Abstract Nogo-66 plays a central role in the myelin- mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Tau is a micro- tubule-associated protein involved in microtubule assembly and stabilization. It remains unverified whethe...Abstract Nogo-66 plays a central role in the myelin- mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Tau is a micro- tubule-associated protein involved in microtubule assembly and stabilization. It remains unverified whether tau inter- acts directly with growth factor receptors, or engages in cross-talk with regeneration inhibitors like Nogo-66. Here, we report that plasmid overexpression of tau significantly elevated the protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated tau, and microtubule-affinity regulating kinase （MARK）. Nogo- 66 transiently elevated the total tau protein level and per- sistently reduced the level of p-s262 tau （tau phosphory- lated at serine 262）, whereas it had little influence on the level of p-T205 tau （tau phosphorylated at threonine 205）. Nogo-66 significantly decreased the protein level of MARK. Hymenialdisine, an inhibitor of MARK, signifi- cantly reduced the level of p-S262 tau. Overexpression of tau rescued the Nogo-66-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cortical neurons. However, 2a （N2a） cells and primary concomitant inhibition ofMARK abolished the rescue of neurite outgrowth by tan in N2a cells. We conclude that dephosphorylation of tau at S262 is able to regulate Nogo-66 signaling, and that overexpression of tau can rescue the Nogo-66-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth in vitro.展开更多
Convergence and analytic extension are of fundamental importance in the mathematical construction and study of conformal field theory.The author reviews some main convergence results,conjectures and problems in the co...Convergence and analytic extension are of fundamental importance in the mathematical construction and study of conformal field theory.The author reviews some main convergence results,conjectures and problems in the construction and study of conformal field theories using the representation theory of vertex operator algebras.He also reviews the related analytic extension results,conjectures and problems.He discusses the convergence and analytic extensions of products of intertwining operators(chiral conformal fields)and of q-traces and pseudo-q-traces of products of intertwining operators.He also discusses the convergence results related to the sewing operation and the determinant line bundle and a higher-genus convergence result.He then explains conjectures and problems on the convergence and analytic extensions in orbifold conformal field theory and in the cohomology theory of vertex operator algebras.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371380 and 31171028)
文摘Abstract Nogo-66 plays a central role in the myelin- mediated inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Tau is a micro- tubule-associated protein involved in microtubule assembly and stabilization. It remains unverified whether tau inter- acts directly with growth factor receptors, or engages in cross-talk with regeneration inhibitors like Nogo-66. Here, we report that plasmid overexpression of tau significantly elevated the protein levels of total tau, phosphorylated tau, and microtubule-affinity regulating kinase （MARK）. Nogo- 66 transiently elevated the total tau protein level and per- sistently reduced the level of p-s262 tau （tau phosphory- lated at serine 262）, whereas it had little influence on the level of p-T205 tau （tau phosphorylated at threonine 205）. Nogo-66 significantly decreased the protein level of MARK. Hymenialdisine, an inhibitor of MARK, signifi- cantly reduced the level of p-S262 tau. Overexpression of tau rescued the Nogo-66-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cortical neurons. However, 2a （N2a） cells and primary concomitant inhibition ofMARK abolished the rescue of neurite outgrowth by tan in N2a cells. We conclude that dephosphorylation of tau at S262 is able to regulate Nogo-66 signaling, and that overexpression of tau can rescue the Nogo-66-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth in vitro.
文摘Convergence and analytic extension are of fundamental importance in the mathematical construction and study of conformal field theory.The author reviews some main convergence results,conjectures and problems in the construction and study of conformal field theories using the representation theory of vertex operator algebras.He also reviews the related analytic extension results,conjectures and problems.He discusses the convergence and analytic extensions of products of intertwining operators(chiral conformal fields)and of q-traces and pseudo-q-traces of products of intertwining operators.He also discusses the convergence results related to the sewing operation and the determinant line bundle and a higher-genus convergence result.He then explains conjectures and problems on the convergence and analytic extensions in orbifold conformal field theory and in the cohomology theory of vertex operator algebras.
