohol use)and pre-existing conditions(hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation(AF)).The most prevalent risk factors among stroke survivors were hypertension(63.0%-84.2%)and smoking(31.7%-47.6%).The least prevalent was AF(2.7%-7.4%).The prevalences for major risk factors for stroke are high and most have increased over time.Based on the latest national epidemiological data,26.6%of adults aged≥15 years(307.6 million adults)smoked tobacco products.For those aged≥18 years,age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 25.2%;adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was 5.8%;and the standardised prevalence of diabetes was 10.9%.For those aged≥40 years,the standardised prevalence of AF was 2.31%.Data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System showed that 3010204 inpatients with stroke were admitted to 1853 tertiary care hospitals during 2018.Of those,2466785(81.9%)were ischaemic strokes(ISs);447609(14.9%)were intracerebral haemorrhages(ICHs);and 95810(3.2%)were subarachnoid haemorrhages(SAHs).The average age of patients admitted was 66 years old,and nearly 60%were male.A total of 1555(0.1%),2774(0.6%)and 1347(1.4%)paediatric strokes(age<18 years)were identified among IS,ICH and SAH,respectively.Over one-third(1063892(35.3%))of the patients were covered by urban resident basic medical insurance,followed by urban employee basic medical insurance(699513(23.2%))and new rural cooperative medical schema(489361(16.3%)).The leading risk factor was hypertension(67.4%for IS,77.2%for ICH and 49.1%for SAH),and the leading comorbidity was pneumonia or pulmonary infection(10.1%for IS,31.4%for ICH and 25.2%for SAH).In-hospital death/discharge against medical advice rate was 8.3%for stroke inpatients,ranging from 5.8%for IS to 19.5%for ICH.The median and IQR of length of stay was 10.0(7.0-14.0)days,ranging from 10.0(7.0-13.0)in IS to 14.0(8.0-22.0)in SAH.Data from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance demonstrated that the composite scores of guideline-recommended key performance indicators for patients with IS,ICH and SAH were 0.77±0.21,0.72±0.28 and 0.59±0.32,respectively.
基金This research was supported by the National Institution for Nutrition and Health and Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionThis work was funded by the National Scientific and Technological Basic Resources Investigation Program“Research and application of nutrition and health system for children aged 0–18 years in China”(2017FY101107).
文摘Background A better understanding of the role of exercise and nutrition in bone health is significant for preventing osteoporosis.The aim of this review was to assess the combined effects of physical activity and calcium intake on improving bone mineral density in children and adolescents.Methods A search of electronic databases(MedLine,ISI Web of Science,Science Direct)and the literature references were performed.Randomized controlled trials published between 1997 and 2017,evaluating the effect of both physical activity and calcium intake intervention on bone mineral density or bone mineral content among children aged 3–18 years were selected.The Improved Jadad Rating Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.Study characteristics were summarized in accordance with the review’s PICO criteria.Changes in bone mineral content were detected at several different bone sites.Results A total of nine studies involving 908 participants were included in this review.The combined intervention of physical activity and calcium increased bone mineral in children and adolescents,especially when baseline calcium intake level was low and among participants on the stage of early puberty.Conclusions Regular physical activity combined with high level of calcium intake is beneficial for bone health in young population.Further research is needed to evaluate the dose–response associations and long-term effects of the interaction between physical activity and calcium intake.
