Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste(HBW).However,the imperfect separation of plas-tics in these pr...Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste(HBW).However,the imperfect separation of plas-tics in these pretreatment methods has raised concerns that they pose a secondary formation risk for microplastics(MPs).To validate this presumption,herein,quantities and properties of plastic debris and MPs larger than 50μm were examined in the full chain of three different pretreatment methods in six plants.These facilities received HBW with or without prior depackaging at the source.The key points in the secondary formation of MPs were identified.Moreover,flux estimates of MPs were released,and an analysis of MPs sources was provided to develop an overview of their fate in HBW pretreatment.Pretreated output can contain a maximum of(1673±279)to(3198±263)MP particles per kilogram of wet weight(particles·kg^(-1) ww)for those undepackaged at source,and secondary MPs formation is pri-marily attributed to biomass crushers,biohydrolysis reactors,and rough shredders.Comparatively,HBW depackaged at the source can greatly reduce MPs by 8%-72%,regardless of pretreatment processes.Before pretreatment,4.6-205.6 million MP particles were present in 100 tonnes of HBW.MPs are pro-duced at a rate of 741.11-33124.22billion MP partices annually in anaerobic digester feedstock(ADF).This study demonstrated that HBW pretreatment is a competitive source of MPs and emphasized the importance of implementing municipal solid waste segregation at the source.Furthemore,depack-aging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative effect of pre-treatment on MPs formation.展开更多
Dear editor,Due to visual impairment and lack of social attention,the reading problem of the blind has not been well resolved.Many existing Braille reading devices still have many problems and are not accepted by the ...Dear editor,Due to visual impairment and lack of social attention,the reading problem of the blind has not been well resolved.Many existing Braille reading devices still have many problems and are not accepted by the public.This paper developed a portable Braille reading system based on electrotactile display technology.The proposed system is composed of a six-channel electrotactile stimulator,a flexible electrode array for Braille display and a graphical user interface(GUI)for monitoring and control.Based on the flexibility of the system,two Braille reading strategies have been designed:spatial mode and sequential mode.The system was preliminary tested by six sighted subjects.The results showed that subjects were able to recognize Braille characters with more than 80%accuracy within less than 10 seconds for the initial use.Compared to existing Braille reading systems,this system is portable,wearable and flexible in control.展开更多
Maize is the main grain crop and important forage crop in China. The correlation between ASI and yield of maize inbred lines and whether ASI and the ASI extension time(Dct) of maize inbred lines could be used as a dir...Maize is the main grain crop and important forage crop in China. The correlation between ASI and yield of maize inbred lines and whether ASI and the ASI extension time(Dct) of maize inbred lines could be used as a direct indicator of drought resistance of maize inbred lines were explored. The results showed that the goodness of fit of ASI and Dct with DI were 0.478 and 0.829, respectively, and the ASI had an extremely significant negative correlation with yield per plant. ASI and Dct could be used as a parameter to evaluate drought resistance of maize inbred lines, but Dct was more effective than ASI in determining drought resistance index(DI) of maize inbred lines.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are one of the most urgent threats to humans worldwide,which are responsible for almost one-third of global mortality.Over the last decade,research on flexible electronics for monitoring a...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are one of the most urgent threats to humans worldwide,which are responsible for almost one-third of global mortality.Over the last decade,research on flexible electronics for monitoring and treatment of CVDs has attracted tremendous attention.In contrast to conventional medical instruments in hospitals that are usually bulky,hard to move,monofunctional,and time-consuming,flexible electronics are capable of continuous,noninvasive,real-time,and portable monitoring.Notable progress has been made in this emerging field,and thus a number of significant achievements and concomitant research prospects deserve attention for practical implementation.Here,we comprehensively review the latest progress of flexible electronics for CVDs,focusing on new functions provided by flexible electronics.First,the characteristics of CVDs and flexible electronics and the foundation of their combination are briefly reviewed.Then,four representative applications of flexible electronics for CVDs are elaborated:blood pressure(BP)monitoring,electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring,echocardiogram monitoring,and direct epicardium monitoring.Their operational principles,progress,merits and demerits,and future efforts are discussed.Finally,the remaining challenges and opportunities for flexible electronics for cardiovascular healthcare are outlined.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22276140)the Shanghai Municipal Govemment State-Owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission,China(2022028)the Key Research and Develop-ment Project of Zhejiang Province,China(2021C03024).
