Epithelial-mesenchymal transition status of circulating tumor cells in breast cancer and its clinical relevance

Objective:Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)play a critical role in cancer metastasis,but their prevalence and significance remain unclear.This study attempted to track the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)status of CTCs in breast cancer patients and investigate their clinical relevance.Methods:In this study,the established negFACS-IF:E/M platform was applied to isolate rare CTCs and characterize their EMT status in breast cancer.A total of 89 breast cancer patients were recruited,including stage 0–III(n=60)and late stage(n=29)cases.Results:Using the negFACS-IF:E/M platform,it was found that in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)+patients,mesenchymal CTCs usually exhibited a high percentage of HER2+cells.Stage IV breast cancer patients had considerably more CTCs than stage 0–III patients.Among stage 0–III breast cancers,the HER2 subtype included a significantly higher percentage of mesenchymal and biphenotypic(epithelial and mesenchymal)CTCs than the luminal A or B subtypes.Among stage IV patients,CTCs were predominantly epithelial in cases with local recurrence and were more mesenchymal in cases with distant metastasis.By applying a support vector machine(SVM)algorithm,the EMT status of CTCs could distinguish between breast cancer cases with metastasis/local recurrence and those without recurrence.Conclusions:The negFACS-IF:E/M platform provides a flexible and generally acceptable method for the highly sensitive and specific detection of CTCs and their EMT traits in breast cancer.This study demonstrated that the EMT status of CTCs had high clinical relevance in breast cancer,especially in predicting the distant metastasis or local recurrence of breast cancer.

Dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ(DPP Ⅳ):a novel emerging target for thetreatment of type 2 diabetes

The enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV（DPP IV）, is a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition improves the impaired insulin secretion and decrease postprandial concentrations of glucagon by enhancing the incretin hormone levels lucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1） and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/gastric inhibitory polypeptide（GIP）. Recently, DPP IV inhibitors have attracted more and more attention, several of which have entered pre-clinical and clinical trials, and one has received approval for use as an anti-diabetic agent. Among the DPP IV inhibitors, two leading agents（sitagliptin and vildagliptin） have been shown to be effective in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin（HbAlc） and fasting plasma glucose（FPG） in patients with type 2 diabetes. This review summarizes the evidence supporting DPP IV inhibitors as potential antidiabetic agents.

Anomaly distribution of ionospheric total electron content responses to some solar flares

Previous studies have shown that the ionospheric responses to a solar flare are significantly dependent on the solar zenith angle(SZA):the ionospheric responses are negatively related to the SZAs.The largest enhancement in electron density always occurs around the subsolar point.However,from 2001 to 2014,the global distribution of total electron content(TEC)responses showed no obvious relationship between the increases in TEC and the SZA during some solar flares.During these solar flares,the greatest enhancements in TEC did not appear around the subsolar point,but rather far away from the subsolar point.The distribution of TEC enhancements showed larger TEC enhancements along the same latitude.The distribution of anomalous ionospheric responses to the solar flares was not structured the same as traveling ionospheric disturbances.This anomaly distribution was also unrelated to the distribution of background neutral density.It could not be explained by changes in the photochemical process induced by the solar flares.Thus,the transport process could be one of the main reasons for the anomaly distribution of ionospheric responses to the solar flares.This anomaly distribution also suggests that not only the photochemical process but also the transport process could significantly affect the variation in ionospheric electron density during some solar flares.

Effect of Balanced Application of Potash Fertilizer on the Yield of Rice Yongyou 15 and Soil Nutrient Content

By the field experiment,we set up the treatments of non-application of potash fertilizer,conventional fertilization,balanced fertilization and halved application of potash fertilizer,and studied the effect of different treatments on rice yield and soil nutrient content. The results showed that compared with non-application of potash fertilizer,conventional fertilization and balanced fertilization significantly increased the spike length,thousand kernel weight,yield and total potassium content of the stalk,as well as soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available phosphorus content; compared with conventional fertilization,the balanced fertilization did not significantly increase the rice growth and yield,but effectively increased rice grain total nitrogen,stalk total nitrogen and total phosphorus content,as well as soil available phosphorus and available potassium content. It could be found that potash fertilizer played a certain role in increasing rice yield and soil nutrient content,and the balanced fertilization had the most significant effect.

Fertilization Status and Soil Nutrient Condition in Some Asparagus Production Regions of Zhejiang Province

Asparagus is delicious,with rich nutrition,and it is one of main economic crops in Zhejiang Province.In this paper,by investigating fertilization situations of farmers in several asparagus production regions(Fuyang,Pinghu,Changxing and Cixi) and soil nutrient condition of asparagus garden with different plantation years,fertilization status and nutrient condition of asparagus garden were described,and fertilization suggestion was proposed,which aimed to guide scientific fertilization of asparagus and promote healthy development of industry.

