VAR AND CTE BASED OPTIMAL REINSURANCE FROM A REINSURER'S PERSPECTIVE

In this article,we study optimal reinsurance design.By employing the increasing convex functions as the admissible ceded loss functions and the distortion premium principle,we study and obtain the optimal reinsurance treaty by minimizing the VaR(value at risk)of the reinsurer's total risk exposure.When the distortion premium principle is specified to be the expectation premium principle,we also obtain the optimal reinsurance treaty by minimizing the CTE(conditional tail expectation)of the reinsurer's total risk exposure.The present study can be considered as a complement of that of Cai et al.[5].

Assessment of the Respiratory Disease Mortality Risk from Single and Composite Exposures to PM_(2.5)and Ozone—Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province,China,2018-2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and ozone(O_(3))are prevalent pollutants in the atmosphere,which threaten human health,especially the respiratory system.Typically,people are exposed to a mixture of various pollutants in the environment.Thus,the single and combined effects of both pollutants need to be investigated.

Non-coding RNAs:a promising target for early metastasis intervention

Metastases account for the overwhelming majority of cancer-associated deaths.The dissemination of cancer cells from the primary tumor to distant organs involves a complex process known as the invasion-metastasis cascade.The underlying biological mechanisms of metastasis,however,remain largely elusive.Recently,the discovery and characterization of non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs)have revealed the diversity of their regulatory roles,especially as key contributors throughout the metastatic cascade.Here,we review recent progress in how three major types of ncRNAs(microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs)are involved in the multistep procedure of metastasis.We further examine interactions among the three ncRNAs as well as current progress in their regulatory mechanisms.We also propose the prevention of metastasis in the early stages of cancer progression and discuss current translational studies using ncRNAs as targets for metastasis diagnosis and treatments.These studies provide insights into developing more effective strategies to target metastatic relapse.

SMILE与FS-LASIK术后光学区特性比较

目的:比较飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(SMILE)、SCHWIND Amaris1050平台和Wavelight EX500平台的飞秒激光制瓣的准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(FS-LASIK)单纯近视矫正术后的实际光学区大小、非球面性和高阶像差。方法:回顾性病例对照研究。选取于2018年1月至2019年1月期间在广州爱尔眼科医院行近视手术矫正患者,根据手术方式和平台分为SMILE组、Amaris1050组和EX500组;收集患者术后1、3个月光学区直径、Q值、高阶像差等数据,利用Topolyzer术后切线曲率图(切线法)和Pentacam术前、术后切线曲率差异图(切线差异法)测量光学区直径。3组间光学区大小、Q值、高阶像差比较采用ANOVA单因素方差分析,多重比较采用Bonferroni法。2种方法间比较采用配对样本t检验。结果:共纳入91例(113眼),其中SMILE组42眼,Amaris1050组25眼,EX500组46眼。术后3个月,切线法和切线差异法所测光学区直径SMILE组大于Amaris1050组和EX500组(均P<0.001),分别为(6.90±0.12)mm和(5.17±0.15)mm,(6.58±0.19)mm和(5.00±0.10)mm,(6.56±0.16)mm和(4.86±0.15)mm;Amaris1050组切线差异法所测光学区大于EX500组(P=0.003)。3组切线法光学区测量值大于切线差异法(t=64.836、34.146、63.927,均P<0.001);角膜中央5、6 mm范围Q值,SMILE组小于Amaris1050组和EX500组(5 mm:P=0.017、0.013;6 mm:P=0.004、0.005),Amaris1050组和EX500组差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);6 mm瞳孔直径下,SMILE组球差小于Amaris1050组和EX500组(P=0.004、0.017),Amaris1050组和EX500组差异无统计学意义(P=0.793)。结论:SMILE术后实际光学区大于FS-LASIK,非球面形态优于FS-LASIK,引入球差更少;再者,SMILE和Amaris1050平台切削深度接近,大于EX500,消耗更多角膜组织。