Decoding the inconsistency of six cropland maps in China

Accurate cropland information is critical for agricultural planning and production,especially in foodstressed countries like China.Although widely used medium-to-high-resolution satellite-based cropland maps have been developed from various remotely sensed data sources over the past few decades,considerable discrepancies exist among these products both in total area and in spatial distribution of croplands,impeding further applications of these datasets.The factors influencing their inconsistency are also unknown.In this study,we evaluated the consistency and accuracy of six cropland maps widely used in China in circa 2020,including three state-of-the-art 10-m products(i.e.,Google Dynamic World,ESRI Land Cover,and ESA WorldCover)and three 30-m ones(i.e.,GLC_FCS30,GlobeLand 30,and CLCD).We also investigated the effects of landscape fragmentation,climate,and agricultural management.Validation using a ground-truth sample revealed that the 10-m-resolution WorldCover provided the highest accuracy(92.3%).These maps collectively overestimated Chinese cropland area by up to 56%.Up to 37%of the land showed spatial inconsistency among the maps,concentrated mainly in mountainous regions and attributed to the varying accuracy of cropland maps,cropland fragmentation and management practices such as irrigation.Our work shed light on the promotion of future cropland mapping efforts,especially in highly inconsistent regions.

Aftershock sequence simulations using synthetic earthquakes and rate-state seismicity formulation

We use an efficient earthquake simulator that incorporates rate-state constitutive properties and uses boundary element method to discretize the fault surfaces, to generate the synthetic earthquakes in the fault system. Rate-and-state seismicity equation is subsequently employed to calculate the seismicity rate in a region of interest using the Coulomb stress transfer from the main shocks in the fault system. The Coulomb stress transfer is obtained by resolving the induced stresses due to the fault patch slips onto the optimal-oriented fault planes. The example results show that immediately after a main shock the aftershocks are concentrated in the vicinity of the rupture area due to positive stress transfers and then dis- perse away into the surrounding region toward the back- ground rate distribution. The number of aftershocks near the rupture region is found to decay with time as Omori aftershock decay law predicts. The example results dem- onstrate that the rate-and-state fault system earthquakesimulator and the seismicity equations based on the rate- state friction nucleation of earthquake are well posited to characterize the aftershock distribution in regional assess- ments of earthquake probabilities.

Liver Transplantation Reverses Hepatic Myelopathy in the Decompensated Phase of Cirrhosis:Case Report and Literature Review

Hepatic myelopathy(HM)is a rare neurological complication in the end stage of many liver diseases and is characterized by bilateral spastic paraparesis without sensory and sphinc-ter dysfunction.It occurs owing to metabolic disorders and central nervous system dysfunction associated with cirrhosis.Without timely and effective clinical intervention,the progno-sis of these patients is devastating.Although liver transplan-tation(LT)is an effective treatment for HM,the prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory.Early recognition and diagnosis of this disease are essential for improving patient prognosis.Here,we report a case of hepatitis B virus-asso-ciated decompensated cirrhosis with HM.The patient recov-ered well after LT.We also summarize the clinical character-istics and post-transplant outcomes of 25 patients with HM treated by LT through 2023,including this case.