Objective In order to explore the features of discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in rural areas, a community-based intervention was carried out in two pilot communities of X County of Shanxi Province from Se...Objective In order to explore the features of discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in rural areas, a community-based intervention was carried out in two pilot communities of X County of Shanxi Province from September 2002 to October 2003. Methods Data were collected using qualitative methods (in-depth interview and focus group discussion) and anonymously structured questionnaires. Results (1) Severe discrimination against people infected with HIV/AIDS was revealed in the target communities. However, the response to HIV/AIDS was different in each community. (2) People were reluctant to disclose their HIV status or get tested for HIV, which endangered their sexual partners to contract HIV through unprotected sexual intercourses. (3) Attitudes towards people infected with HIV/AIDS varied. (4) Public education promoted a better understanding of HIV/AIDS which in turn improved community attitudes and behaviors towards people with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion HIV/AIDS-related discrimination undermines both individuals and communities responses to HIV/AIDS and may be a serious obstacle towards effective HIV/AIDS prevention and control.展开更多
We develop a neuro-knowledge-based expert system (NKBES) frame in this work. The system mainly concerns with decision of gating system and die casting machine based on a neuro-inference engine launched under the MATLA...We develop a neuro-knowledge-based expert system (NKBES) frame in this work. The system mainly concerns with decision of gating system and die casting machine based on a neuro-inference engine launched under the MATLAB software environment. For enhancement of reasoning agility, an error back-propagation neural network was applied. A rapidly convergent adaptive learning rate (ALR) and a momentum-based error back-propagation algorithm was used to conduct neuro-reasoning. The working effect of the system was compared to a conventional expert system that is based on a two-way (forward and backward) chaining inference mechanism. As the reference, the present paper provided the neural networks sum-squared error (S5E) and ALR vs iterative epoch curves of process planning case mentioned above. The study suggests that the neuro-modeling optimization application to die casting process design has good feasibility, and based on that a novel and effective intelligent expert system can be launched at low cost.展开更多
基金The project was funded by NGO section related to Health Ⅸ Project, the World Bank Loan.
文摘Objective In order to explore the features of discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in rural areas, a community-based intervention was carried out in two pilot communities of X County of Shanxi Province from September 2002 to October 2003. Methods Data were collected using qualitative methods (in-depth interview and focus group discussion) and anonymously structured questionnaires. Results (1) Severe discrimination against people infected with HIV/AIDS was revealed in the target communities. However, the response to HIV/AIDS was different in each community. (2) People were reluctant to disclose their HIV status or get tested for HIV, which endangered their sexual partners to contract HIV through unprotected sexual intercourses. (3) Attitudes towards people infected with HIV/AIDS varied. (4) Public education promoted a better understanding of HIV/AIDS which in turn improved community attitudes and behaviors towards people with HIV/AIDS. Conclusion HIV/AIDS-related discrimination undermines both individuals and communities responses to HIV/AIDS and may be a serious obstacle towards effective HIV/AIDS prevention and control.
文摘We develop a neuro-knowledge-based expert system (NKBES) frame in this work. The system mainly concerns with decision of gating system and die casting machine based on a neuro-inference engine launched under the MATLAB software environment. For enhancement of reasoning agility, an error back-propagation neural network was applied. A rapidly convergent adaptive learning rate (ALR) and a momentum-based error back-propagation algorithm was used to conduct neuro-reasoning. The working effect of the system was compared to a conventional expert system that is based on a two-way (forward and backward) chaining inference mechanism. As the reference, the present paper provided the neural networks sum-squared error (S5E) and ALR vs iterative epoch curves of process planning case mentioned above. The study suggests that the neuro-modeling optimization application to die casting process design has good feasibility, and based on that a novel and effective intelligent expert system can be launched at low cost.
