Prediction of fuel cell performance degradation using a combined approach of machine learning and impedance spectroscopy

Accurate prediction of performance degradation in complex systems such as solid oxide fuel cells is crucial for expediting technological advancements.However,significant challenges still persist due to limited comprehension of degradation mechanisms and difficulties in acquiring in-situ features.In this study,we propose an effective approach that integrates long short-term memory(LSTM) neural network and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(DEIS).This integrated approach enables precise prediction of future evolutions in both current-voltage and EIS features using historical testing data,without prior knowledge of degradation mechanisms.For short-term predictions spanning hundreds of hours,our approach achieves a prediction accuracy exceeding 0.99,showcasing promising prospects for diagnostic applications.Additionally,for long-term predictions spanning thousands of hours,we quantitatively determine the significance of each degradation mechanism,which is crucial for enhancing cell durability.Moreover,our proposed approach demonstrates satisfactory predictive ability in both time and frequency domains,offering the potential to reduce EIS testing time by more than half.

大尺寸固体氧化物燃料电池的电极过程解析方法

电化学阻抗谱(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy,EIS)作为一种原位/非原位的电化学表征技术,在固体氧化物燃料电池(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,SOFC)尤其是小尺寸电池的研究中得到了广泛应用,而工业大尺寸电池的EIS研究较少且大多基于小尺寸电池的研究结果。本文对工业尺寸(10 cm×10 cm)阳极支撑平板式SOFC搭建了EIS测试系统,并改变电池运行温度、阳极/阴极气体组分,对该电池进行了系统的EIS测试,而后采用不基于先验假设的弛豫时间分布法(Distribution of Relaxation Times,DRT)对EIS数据进行解析。通过比较分析不同条件下的DRT结果,揭示了DRT中各特征峰与电池中具体电极过程的对应关系。与小尺寸电池相比,由于大尺寸电池的有效面积较大且入口流量较小,气体转化过程在大尺寸电池中不容忽视。本文通过解析EIS实现了对工业大尺寸SOFC单电池中各项电极过程的分辨,该方法及结果能够进一步应用于SOFC原位表征、在线监测以及衰减机理等相关研究。

Genetic analysis of transcription factors in dopaminergic neuronal development in Parkinson’s disease

Background:Genetic variants of dopaminergic transcription factor-encoding genes are suggested to be Parkinson’s disease(PD)risk factors;however,no comprehensive analyses of these genes in patients with PD have been undertaken.Therefore,we aimed to genetically analyze 16 dopaminergic transcription factor genes in Chinese patients with PD.Methods:Whole-exome sequencing(WES)was performed using a Chinese cohort comprising 1917 unrelated patients with familial or sporadic early-onset PD and 1652 controls.Additionally,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)was performed using another Chinese cohort comprising 1962 unrelated patients with sporadic late-onset PD and 1279 controls.Results:We detected 308 rare and 208 rare protein-altering variants in the WES and WGS cohorts,respectively.Gene-based association analyses of rare variants suggested that MSX1 is enriched in sporadic late-onset PD.However,the significance did not pass the Bonferroni correction.Meanwhile,72 and 1730 common variants were found in the WES and WGS cohorts,respectively.Unfortunately,single-variant logistic association analyses did not identify significant associations between common variants and PD.Conclusions:Variants of 16 typical dopaminergic transcription factors might not be major genetic risk factors for PD in Chinese patients.However,we highlight the complexity of PD and the need for extensive research elucidating its etiology.

Performance Comparison of Computational Methods for the Prediction of the Function and Pathogenicity of Non-coding Variants

Non-coding variants in the human genome significantly influence human traits and complex diseases via their regulation and modification effects.Hence,an increasing number of computational methods are developed to predict the effects of variants in human non-coding sequences.However,it is difficult for inexperienced users to select appropriate computational methods from dozens of available methods.To solve this issue,we assessed 12 performance metrics of 24 methods on four independent non-coding variant benchmark datasets:(1)rare germline variants from clinical relevant sequence variants(ClinVar),(2)rare somatic variants from Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer(COSMIC),(3)common regulatory variants from curated expression quantitative trait locus(eQTL)data,and(4)disease-associated common variants from curated genomewide association studies(GWAS).All 24 tested methods performed differently under various conditions,indicating varying strengths and weaknesses under different scenarios.Importantly,the performance of existing methods was acceptable for rare germline variants from ClinVar with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)of 0.4481–0.8033 and poor for rare somatic variants from COSMIC(AUROC=0.4984–0.7131),common regulatory variants from curated eQTL data(AUROC=0.4837–0.6472),and disease-associated common variants from curated GWAS(AUROC=0.4766–0.5188).We also compared the prediction performance of 24 methods for non-coding de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorder,and found that the combined annotation-dependent depletion(CADD)and context-dependent tolerance score(CDTS)methods showed better performance.Summarily,we assessed the performance of 24 computational methods under diverse scenarios,providing preliminary advice for proper tool selection and guiding the development of new techniques in interpreting non-coding variants.

Recent progress in luminescent materials based on lanthanide complexes intercalated synthetic clays

Interest in lanthanide complexes in the synthetic clays remains growing considerably during the last decades because of the attractive features of the individuals. Synthetic clays like Laponite~? and Aminoclay show great potentials in building up the luminescent hybrid materials due to their obvious advantages such as high purity, high dispersibility(or solubility) in water to yield translucent gels and clear aqueous solution. Additionally, their strong adsorption capacity for non-polar molecules or complexes is favorable to the formation of water-soluble and aqueous processable luminescent materials. This feature article summarizes the latest developments in the design and preparation of highly luminescent organicinorganic hybrid materials with excellent aqueous process ability based on lanthanide complexes intercalated synthetic clays.

