What will be the impact of property tax levy(RPT)on China’s housing price?The conclusions from existing research are conflicting,failing to pinpoint how RPT will affect housing price and rent.More crucially,theoretic...What will be the impact of property tax levy(RPT)on China’s housing price?The conclusions from existing research are conflicting,failing to pinpoint how RPT will affect housing price and rent.More crucially,theoretical economic models are missing in clearly describing the operating mechanisms of the tax’s impact.Starting with a theoretical model of RPT,housing price and rent,the paper derives the path and mechanism of RPT affecting housing price and rent,and provides insights on the choice of timing for China to adopt and levy RPT.Our simulation results show that under China’s circumstances,if the effective RPT rate is 0.5%and the RPT revenue is not used to increase public services,the tax may cause a housing price decline between 8.3%and 12.5%.If the RPT revenue is used for basic public services,the housing price decline will be as small as 1.7%to 2.5%,but rent may rise by 6.7%to 20%.The reason for the sharp drop in housing price is the bubble;the premise of a rent hike is that the public services that renters can benefi t from are substantially improved.Based on the impact of RPT on housing price fluctuation,the period after the market has gradually squeezed out the housing price bubble may be among the best windows for adopting RPT.展开更多
Several clinical studies have reported that hearing loss is correlated with autism in children.However,little is known about the underlying mechanism between hearing loss and autism.p21-activated kinases(PAKs)are a fa...Several clinical studies have reported that hearing loss is correlated with autism in children.However,little is known about the underlying mechanism between hearing loss and autism.p21-activated kinases(PAKs)are a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by multiple signaling molecules,particularly the Rho family of small GTPases.Previous studies have shown that Pak1 mutations are associated with autism.In the present study,we take advantage of Pak1 knockout(Pak1a/a)mice to investigate the role of PAK1 in hearing function.We find that PAK1 is highly expressed in the postnatal mouse cochlea and that PAK1 deficiency leads to hair cell(HC)apoptosis and severe hearing loss.Further investigation indicates that PAK1 deficiency downregulates the phosphorylation of cofilin and ezrin-radixin-moesin and the expression of b II-spectrin,which further decreases the HC synapse density in the basal turn of cochlea and disorganized the HC stereocilia in all three turns of cochlea in Pak1à/àmice.Overall,our work demonstrates that the autism-related gene Pak1 plays a crucial role in hearing function.As the first candidate gene linking autism and hearing loss,Pak1 may serve as a potential target for the clinical diagnosis of autism-related hearing loss.展开更多
As a group of nonspecific inflammatory diseases affecting the intestine,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)exhibits the characteristics of chronic recurring inflammation,and was proven to be increasing in incidence(Kaplan...As a group of nonspecific inflammatory diseases affecting the intestine,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)exhibits the characteristics of chronic recurring inflammation,and was proven to be increasing in incidence(Kaplan,2015).IBD induced by genetic background,environmental changes,immune functions,microbial composition,and toxin exposures(Sasson et al.,2021)primarily includes ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD)with complicated clinical symptoms featured by abdominal pain,diarrhea,and even blood in stools(Fan et al.,2021;Huang et al.,2021).展开更多
文摘What will be the impact of property tax levy(RPT)on China’s housing price?The conclusions from existing research are conflicting,failing to pinpoint how RPT will affect housing price and rent.More crucially,theoretical economic models are missing in clearly describing the operating mechanisms of the tax’s impact.Starting with a theoretical model of RPT,housing price and rent,the paper derives the path and mechanism of RPT affecting housing price and rent,and provides insights on the choice of timing for China to adopt and levy RPT.Our simulation results show that under China’s circumstances,if the effective RPT rate is 0.5%and the RPT revenue is not used to increase public services,the tax may cause a housing price decline between 8.3%and 12.5%.If the RPT revenue is used for basic public services,the housing price decline will be as small as 1.7%to 2.5%,but rent may rise by 6.7%to 20%.The reason for the sharp drop in housing price is the bubble;the premise of a rent hike is that the public services that renters can benefi t from are substantially improved.Based on the impact of RPT on housing price fluctuation,the period after the market has gradually squeezed out the housing price bubble may be among the best windows for adopting RPT.
基金supported by grants from Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(XDA16010303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570921,82030029,81970882,81970884,81900941,81771019,81700913)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BE2019711,BK20190121)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M681555)Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20190814093401920)。
文摘Several clinical studies have reported that hearing loss is correlated with autism in children.However,little is known about the underlying mechanism between hearing loss and autism.p21-activated kinases(PAKs)are a family of serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by multiple signaling molecules,particularly the Rho family of small GTPases.Previous studies have shown that Pak1 mutations are associated with autism.In the present study,we take advantage of Pak1 knockout(Pak1a/a)mice to investigate the role of PAK1 in hearing function.We find that PAK1 is highly expressed in the postnatal mouse cochlea and that PAK1 deficiency leads to hair cell(HC)apoptosis and severe hearing loss.Further investigation indicates that PAK1 deficiency downregulates the phosphorylation of cofilin and ezrin-radixin-moesin and the expression of b II-spectrin,which further decreases the HC synapse density in the basal turn of cochlea and disorganized the HC stereocilia in all three turns of cochlea in Pak1à/àmice.Overall,our work demonstrates that the autism-related gene Pak1 plays a crucial role in hearing function.As the first candidate gene linking autism and hearing loss,Pak1 may serve as a potential target for the clinical diagnosis of autism-related hearing loss.
基金supported by the Zhenjiang Key Research and Development Plan(Social Development)(No.SH2021066)the Clinical Medical Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Jiangsu University in 2018(No.JLY20180031)the Taicang Science and Technology Planning Project(No.TC2020JCYL17),China。
文摘As a group of nonspecific inflammatory diseases affecting the intestine,inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)exhibits the characteristics of chronic recurring inflammation,and was proven to be increasing in incidence(Kaplan,2015).IBD induced by genetic background,environmental changes,immune functions,microbial composition,and toxin exposures(Sasson et al.,2021)primarily includes ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn's disease(CD)with complicated clinical symptoms featured by abdominal pain,diarrhea,and even blood in stools(Fan et al.,2021;Huang et al.,2021).
