This study investigated the formation mechanism of new grains due to twin–twin intersections in a coarse-grained Mg–6Al–3Sn–2Zn alloy during different strain rates of an isothermal compression.The results of elect...This study investigated the formation mechanism of new grains due to twin–twin intersections in a coarse-grained Mg–6Al–3Sn–2Zn alloy during different strain rates of an isothermal compression.The results of electron backscattered diffraction investigations showed that the activated twins were primarily{1012}tension twins,and 60°<1010>boundaries formed due to twin–twin intersections under different strain rates.Isolated twin variants with 60°<1010>boundaries transformed into new grains through lattice rotations at a low strain rate(0.01 s^(−1)).At a high strain rate(10 s^(−1)),the regions surrounded by subgrain boundaries through high-density dislocation arrangement and the 60°<1010>boundaries transformed into new grains via dynamic recrystallization.展开更多
Bone mass is maintained by the balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-triggered bone formation.In inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),however,increased osteoclast differe...Bone mass is maintained by the balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-triggered bone formation.In inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),however,increased osteoclast differentiation and activity skew this balance resulting in progressive bone loss.O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification with attachment of a single O-linkedβ-D-N-acetylglucosamine(O-GlcNAc)residue to serine or threonine residues of target proteins.Although O-GlcNAcylation is one of the most common protein modifications,its role in bone homeostasis has not been systematically investigated.We demonstrate that dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation are required for osteoclastogenesis.Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes osteoclast differentiation during the early stages,whereas its downregulation is required for osteoclast maturation.At the molecular level,O-GlcNAcylation affects several pathways including oxidative phosphorylation and cell-cell fusion.TNFαfosters the dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation to promote osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis.Targeted pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase(OGT)or O-GlcNAcase(OGA)arrests osteoclast differentiation during early stages of differentiation and during later maturation,respectively,and ameliorates bone loss in experimental arthritis.Knockdown of NUP153,an O-GlcNAcylation target,has similar effects as OGT inhibition and inhibits osteoclastogenesis.These findings highlight an important role of O-GlcNAcylation in osteoclastogenesis and may offer the potential to therapeutically interfere with pathologic bone resorption.展开更多
Cu-catalyzed endo-selective asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with ethenesulfonyl fluorides(ESFs) was successfully developed, this protocol provided an efficient and facile method to a wide ran...Cu-catalyzed endo-selective asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with ethenesulfonyl fluorides(ESFs) was successfully developed, this protocol provided an efficient and facile method to a wide range of chiral pyrrolidine-3-sulfonyl fluorides with good to excellent results(up to 87% yield,>20:1 dr, 94% ee). Some other chiral sulfonyl derivatives, such as sulfonamide and sulfonate, were easily accessible through simple transformations with high yields, which demonstrated that the cycloaddition products could be synthetically useful in the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange(Su FEx) chemistry.展开更多
基金support from the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Project No.2019GGX102060).
文摘This study investigated the formation mechanism of new grains due to twin–twin intersections in a coarse-grained Mg–6Al–3Sn–2Zn alloy during different strain rates of an isothermal compression.The results of electron backscattered diffraction investigations showed that the activated twins were primarily{1012}tension twins,and 60°<1010>boundaries formed due to twin–twin intersections under different strain rates.Isolated twin variants with 60°<1010>boundaries transformed into new grains through lattice rotations at a low strain rate(0.01 s^(−1)).At a high strain rate(10 s^(−1)),the regions surrounded by subgrain boundaries through high-density dislocation arrangement and the 60°<1010>boundaries transformed into new grains via dynamic recrystallization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51871128,51875300)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2018MEE017)+1 种基金Local Science and Technology Development Projects Guided by the Central Government,China(No.YDZX20203700003578)2021 Major Industrial Key Project of Transformation of Old and New Driving Forces in Shandong Province,China。
基金financial support provided by the following grants and institutions:Grants DI 1537/7-1, DI 1537/8-1, DI 1537/9-1, DI 1537/9-2, DI 1537/11-1,DI 1537/12-1, DI 1537/13-1, DI 1537/14-1, DI 1537/17-1, DI 1537/20-1, DI 1537/22-1,MA 9219/2-1, RA 2506/3-1 and ZH 809/2-1 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG, German Research Foundation)SFB CRC1181 (project C01)+10 种基金SFB TR221/project number 324392634 (B04) and project number 52732026 of the DFGgrants J40, J82,A79 and A64 of the IZKF in Erlangengrant 2013.056.1 of the Wilhelm-SanderFoundationgrants 2014_A47 and 2014_A184 of the Else-Kr?ner-Fresenius-Foundationgrant 14-12-17-1-Bergmann, 21-07-23-1-Gy?rfi19-12-06-1-Matei of the ELAN-Foundation Erlangen,MASCARA program/TP2 (01EC1903A) of Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)China Scholarship Councilresearch Award of the German Scleroderma Foundation (Deutsche Stiftung Sklerodermie)Edith Busch Stiftunga Career Support Award of Medicine of the Ernst Jung FoundationOpen Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL。
文摘Bone mass is maintained by the balance between osteoclast-induced bone resorption and osteoblast-triggered bone formation.In inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA),however,increased osteoclast differentiation and activity skew this balance resulting in progressive bone loss.O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification with attachment of a single O-linkedβ-D-N-acetylglucosamine(O-GlcNAc)residue to serine or threonine residues of target proteins.Although O-GlcNAcylation is one of the most common protein modifications,its role in bone homeostasis has not been systematically investigated.We demonstrate that dynamic changes in O-GlcNAcylation are required for osteoclastogenesis.Increased O-GlcNAcylation promotes osteoclast differentiation during the early stages,whereas its downregulation is required for osteoclast maturation.At the molecular level,O-GlcNAcylation affects several pathways including oxidative phosphorylation and cell-cell fusion.TNFαfosters the dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation to promote osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory arthritis.Targeted pharmaceutical or genetic inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase(OGT)or O-GlcNAcase(OGA)arrests osteoclast differentiation during early stages of differentiation and during later maturation,respectively,and ameliorates bone loss in experimental arthritis.Knockdown of NUP153,an O-GlcNAcylation target,has similar effects as OGT inhibition and inhibits osteoclastogenesis.These findings highlight an important role of O-GlcNAcylation in osteoclastogenesis and may offer the potential to therapeutically interfere with pathologic bone resorption.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21772147, 22071186, 22071187)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2020CFA036)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. SKB2019041078)The Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities of China (111 Project) is also appreciated。
文摘Cu-catalyzed endo-selective asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with ethenesulfonyl fluorides(ESFs) was successfully developed, this protocol provided an efficient and facile method to a wide range of chiral pyrrolidine-3-sulfonyl fluorides with good to excellent results(up to 87% yield,>20:1 dr, 94% ee). Some other chiral sulfonyl derivatives, such as sulfonamide and sulfonate, were easily accessible through simple transformations with high yields, which demonstrated that the cycloaddition products could be synthetically useful in the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange(Su FEx) chemistry.