Aminoclay decorated with lanthanide complexes and carbon dots:Tunable emission and information encryption

Herein we present emission color-tunable and multi-functional lanthanide(Ⅲ)luminescent hybrid materials(Ln(DPA)@AC-CDs)by mixing aminoclay(AC),2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(DPA),Ln3+(Ln=Eu,Tb or Eu and Tb in different molar ratios),and carbon dots(N,S-CDs)in water,showing high quantum yields up to 58.8%.The emission colors can be finely tuned by altering the excitation wavelength and the amounts of the components,and white light emission(CIE-(0.27,0.25))can be achieved for sample Eu1Tb2(DPA)@AC-CDs under 325 nm light irradiation.In addition,under 365 nm UV light excitation,the Eu(DPA)@AC-CDs powder exhibits red luminescence due to the sensitization effect of N,S-CDs on Eu^3+,which turns to bright blue when the powder is dispersed in water attributed to the high dispersion of the aggregated N,S-CDs particles.These luminescent properties afford Ln(DPA)@AC-CDs potential candidates for designing optoelectronic devices like WLEDs or in information encryption applications.

Performance and stability analysis of SOFC containing thin and dense gadolinium-doped ceria interlayer sintered at low temperature

Gadolinium-doped ceria(GDC)interlayers are required to prevent the interfacial reaction between La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.2)Fe_(0.8)O_(3)(LSCF)cathode and Y_(2)O_(3)-stabilized ZrO 2(YSZ)electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).However,it's difficult to prepare a thin and dense GDC interlayer on the sintered half-cell at a low temperature.In this study,the physical vapor deposition(PVD)method was employed to success-fully manufacture dense GDC interlayers with the thickness of 1 m m.The influences of GDC sintering temperature(900℃,1000℃ and 1100℃)on cell performance characteristics and degradation behavior were investigated.The cell with GDC interlayer sintered at 1100?C showed the lowest degradation rate during the 216-h operation.The best stability was attributed to the most effective inhibition of Sr diffusion by the GDC interlayer,which was demonstrated by the almost unchanged Ohmic and polari-zation resistances during the aging stage and the negligible Sr enrichment at YSZ/GDC interface.Compared to the conventional screen-printed GDC interlayers(sintered above 1250℃),the GDC inter-layer prepared by the PVD method and sintered at 1100℃ was significantly denser and thinner,showing a promising application prospect due to its benefits for cell stability.

GCH1 variants contribute to the risk and earlier age-at-onset of Parkinson's disease:a two-cohort case-control study

Background:Common and rare variants of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)gene may play important roles in Parkinson's disease(PD).However,there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of GCH1 genotypes,especially in non-coding regions.The aim of this study was to explore the genetic characteristics of GCH1,including rare and common variants in coding and non-coding regions,in a large population of PD patients in Chinese mainland,as well as the phenotypic characteristics of GCH1 variant carriers.Methods:In the first cohort of this case-control study,we performed whole-exome sequencing in 1555 patients with early-onset or familial PD and 2234 healthy controls;then in the second cohort,whole-genome sequencing was performed in sporadic late-onset PD samples(1962 patients),as well as 1279 controls.Variants at target GCH1 regions were extracted,and then genetic and detailed phenotypic data were analyzed using regression models and the sequence kernel association test.We also performed a meta-analysis to correlate deleterious GCH1 variants with age at onset(AAO)in PD patients.Results:For coding variants,we identified a significant burden of GCH1 deleterious variants in early-onset or familial PD cases compared to controls(1.2%VS 0.1%,P<0.0001).In the analysis of possible regulatory variants in GCH1 non-coding regions,rs12323905(P=0.001,odds ratio=1.19,95%CI 1.07-1.32)was significantly associated with PD,and variant sets in untranslated regions and intron regions,GCH1 brain-specific expression quantitative trait loci,and two possible promoter/enhancer(GH14J054857 and GH14J054880)were suggestively associated with PD.Genotype phenotype correlation analysis revealed that the carriers of GCH1 deleterious variants manifested younger AAO(P<0.0001),and had milder motor symptoms,milder fatigue symptoms and more autonomic nervous dysfunctions.Meta-analysis of six studies demonstrated 6.4-year earlier onset in GCH1 deleterious variant carriers(P=0.0009).Conclusions:The results highlight the importance of deleterious variants and non-coding variants of GCH1 in PD in Chinese mainland and suggest that GCH1 mutation can influence the PD phenotype,which may help design experimental studies to elucidate the mechanisms of GCH1 in the pathogenesis of PD.

Enhanced NIR Luminescence of Nanozeolite L Loading Lanthanide β-Diketonate Complexes

Herein, we report the preparation of zeolite NIR luminescence materials with a remarkable increase of lumi- nescence intensity by attaching stopper molecule （an imidazolium salt） to the channel entrances of zeolite L loading with NIR lanthanide （Er3＋ or Nd3＋）β-diketonate complexes. This results from the formation of Ln3＋-β-diketonate complexes （Ln=Er or Nd） with high coordination numbers through the decreasing of the proton strength in the ze- olite channels. The obtained materials were characterized with SEM and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We be- lieve that this hybrid material will be an appealing candidate for the applications of optical fiber, telecommunica- tions and bio-imaging.