Mild hypothermia for treatment of diffuse axonal injury: a quantitative analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

Fractional anisotropy values in diffusion tensor imaging can quantitatively reflect the consistency of nerve fibers after brain damage, where higher values generally indicate less damage to nerve fibers. Therefore, we hypothesized that diffusion tensor imaging could be used to evaluate the effect of mild hypothermia on diffuse axona[ injury. A total of 102 patients with diffuse axonal injury were randomly divided into two groups： normothermic and mild hypothermic treatment groups. Patient＇s modified Rankin scale scores 2 months after mild hypothermia were significant- ly lower than those for the normothermia group. The difference in average fractional anisotropy value for each region of interest before and after mild hypothermia was 1.32-1.36 times higher than the value in the normothermia group. Quantitative assessment of diffusion tensor imaging indicates that mild hypothermia therapy may be beneficial for patients with diffuse axonal injury.

Surgical site infections after elective craniotomy for brain tumor:a study on potential risk factors and related treatments

Background Surgical site infection(SSI)is a common complication following craniotomy that increases morbidity,mortality,and medical expenses.The objectives of this study were to determine the relevant risk factors associated with SSI after elective craniotomy for brain tumor and analyse the treatments for SSI.Methods A retrospective nested case-control study was conducted using data from patients who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor resection at the Neurosurgical Oncology Department No.6 of Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,between January 2019 and December 2021.Risk factors for SSI were determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis.We analyzed microbiological and related treatment data for different SSI types.Results Among 2061 patients who underwent craniotomy for brain tumor,31 had SSI(1.50%).In the multivariate logistic regression analysis,body mass index(BMI)and operative duration were identified as independent risk factors for SSI.The most common microorganism isolated from SSIs was Staphylococcus epidermidis(22.9%),and drug sensitivity results showed that gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to linezolid,vancomycin and tigecycline,whereas gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to meropenem,cefepime and ceftazidime.Six of the seven patients who underwent bone flap removal due to osteomyelitis were infected with gram-negative bacteria.Conclusions BMI and operative duration were identified as independent risk factors for SSI.Diabetes mellitus,previous ratio therapy,type of incision,recurrence tumor and other risk factors were not found to be associated with the occurrence of SSI in this study.

Gold nanorod-photosensitizer conjugate with extracellular pH-driven tumor targeting ability for photothermal/photodynamic therapy

氯 e6-pHLIP <候补选手class=“ a-plus-plus ”> ss -AuNRs,金使nanorod具有感光性结合包含 pH (低)有给予细胞外的 pH 的一张二硫化物契约的插入肽( pHLIP )( pH <候补选手class=“ a-plus-plus ”> e )-driven 肿瘤指向能力，成功地为光力学的 bimodal 和 photothermal 治疗被开发了。在这 bimodal 治疗，氯 e6 (Ce6 ) ，第二代的 photosensitizer (PS ) ，被用于光力学的治疗(太平洋夏季时间) 。金 nanorods (AuNRs ) 作为 Ce6 的 nanocarrier 和 quencher 为 photothermal 治疗(PTT ) 并且也被用作一个过高热代理人。pHLIPss 作为一根驾驶 pHe 的指向探针被设计在低 pH 在癌症房间提高 Ce6 和 AuNRs 的累积。在 Ce6-pHLIP < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > ss -AuNRs, Ce6 接近并且由 AuNRs 熄灭了，引起小太平洋夏季时间效果。当暴露了到正常生理的 pH 时 7.4， Ce6-pHLIP < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > ss -AuNRs 泛泛地与房间膜联系。然而，曾经暴露了到酸的 pH 6.2， pHLIP 活跃地插入到房间膜，和 conjugates 是进房间的 translocated。当这发生时， Ce6 由于二硫化物与 AuNRs 分开细胞内部的谷胱甘肽(GSH ) 引起的契约劈开，和汗衫氧在光之上为太平洋夏季时间被生产照耀。作为单个 PTT 代理人，另外， AuNRs 能由提高的浸透和保留(EPR ) 效果在肿瘤提高 PS 的累积。因此由我们的数据显示了当暴露了到酸的 pH 时， Ce6-pHLIP < 潜水艇 class= “ a-plus-plus ” > ss -AuNRs 能为癌症治疗完成 synergistic PTT/PDT bimodality。

Self-assembled multifunctional DNA nanoflowers for the circumvention of multidrug resistance in targeted anticancer drug delivery

癌症化疗被它的副作用和 multidrug 抵抗(MDR ) 限制了。因此，指向了能围绕 MDR 的药交货系统被需要。这里，我们向 chemosensitive 和在白血病和乳癌房间模型围绕了 MDR 的 MDR 癌症房间为指向的药交货汇报多功能的 DNA nanoflowers (NF ) 。NF 经由卷圆复制， NF 为特定的癌症房间识别，为 bioimaging 的 fluorophores，和 doxorubicin (纪录影片) 用 aptamers 在期间被合并产生的 DNA 和镁焦磷酸盐的潜在的一起沉淀是自我装配的为药交货的有约束力的 DNA。NF 尺寸是悦耳的(在直径击倒 nm 到 200 ) ，并且浓密地包装的药绑定主题和多孔的 intrastructures 赋予 NF 以一个高装载药的能力(71.4% ， wt/wt ) 。尽管 Doxloaded NF (NF 纪录影片) 在生理的 pH 是稳定的，药版本在酸或基本的条件下面被便于。NF 交付纪录影片进目标 chemosensitive 和 MDR 癌症房间，阻止药流出并且提高在 MDR 房间的药保留。NF 纪录影片在两个目标 chemosensitive 房间和 MDR 房间，然而并非在 nontarget 房间导致有势力 cytotoxicity，并发地因此围绕 MDR 并且减少副作用。总的来说，这些 NF 为在指向的癌症治疗围绕 MDR 正在答应工具。

All-in-One Deposition to Synergistically Manipulate Perovskite Growth for High-Performance Solar Cell

Nonradiative recombination losses originating from crystallographic distortions and issues occurring upon interface formation are detrimental for the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells.Herein,we incorporated a series of carbamide molecules(urea,biuret,or triuret)consisting of both Lewis base(-NH2)and Lewis acid(-C=O)groups into the perovskite precursor to simultaneously eliminate the bulk and interface defects.Depending on the different coordination ability with perovskite component,the incorporated molecules can either modify crystallization dynamics allowing for large crystal growth at low temperature(60℃),associate with antisite or undercoordinated ions for defect passivation,or accumulate at the surface as an energy cascade layer to enhance charge transfer,respectively.Synergistic benefits of the above functions can be obtained by rationally optimizing additive combinations in an all-in-one deposition method.As a result,a champion efficiency of 21.6%with prolonged operational stability was achieved in an inverted MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell by combining biuret and triuret additives.The simplified all-in-one fabrication procedure,adaptable to different types of perovskites in terms of pure MAPbI3,mixed perovskite,and all-inorganic perovskite,provides a cost-efficient and reproducible way to obtain high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells.