Unconventional Designs for Functional Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

Sodium-sulfur(Na–S)batteries that utilize earth-abundant materials of Na and S have been one of the hottest topics in battery research.The low cost and high energy density make them promising candidates for next-generation storage technologies as required in the grid and renewable energy.In recent years,extensive efforts have been devoted to the diversity and functionalities of Na–S batteries,aiming to extend their potential applications across multiple temporal and spatial dimensions.Here,we summarize the unconventional designs for the functionalities of Na–S batteries such as flexible batteries,solid-state cells,flame resistance,and operation at extreme temperatures.By highlighting these design strategies that help to realize the functionalities,we hope this review offers a pathway to foster the bright future of Na–S batteries in diverse applications.

The Positive Effects of Physical Exercise on Mental Health Among Chinese Students Under Great Competitive Pressure

Under an environment full of competitive stress,students tend to form negative emotions,and the time for them to engage in physical exercise is greatly limited due to overwhelming academic tasks.Therefore,in this paper,we focus on acknowledging the purpose of physical exercise,and how physical exercise affects the mental health of students under stressful circumstances but not in the context of leisure.Questionnaire was distributed to participants with an average age of 20,to investigate their preference,frequency,and reason for exercising,and their attitude towards it.Our results showed that participants think that exercise can strengthen the body,relieve stress,improve fitness and interpersonal relationship regardless of their purpose such as interests,emotional necessity and even out of non-subjective ideas.In conclusion,physical exercise helped to improve students’mental health especially under great pressure and ultimately,it will enhance their academics and bring about the unity of mind and body.

A Study on Yeast Using the Photoreactivation Process to Repair the Pyrimidine Dimer Mutations

Sunlight has an indispensable importance for living things in nature[1-3].However,the direct absorption of UV will lead to the formation of pyrimidine dimers between adjacent pyrimidines in DNA strands usually in the form of cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers(CPDs)and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts(6-4PPs)which causes great damage[4-6].A DNA repair system,known as photoreactivation,can effectively repair the dimers using photolyase[7-9],which has currently been found in plants,prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells[10-12].This study was carried out to determine whether photolyase DNA repair can be observed in yeast.Several yeast Petri dishes were treated with ultraviolet radiation,different treatments were then added to them,and the colonies were counted after culturing,hence verifying that yeasts can use the photoreactivation process.

沉积物古DNA探秘灭绝古人类演化

古DNA领域首次从世界不同洞穴遗址的沉积物里提取古核基因组以揭示相关物种演化的突破性进展,标志着沉积物古DNA研究正式进入全基因组时代。近期,一种新的沉积物古核DNA富集方法成功从西班牙Estatuas洞穴沉积物里捕获多个尼安德特人的核DNA,揭示该灭绝古人类群体此前未知的人口更替的历史。沉积物古核DNA富集突破了古DNA研究依赖化石材料的限制,为深入探究远古不同人类群体在更宏大时空框架下迁徙、演化与适应的历史提供了更多可能。由此,本文将着重解读该研究带来的对尼安德特人遗传历史的新认识及其方法创新的重要意义;此外还将结合人类化石DNA及其他沉积物研究所发现的灭绝古人类线粒体DNA证据,厘清尼安德特人的种群多样性及其种群间分离或替代的历史。

基于天牛检测的电子鼻系统设计

天牛是危害园林植物的主要害虫之一,植物被侵害后会产生气体。本文基于电化学气体传感器阵列、信号调理、数据采集及计算机Labview处理模块设计构建电子鼻系统;并介绍了系统的总体结构,传感器阵列、硬件电路、软件设计;最后通过配置不同气体对系统进行了定性识别实验,结果表明,所设计的电子鼻系统对天牛所产生的气体辨识率可达90%以上。

Aptamer-Based Antibiotic Electrochemical Detection Platform Using Portable Plastic Gold Electrode and Multichannel Chip

The development of accurate,rapid and practical electrochemical sensing technology for antibiotic detection has an important application prospect in many fields such as food safety,environmental monitoring,medical and health care.In this research,kanamycin specific DNA aptamer and its partially complementary short chain were self-assembled onto the surface of an integrated portable plastic gold electrode(PGE)by Au-s bond,and a simple kanamycin electrochemical biosensor interface was constructed.At the same time,the epoxy resin channel layer was designed,and the auxiliary instrument was set up independently in the laboratory,which could help to measure and analyze eight groups of samples automatically in turn.The quantitative analysis results showed that in 20 min,the sensor had a good linear relationship between the peak current change of square wave voltammetry and the negative logarithm of kanamycin concentration when kanamycin concentration was in the range of 1-10o0μmol/L,and the detection limit could reach 0.40μmol/L.In addition,the discrimination could be achieved within 5 min in the real-time analysis mode.The sensor had a simple construction method,good selectivity and stability,and could be used for rapid or real-time detection of kanamycin residues in actual water samples,which provided a new direction for the practical detection of kanamycin in environmental watersamples.

Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years

The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human activity.Here,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in Tibet.The phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a,M9a1b,D4g2,G2a’c,and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle Holocene.In addition,the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years,with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BPe3000 BP,and a weakened connection after 3000 BP,that are coincident with climate change,followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period(1400 BPe1100 BP).Besides,an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal lineages.We also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan populations.Overall,the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography,climate changes,as well as historical events.

与标准古DNA实验方案相关的污染物评估

Ancient DNA(aDNA)techniques have rapidly evolved in the past decade,including the introduction of next-generation sequencing(NGS)techniques,the modification and optimization of various protocols to extract highly degraded DNA,and the incorporation of these molecules into sequencing libraries[1].Two major milestones are the application of single-stranded DNA library construction protocol and the automation of lab work using liquid handling robots[1].

糖基聚集诱导发光材料的研究进展

聚集诱导发光材料具有优异的光学性质,在传感检测等领域具有广泛用途.由于大部分聚集诱导发光类荧光基团具有很强的疏水性,一定程度上限制了其应用范围.近五年,基于糖类分子结构多样和水溶性好的优势,我们课题组将多种糖类物质和聚集诱导发光分子偶联,制备出一系列糖基聚集诱导发光材料.该类材料有很好的水溶性和生物相容性,能够降低背景荧光和生物毒性.通过和目标检测物结合或者反应,实现了对多种生物活性分子的荧光检测和细胞成像.本文综述了近年来糖基聚集诱导发光材料领域的重要研究进展,以进一步拓展聚集诱导发光材料的应用领域,为生物活性物质功能监测和糖化学生物学的研究等提供有效的研究工具.

Long-and short-chain AHLs affect AOA and AOB microbial community composition and ammonia oxidation rate in activated sludge

Quorum sensing(QS)regulation of the composition of ammonia-oxidising archaea(AOA)and ammonia-oxidising bacteria(AOB)communities and functions in wastewater treatment was investigated.Specifically,we explored the role of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones(AHLs)in microbial community dynamics in activated sludge.On average,the specific ammoniaoxidising-rate increased from 1.6 to 2.8 mg NH_4^+-N/g MLSS/hr after treatment with long-chain AHLs for 16 days,and the addition of AHLs to sludge resulted in an increased number of AOA/AOB amoA genes.Significant differences were observed in the AOA communities of control and AHL-treated cultures,but not the AOB community.Furthermore,the dominant functional AOA strains of the Crenarchaeota altered their ecological niche in response to AHL addition.These results provide evidence that AHLs play an important role in mediating AOA/AOB microbial community parameters and demonstrate the potential for application of QS to the regulation of nitrogen compound metabolism in wastewater treatment.

距今9500~1800年前的山东地区人群母系遗传结构

山东是中国北部沿海地区的一个多元文化中心,此前有考古和古DNA研究表明山东人群的祖先和东亚南方以及北方人群有关,但是相关研究所涉及样本的时间和地理范围有限,不能动态了解该地区的人群遗传历史.本研究首次针对山东古代人群展开大规模的线粒体基因组研究,捕获测序了来自山东12个考古遗址的、距今9500至1800年的86个人类线粒体全基因组,在大时空框架下揭示山东人群在不同时期的遗传特点与动态变化.在早于距今4600年的个体中,我们发现了在现今东亚南、北方人群中常见的单倍体群D4、D5、B4c1和B5b2.而在晚于距今4600年的个体中,开始出现单倍群C(C7a1和C7b)、M9(M9a1)和F(F1a1、F2a和F4a1),这表明山东古代人群的母系遗传结构从龙山文化早期就开始发生变化.此外,研究发现在山东地区内部,沿海和内陆地区之间的人群可能在距今约3100年以来发生了基因交换.最后,我们还研究了山东古代人群中多个B5b2谱系个体,发现其中距今年代最久的扁扁洞个体可能与该谱系的某些东亚人群和北亚人群的祖先有关.通过重建山东古代人群的母系遗传结构,本研究更清晰地探究了过去约9000年来东亚北方沿海地区人群的动态历史.

MicroRNA-9 as a paradoxical but critical regulator of cancer metastasis:Implications in personalized medicine

Metastasis,is a development of secondary tumor growths at a distance from the primary site,and closely related to poor prognosis and mortality.However,there is still no effective treatment for metastatic cancer.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find an effective therapy for cancer metastasis.Plenty of evidence indicates that miR-9 can function as a promoter or suppressor in cancer metastasis and coordinate multistep of metastatic process.In this review,we summarize the different roles of miR-9 with the corresponding molecular mechanisms in metastasis of twelve common cancers and the multiple mechanisms underlying miR-9-mediated regulation of metastasis,benefiting the further research of miR-9 and metastasis,and hoping to bridge it with clinical applications.