Hybrid hydrovoltaic electricity generation driven by water evaporation

Water evaporation is a ubiquitous natural process exploiting thermal energy from ambient environment.Hydrovoltaic technologies emerged in recent years offer one prospective route to generate electricity from water evaporation,which has long been overlooked.Herein,we developed a hybrid hydrovoltaic generator driven by natural water evaporation,integrating an“evaporation motor”with an evaporation-electricity device and a droplet-electricity device.A rotary motion of the“evaporation motor”relies on phase change of ethanol driven by water-evaporation induced temperature gradient.This motion enables the evaporation-electricity device to work under a beneficial water-film operation mode to produce output of~4 V and~0.2μA,as well as propels the droplet-electricity device to convert mechanical energy into pulsed output of~100 V and~0.2 mA.As different types of hydrovoltaic devices require distinctive stimuli,it was challenging to make them work simultaneously,especially under one single driving force.We here for the first time empower two types of hydrovoltaic devices solely by omnipresent water evaporation.Therefore,this work presents a new pathway to exploiting water evaporation-associated ambient thermal energy and provides insights on developing hybrid hydrovoltaic generators.

Safety and Current Status of the COVID-19 Vaccine among Patients with Breast cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study from China

In this study,we aimed to explore the safety and vaccination coverage data of Chinese patients with breast cancer receiving coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccination.The patients were recruited from 41 hospitals across 20 Chinese provinces.The vaccination coverage was approximately 22.4%,and the frequency of total adverse events was 13.3%after the first dose and 9.9%after the second dose.The most frequent adverse reaction within 14 days of the first dose was local pain(5.7%).Unvaccinated patients were very likely to reject the vaccine rather than be hesitant in patients with old age(odds ratio[OR],1.238;95%confidence interval[CI],1.101-1.391),chronic disease history(OR,1.189;95%CI,1.057-1.337),and cancer relapse(OR,1.398;95%CI,1.233-1.585).Of the unvaccinated patients with breast cancer,54.1%opted to receive COVID-19 vaccines if more data were available.Considering the safety but low vaccination coverage for breast cancer,increased positive attitudes and acceptance toward COVID-19 vaccines are important.

MUS Model:A Deep Learning-Based Architecture for IoT Intrusion Detection

In the face of the effective popularity of the Internet of Things(IoT),but the frequent occurrence of cybersecurity incidents,various cybersecurity protection means have been proposed and applied.Among them,Intrusion Detection System(IDS)has been proven to be stable and efficient.However,traditional intrusion detection methods have shortcomings such as lowdetection accuracy and inability to effectively identifymalicious attacks.To address the above problems,this paper fully considers the superiority of deep learning models in processing highdimensional data,and reasonable data type conversion methods can extract deep features and detect classification using advanced computer vision techniques to improve classification accuracy.TheMarkov TransformField(MTF)method is used to convert 1Dnetwork traffic data into 2D images,and then the converted 2D images are filtered by UnsharpMasking to enhance the image details by sharpening;to further improve the accuracy of data classification and detection,unlike using the existing high-performance baseline image classification models,a soft-voting integrated model,which integrates three deep learning models,MobileNet,VGGNet and ResNet,to finally obtain an effective IoT intrusion detection architecture:the MUS model.Four types of experiments are conducted on the publicly available intrusion detection dataset CICIDS2018 and the IoT network traffic dataset N_BaIoT,and the results demonstrate that the accuracy of attack traffic detection is greatly improved,which is not only applicable to the IoT intrusion detection environment,but also to different types of attacks and different network environments,which confirms the effectiveness of the work done.

Circulating tumor cells:biology and clinical significance

Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are tumor cells that have sloughed off the primary tumor and extravasate into and circulate in the blood.Understanding of the metastatic cascade of CTCs has tremendous potential for the identification of targets against cancer metastasis.Detecting these very rare CTCs among the massive blood cells is challenging.However,emerging technologies for CTCs detection have profoundly contributed to deepening investigation into the biology of CTCs and have facilitated their clinical application.Current technologies for the detection of CTCs are summarized herein,together with their advantages and disadvantages.The detection of CTCs is usually dependent on molecular markers,with the epithelial cell adhesion molecule being the most widely used,although molecular markers vary between different types of cancer.Properties associated with epithelial-tomesenchymal transition and stemness have been identified in CTCs,indicating their increased metastatic capacity.Only a small proportion of CTCs can survive and eventually initiate metastases,suggesting that an interaction and modulation between CTCs and the hostile blood microenvironment is essential for CTC metastasis.Single-cell sequencing of CTCs has been extensively investigated,and has enabled researchers to reveal the genome and transcriptome of CTCs.Herein,we also review the clinical applications of CTCs,especially for monitoring response to cancer treatment and in evaluating prognosis.Hence,CTCs have and will continue to contribute to providing significant insights into metastatic processes and will open new avenues for useful clinical applications.

CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer

Purpose:Breast cancer is now the most common malignant tumor worldwide.About one-fourth of female cancer patients all over the world sufer from breast cancer.And about one in six female cancer deaths worldwide is caused by breast cancer.In terms of absolute numbers of cases and deaths,China ranks frst in the world.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer were edited to help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods:The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to classify evidence and consensus.Results:The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Breast Cancer include the epidemiology of breast cancer,breast cancer screening,breast cancer diagnosis,early breast cancer treatment,advanced breast cancer treatment,follow-up,rehabilitation,and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of breast cancer patients.Conclusion:We to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.