文摘Mechanical pretreatment is an indispensable process in biological treatment plants that remove plastics and other impurities from household biogenic waste(HBW).However,the imperfect separation of plas-tics in these pretreatment methods has raised concerns that they pose a secondary formation risk for microplastics(MPs).To validate this presumption,herein,quantities and properties of plastic debris and MPs larger than 50μm were examined in the full chain of three different pretreatment methods in six plants.These facilities received HBW with or without prior depackaging at the source.The key points in the secondary formation of MPs were identified.Moreover,flux estimates of MPs were released,and an analysis of MPs sources was provided to develop an overview of their fate in HBW pretreatment.Pretreated output can contain a maximum of(1673±279)to(3198±263)MP particles per kilogram of wet weight(particles·kg^(-1) ww)for those undepackaged at source,and secondary MPs formation is pri-marily attributed to biomass crushers,biohydrolysis reactors,and rough shredders.Comparatively,HBW depackaged at the source can greatly reduce MPs by 8%-72%,regardless of pretreatment processes.Before pretreatment,4.6-205.6 million MP particles were present in 100 tonnes of HBW.MPs are pro-duced at a rate of 741.11-33124.22billion MP partices annually in anaerobic digester feedstock(ADF).This study demonstrated that HBW pretreatment is a competitive source of MPs and emphasized the importance of implementing municipal solid waste segregation at the source.Furthemore,depack-aging biogenic waste at the source is recommended to substantially alleviate the negative effect of pre-treatment on MPs formation.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324120214040)the Guangdong Science and Technology Research Council(2020B1515120064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61733011,62003222)。
文摘Dear editor,Due to visual impairment and lack of social attention,the reading problem of the blind has not been well resolved.Many existing Braille reading devices still have many problems and are not accepted by the public.This paper developed a portable Braille reading system based on electrotactile display technology.The proposed system is composed of a six-channel electrotactile stimulator,a flexible electrode array for Braille display and a graphical user interface(GUI)for monitoring and control.Based on the flexibility of the system,two Braille reading strategies have been designed:spatial mode and sequential mode.The system was preliminary tested by six sighted subjects.The results showed that subjects were able to recognize Braille characters with more than 80%accuracy within less than 10 seconds for the initial use.Compared to existing Braille reading systems,this system is portable,wearable and flexible in control.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0100103-18)。
文摘Maize is the main grain crop and important forage crop in China. The correlation between ASI and yield of maize inbred lines and whether ASI and the ASI extension time(Dct) of maize inbred lines could be used as a direct indicator of drought resistance of maize inbred lines were explored. The results showed that the goodness of fit of ASI and Dct with DI were 0.478 and 0.829, respectively, and the ASI had an extremely significant negative correlation with yield per plant. ASI and Dct could be used as a parameter to evaluate drought resistance of maize inbred lines, but Dct was more effective than ASI in determining drought resistance index(DI) of maize inbred lines.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 52105575)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(grants 2022-GSP-GG-19 and 2023-GSP-QN-23)+3 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant QTZX23063)Proof of Concept Foundation of Xidian University Hangzhou Institute of Technology(grant GNYZ2023YL0302)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(grant ZDYF2022SHFZ116)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 823RC564).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are one of the most urgent threats to humans worldwide,which are responsible for almost one-third of global mortality.Over the last decade,research on flexible electronics for monitoring and treatment of CVDs has attracted tremendous attention.In contrast to conventional medical instruments in hospitals that are usually bulky,hard to move,monofunctional,and time-consuming,flexible electronics are capable of continuous,noninvasive,real-time,and portable monitoring.Notable progress has been made in this emerging field,and thus a number of significant achievements and concomitant research prospects deserve attention for practical implementation.Here,we comprehensively review the latest progress of flexible electronics for CVDs,focusing on new functions provided by flexible electronics.First,the characteristics of CVDs and flexible electronics and the foundation of their combination are briefly reviewed.Then,four representative applications of flexible electronics for CVDs are elaborated:blood pressure(BP)monitoring,electrocardiogram(ECG)monitoring,echocardiogram monitoring,and direct epicardium monitoring.Their operational principles,progress,merits and demerits,and future efforts are discussed.Finally,the remaining challenges and opportunities for flexible electronics for cardiovascular healthcare are outlined.