Thermoelectric performance enhancement by manipulation of Sr/Ti doping in two sublayers of Ca_(3)Co_(4)O_(9)

Thermoelectric(TE)performance of Ca_(3)Co_(4)O_(9)(CCO)has been investigated extensively via a doping strategy in the past decades.However,the doping sites of different sublayers in CCO and their contributions to the TE performance remain unrevealed because of its strong correlated electronic system.In this work,Sr and Ti are chosen to realize doping at the[Ca_(2)CoO_(3)]and[CoO_(2)]sublayers in CCO.It was found that figure of merit(ZT)at 957 K of Ti-doped CCO was improved 30% than that of undoped CCO whereas 1 at% Sr doping brought about a 150% increase in ZT as compared to undoped CCO.The significant increase in electronic conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are attributed to the enhanced carrier concentration and spin-entropy of Co^(4+) originating from the Sr doping effects in[Ca_(2)CoO_(3)]sublayer,which are evidenced by the scanning electron microscope(SEM),Raman,Hall,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis.Furthermore,the reduced thermal conductivity is attributed to the improved phonon scattering from heavier Sr doped Ca site in[Ca_(2)CoO_(3)]sublayer.Our findings demonstrate that doping at Ca sites of[Ca_(2)CoO_(3)]layer is a feasible pathway to boost TE performance of CCO material through promoting the electronic conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient,and reducing the thermal conductivity simultaneously.This work provides a deep understanding of the current limited ZT enhancement on CCO material and provides an approach to enhance the TE performance of other layered structure materials.

Maternal genetic history of southern East Asians over the past 12,000 years

Southern East Asia,including Guangxi and Fujian provinces in China,is home to diverse ethnic groups,languages,and cultures.Previous studies suggest a high complexity regarding population dynamics and the history of southern East Asians.However,large-scale genetic studies on ancient populations in this region are hindered by limited sample preservation.Here,using highly efficient DNA capture techniques,we obtain 48 complete mitochondrial genomes of individuals from Guangxi and Fujian in China and reconstruct their maternal genetic history over the past 12,000 years.We find a strong connection between southern East Asians dating to~12,000-6000 years ago and present-day Southeast Asians.In addition,stronger genetic affinities to northern East Asians are observed in historical southern East Asians than Neolithic southern East Asians,suggesting increased interactions between northern and southern East Asians over time.Overall,we reveal dynamic connections between ancient southern East Asians and populations located in surrounding regions,as well as a shift in maternal genetic structure within the populations over time.

创新管理会计 助推业财融合--以徐工集团A公司“5+2”数字化预算管理实践为例

激烈的市场竞争以及高度不确定的外部环境要求企业必须创新管理,提高应变和控制能力从而打造核心竞争优势。“5+2”数字化预算管理坚持战略导向和价值引领,严格遵循“目标一活动一因素一项目一责任”的管理逻辑,聚焦核心业努活动和关键影响因素,突出全员、全过程、全价值链,纵向到底、横向到边,优化了资源配置效率,推动经营管理向数字化转型,加强了业财融合的深度和广度,提升了企业经营管理的效率和效益。

Ancient DNA reveals the maternal genetic history of East Asian domestic pigs

Zoo-archaeological and genetic evidence suggest that pigs were domesticated independently in Central China and Eastern Anatolia along with the development of agricultural communities and civilizations.However,the genetic history of domestic pigs,especially in China,has not been fully explored.In this study,we generate 42 complete mitochondrial DNA sequences from~7500-to 2750-year-old individuals from the Yellow River basin.Our results show that the maternal genetic continuity of East Asian domestic pigs dates back to at least the Early to Middle Neolithic.In contrast,the Near Eastern ancestry in European domestic pigs saw a near-complete genomic replacement by the European wild boar.The majority of East Asian domestic pigs share close haplotypes,and the most recent common ancestor of most branches dates back to less than 20,000 years before present,inferred using new substitution rates of whole mitogenomes or combined protein-coding regions.Two major population expansion events of East Asian domestic pigs coincided with changes in climate,widespread adoption of introduced crops,and the development of agrarian societies.These findings add to our understanding of the maternal genetic composition and help to complete the picture of domestic pig evolutionary history in East Asia.

A review on emulsification via microfluidic processes

Emulsion is a disperse system with two immiscible liquids,which demonstrates wide applications in diverse industries.Emulsifcation technology has advanced well with the development of microfluidic process.Compared to conventional methods,the micro-fluidics-based process can produce controllable droplet size and distribution.The droplet formation or breakup is the result of combined effects resulting from interfacial tension,viscous,and inertial forces as well as the forces generated due to hydrodynamic pressure and extermal stimuli.In the current study,typical microfluidic systems,including microchannel array,T-shape,flow-focusing,co-flowing,and membrane systems,are reviewed and the corresponding mechanisms,fow regimes,and main parameters are compared and summarized.

Maternal genetic structure of a neolithic population of the Yangshao culture

The Yangshao culture is one of the most influential Neolithic cultures in East Asia.The populations associated with the Yangshao culture were widely distributed along the Yellow River basin and were suggested to play a profound role in the present-day East Asians.To date,the population of the Yangshao culture is largely investigated through archaeological studies.