Key Technologies and Prospects for Electric Vehicles Within Emerging Power Systems: Insights from Five Aspects

The energy revolution requires coordination in energy consumption, supply, storage and institutional systems.Renewable energy generation technologies, along with their associated costs, are already fully equipped for large-scale promotion.However, energy storage remains a bottleneck, and solutions areneeded through the use of electric vehicles, which traditionallyplay the role of energy consumption in power systems. Toclarify the key technologies and institutions that support EVsas terminals for energy use, storage, and feedback, the CSEEJPES forum assembled renowned experts and scholars in relevantfields to deliver keynote reports and engage in discussions ontopics such as vehicle–grid integration technology, advancedsolid-state battery technology, high-performance electric motortechnology, and institutional innovation in the industry chain.These experts also provided prospects for energy storage andutilization technologies capable of decarbonizing new powersystems.

Wheat-RegNet:An encyclopedia of common wheat hierarchical regulatory networks

Dear Editor,Common wheat(Triticum aestivum,2n=6×=42,AABBDD)is the staple crop worldwide.Elucidating the gene regulatory network provides essential information for mechanism studies and targeted manipulation of gene activity for breeding.However,it is a challenging task given the extremely large(16 Gb)and complicated allohexaploid genome of common wheat.Integrating multi-omics data is a compelling approach to construct the hierarchical regulatory network.

Centromere repositioning and shifts in wheat evolution

The centromere is the region of a chromosome that directs its separation and plays an important role in cell division and reproduction of organisms.Elucidating the dynamics of centromeres is an alternative strategy for exploring the evolution of wheat.Here,we comprehensively analyzed centromeres from the de novoassembled common wheat cultivar Aikang58(AK58),Chinese Spring(CS),and all sequenced diploid and tetraploid ancestors by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing,whole-genome bisulfite sequencing,RNA sequencing,assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing,and comparative genomics.We found that centromere-associated sequences were concentrated during tetraploidization and hexaploidization.Centromeric repeats of wheat(CRWs)have undergone expansion during wheat evolution,with strong interweaving between the A and B subgenomes post tetraploidization.We found that CENH3 prefers to bind with younger CRWs,as directly supported by immunocolocalization on two chromosomes(1A and 2A)of wild emmer wheat with dicentromeric regions,only one of which bound with CENH3.In a comparison of AK58 with CS,obvious centromere repositioning was detected on chromosomes 1B,3D,and 4D.The active centromeres showed a unique combination of lower CG but higher CHH and CHG methylation levels.We also found that centromeric chromatin was more open than pericentromeric chromatin,with higher levels of gene expression but lower gene density.Frequent introgression between tetraploid and hexaploid wheat also had a strong influence on centromere position on the same chromosome.This study also showed that active wheat centromeres were genetically and epigenetically determined.

Utility of Triti-Map for bulk-segregated mapping of causal genes and regulatory elements in Triticeae

Triticeae species,including wheat,barley,and rye,are critical for global food security.Mapping agronomically important genes is crucial for elucidating molecular mechanisms and improving crops.However,Triticeae includes many wild relatives with desirable agronomic traits,and frequent introgressions occurred during Triticeae evolution and domestication.Thus,Triticeae genomes are generally large and complex,making the localization of genes or functional elements that control agronomic traits challenging.Here,we developed Triti-Map,which contains a suite of user-friendly computational packages specifically designed and optimized to overcome the obstacles of gene mapping in Triticeae,as well as a web interface integrating multi-omics data from Triticeae for the efficient mining of genes or functional elements that control particular traits.The Triti-Map pipeline accepts bothDNA and RNAbulk-segregated sequencing data as well as traditional QTL data as inputs for locating genes and elucidating their functions.We illustrate the usage of Triti-Map with a combination of bulk-segregated ChIP-seq data to detect a wheat disease-resistance gene with its promoter sequence that is absent from the reference genome and clarify its evolutionary process.We hope that Triti-Map will facilitate gene isolation and accelerate Triticeae breeding.