A severe leaf spot disease on patchouli,was observed in Guangdong,China.Early symptom appeared as circular or irregularly shaped and dark brown spots along the leaf margins and tips.As the disease progressed,the spots...A severe leaf spot disease on patchouli,was observed in Guangdong,China.Early symptom appeared as circular or irregularly shaped and dark brown spots along the leaf margins and tips.As the disease progressed,the spots enlarged and with masses black,sessile conidiomata were observed in lesions.The results of morphology,molecular biology and pathogenicity test indicate that the causal agent of leaf disease of patchouli is Diaporthe arecae.展开更多
Dear Editors,Soybeans are a global commodity for their edible protein and vegetable oil.The global population is predicted to be 9.7 billion by 2050(UN,2022),with a concomitant drastic increase in protein demand.With ...Dear Editors,Soybeans are a global commodity for their edible protein and vegetable oil.The global population is predicted to be 9.7 billion by 2050(UN,2022),with a concomitant drastic increase in protein demand.With already 2.4 billion people suffering from food insecurity(FAO et al.,2023),there is an urgent need to meet future production demands for plant-based proteins.展开更多
Rice(Oryza sativa),a major staple throughout the world and a model system for plant genomics and breeding,was the first crop genome sequenced almost two decades ago.However,reference genomes for all higher organisms t...Rice(Oryza sativa),a major staple throughout the world and a model system for plant genomics and breeding,was the first crop genome sequenced almost two decades ago.However,reference genomes for all higher organisms to date contain gaps and missing sequences.Here,we report the assembly and analysis of gap-free reference genome sequences for two elite O.sativa xian/indica rice varieties,Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63,which are being used as a model system for studying heterosis and yield.Gap-free reference genomes provide the opportunity for a global view of the structure and function of centromeres.We show that all rice centromeric regions share conserved centromere-specific satellite motifs with different copy numbers and structures.In addition,the similarity of CentO repeats in the same chromosome is higher than across chromosomes,supporting a model of local expansion and homogenization.Both genomes have over 395 non-TE genes located in centromere regions,of which∼41%are actively transcribed.Two large structural variants at the end of chromosome 11 affect the copy number of resistance genes between the two genomes.The availability of the two gap-free genomes lays a solid foundation for further understanding genome structure and function in plants and breeding climate-resilient varieties.展开更多
The objective function of classical nonnegative matrix factorization （NMF） is non-convexity, which affects the obtaining of optimal solutions. In this paper, we proposed a NMF algorithm, and this algorithm was based...The objective function of classical nonnegative matrix factorization （NMF） is non-convexity, which affects the obtaining of optimal solutions. In this paper, we proposed a NMF algorithm, and this algorithm was based on the constraint of endmember spectral correlation minimization and endmember spectral difference max- imization. The size of endrnember spectral overall- correlation was measured by the correlation function, and correlation function was defined as the sum of the absolute values of every two correlation coefficient between the spectra. In the difference constraint of the endmember spectra, the mutation of matrix trace was slowed down by introducing the natural logarithm function. Combining the image decomposition error with the influences of end- member spectra, in the objective function the projection gradient was used to achieve NMF. The effectiveness of algorithm was verified by the simulated hyperspeetral images and real hyperspectral images.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province in China(2017A020213003)the Opening Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Guangdong Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GDTCMZJ201901)。
文摘A severe leaf spot disease on patchouli,was observed in Guangdong,China.Early symptom appeared as circular or irregularly shaped and dark brown spots along the leaf margins and tips.As the disease progressed,the spots enlarged and with masses black,sessile conidiomata were observed in lesions.The results of morphology,molecular biology and pathogenicity test indicate that the causal agent of leaf disease of patchouli is Diaporthe arecae.
基金supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture award 2014-33522-22531 (to M.A.S.and E.M.H.)the Start-up Fund of the Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) (to J.Z.).
文摘Dear Editors,Soybeans are a global commodity for their edible protein and vegetable oil.The global population is predicted to be 9.7 billion by 2050(UN,2022),with a concomitant drastic increase in protein demand.With already 2.4 billion people suffering from food insecurity(FAO et al.,2023),there is an urgent need to meet future production demands for plant-based proteins.
基金This research was supported by the Natinal Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100904 and 2016YFD0100802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871269)+1 种基金the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019CFA014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662020SKPY010 to J.Z.).
文摘Rice(Oryza sativa),a major staple throughout the world and a model system for plant genomics and breeding,was the first crop genome sequenced almost two decades ago.However,reference genomes for all higher organisms to date contain gaps and missing sequences.Here,we report the assembly and analysis of gap-free reference genome sequences for two elite O.sativa xian/indica rice varieties,Zhenshan 97 and Minghui 63,which are being used as a model system for studying heterosis and yield.Gap-free reference genomes provide the opportunity for a global view of the structure and function of centromeres.We show that all rice centromeric regions share conserved centromere-specific satellite motifs with different copy numbers and structures.In addition,the similarity of CentO repeats in the same chromosome is higher than across chromosomes,supporting a model of local expansion and homogenization.Both genomes have over 395 non-TE genes located in centromere regions,of which∼41%are actively transcribed.Two large structural variants at the end of chromosome 11 affect the copy number of resistance genes between the two genomes.The availability of the two gap-free genomes lays a solid foundation for further understanding genome structure and function in plants and breeding climate-resilient varieties.
文摘The objective function of classical nonnegative matrix factorization （NMF） is non-convexity, which affects the obtaining of optimal solutions. In this paper, we proposed a NMF algorithm, and this algorithm was based on the constraint of endmember spectral correlation minimization and endmember spectral difference max- imization. The size of endrnember spectral overall- correlation was measured by the correlation function, and correlation function was defined as the sum of the absolute values of every two correlation coefficient between the spectra. In the difference constraint of the endmember spectra, the mutation of matrix trace was slowed down by introducing the natural logarithm function. Combining the image decomposition error with the influences of end- member spectra, in the objective function the projection gradient was used to achieve NMF. The effectiveness of algorithm was verified by the simulated hyperspeetral images and real hyperspectral images.
