Clustering and Differentiation of glr-3 Gene Function and Its Homologous Proteins

In order to adapt to the low temperature environment,organisms transmit excitement to the central system through the thermal sensing system,which is a classic reflex reaction.The cold receptor GLR-3 perceives cold and pro­duces cold avoidance behavior through peripheral sensory neurons ASER.In order to further understand the gene encoding of the cold sensing glr-3 gene and the evolution of its homologous gene group function and protein function,the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the glr-3 gene and its homologous gene in 24 species were obtained and compared.By clustering with the GRIK2 gene sequence of Rana chensinensis,the bio­informatics method was used to predict and sequence analyze the change of gene,evolution rate,physical and chemical properties of protein,glycosyla­tion sites,phosphorylation sites,secondary structure and tertiary structure of protein.The analysis results show that the glr-3 gene and its homologous gene have obvious positive selection effect.The protein prediction analysis showed that the glr-3 gene and its homologous genes encoded proteins in these 25 species were hydrophilic proteins,and the proportion of side chains of aliphatic amino acids was high.The transmembrane helix was widespread and there were more N-glycosylation sites and O-glycosylation sites.The protein phosphorylation sites encoded were serine,threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation sites.Secondary structure prediction showed that the secondary structure units of the encoded protein wereα-helix,β-turn,random coil and extended chain,and the proportion ofα-helix was the larg­est.This study provides useful information on the evolution and function of the cold sensing gene glr-3 and its homologous genes.

Atomic-scale characterization of two-dimensional magnets and their heterostructures

The realization of long-range magnetic ordering in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals systems significantly expands the scope of the 2D family as well as their possible spin-related phenomena and device applications.The atomically thin nature of 2D materials makes their magnetically ordered states sensitive to local environments,and this necessitates advanced characterization at the atomic scale.Here,we briefly review several representative 2D magnetic systems,namely,iron chalcogenides,chromium chalcogenides,chromium trihalides,and their het-erostructures.With powerful scanning-probe microscopy,atomically resolved characterization of their crystalline configurations,electronic structures,and magnetization distributions has been achieved,and novel phenomena such as giant tunneling magnetoresistance and topological superconductivity have been observed.Finally,we discuss the challenges and new perspectives in this flourishing field.

Fabrication of bilayer Pd-Pt nanocages with sub-nanometer thin shells for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER),which generates molecular hydrogen through the electrochemical reduction of water,is an important clean-energy technology.Platinum (Pt) is an ideal material for HER electrocatalysts in terms of low overpotential and fast kinetics.An effective method to improve the atom utilization efficiency of Pt is to fabricate Pt-based core-shell or nanocage structures with ultra-thin walls.This paper describes the construction of bilayer palladium (Pd)-Pt alloy nanocages catalyst with enhanced HER catalytic activity.The nanocages were fabricated by etching away the Pd templates of multishelled nanocubes composed of alternate shells of Pd and Pt with well-defined (100) facets.The bilayer Pd-Pt nanocages with sub-nanometer shells have a high dispersion of the active atoms on the outside and inside surfaces of outer layer and inner layer,respectively.Moreover,the Pd-Pt alloy lowers the overpotential for HER and speeds up the reaction rate of HER due to the synergies between Pd and Pt.The rational design of bilayer nanocages provided a novel route for boosting the atom utilization efficiency of Pt catalysts.

^(18)F-FDG-PET glucose hypometabolism pattern in patients with epileptogenic hypothalamic hamartoma

Epileptogenic hypothalamic hamartoma is characterized by intractable gelastic seizures.A systematic analysis of the overall brain metabolic pattern in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma(HH)could facilitate the understanding of the epileptic brain network and the associated brain damage effects of HH.In this study,we retrospectively evaluated 27 patients with epileptogenic HH(8 female patients;age,2–33 years)by using ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography.The correlations among tomography result,seizure type,sex,and structural magnetic resonance imaging were assessed.Whole metabolic patterns and voxel-based morphometry findings were assessed by group analysis with healthy controls.Assessment of the whole metabolic pattern in patients with HH revealed several regional metabolic reductions in the cerebrum and an overall metabolic reduction in the cerebellum.In addition,areas showing hypometabolism in the neocortex were more widely distributed ipsilaterally than contralaterally to the HH.Reductions in glucose metabolism and gray matter volume in the neocortex were predominant ipsilateral to the HH.In conclusion,the glucose hypometabolism pattern in patients with epileptogenic HH involved the neocortex,subcortical regions,and cerebellum.The characteristics of glucose hypometabolism differed across seizure type and sex.Reductions in glucose metabolism and structural changes may be based on different mechanisms,but both are likely to occur ipsilateral to the HH in the neocortex.We hypothesized that the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract and cerebro-ponto-cerebellar tract,which are responsible for intercommunication between the cerebral cortex,subcortical regions,and cerebellar regions,may be involved in a pathway related to seizure propagation,particularly gelastic seizures,in patients with HH.

Recent progressinepitaxialgrowthoftwo-dimensional phosphorus

Phosphorus is an important non-metal element with many allotropes and tunable electronic properties.As one of the most important allotropes of phosphorus,two-dimensional(2D)black phosphorus(BP)possesses many extraordinary properties,such as high charge carrier mobility with high on/off ratio,thickness-dependent direct bandgap varying from 0.3 to 2 eV,and anisotropic electrical,optical and thermal properties.Inspiring by the success of 2D BP,other 2D phosphorus allotropes with intriguing properties for nextgeneration electronic and optoelectronic devices have also attracted much attention.However,large-scale growth of high-quality 2D single/few-layer phosphorus remains a great challenge.In this review,we highlight recent progress achieved on 2D phosphorus,with special focus on the epitaxial growth of 2D BP films,blue phosphorus(BlueP)monolayers as well as phosphorusmetal porous networks.The remaining challenges and future perspectives on the development of monolayer phosphorus or phosphorus-metal alloys are also provided.