Current applications of artificial intelligence-based computer vision in laparoscopic surgery

Recent advances in artificial intelligence(AI)have sparked a surge in the application of computer vision(CV)in surgical video analysis.Laparoscopic surgery produces a large number of surgical videos,which provides a new opportunity for improving of CV technology in laparoscopic surgery.AI-based CV techniques may leverage these surgical video data to develop real-time automated decision support tools and surgeon training systems,which shows a new direction in dealing with the shortcomings of laparoscopic surgery.The effectiveness of CV applications in surgical procedures is still under early evaluation,so it is necessary to discuss challenges and obstacles.The review introduced the commonly used deep learning algorithms in CV and described their usage in detail in four application scenes,including phase recognition,anatomy detection,instrument detection and action recognition in laparoscopic surgery.The currently described applications of CV in laparoscopic surgery are limited.Most of the current research focuses on the identification of workflow and anatomical structure,while the identification of instruments and surgical actions is still awaiting further breakthroughs.Future research on the use of CV in laparoscopic surgery should focus on applications in more scenarios,such as surgeon skill assessment and the development of more efficient models.

Nonlocal and strain gradient effects on nonlinear forced vibration of axially moving nanobeams under internal resonance conditions

Based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory(NSGT), a model is proposed for an axially moving nanobeam with two kinds of scale effects. The internal resonanceaccompanied fundamental harmonic response of the external excitation frequency in the vicinities of the first and second natural frequencies is studied by adopting the multivariate Lindstedt-Poincaré(L-P) method. Based on the root discriminant of the frequencyamplitude equation under internal resonance conditions, theoretical analyses are performed to investigate the scale effects of the resonance region and the critical external excitation amplitude. Numerical results show that the region of internal resonance is related to the amplitude of the external excitation. Particularly, the internal resonance disappears after a certain critical value of the external excitation amplitude is reached.It is also shown that the scale parameters, i.e., the nonlocal parameters and the material characteristic length parameters, respectively, reduce and increase the critical amplitude,leading to a promotion or suppression of the occurrence of internal resonance. In addition,the scale parameters affect the size of the enclosed loop of the bifurcated solution curves as well by changing their intersection, divergence, or tangency.

Multidisciplinary approaches for clavicle fracture with neurovascular injuries:A case report

To the Editor:Neurovascular injury is an uncommon complication of clavicle fractures,and occurs in at most 1%of all clavicle fractures.Neurovascular injury is mostly caused by high-energy blunt injury to the clavicle.[1]Because its symptoms are less prominent,these vascular injuries are easily neglected and may result in severe consequences.However,few studies have reported a standardized management for this rare trauma.Here,we present a case of a 30-year-old man who suffered an open clavicle fracture with acute subclavian artery and brachial plexus injuries.After treating this case,we concluded that neurovascular examinations and multidisciplinary therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for clavicle fractures with associated neurovascular injury.The authors certify that they have obtained the patient’s consent to the publication of information about him in a journal or thesis.The information will be published without the patient’s name attached and every attempt will be made to ensure anonymity.

A bibliometric analysis of Stirling engine and in-depth review of its application for energy supply systems

With the great advantages and continuous innovations,prolific research efforts have been devoted to the Stirling engine(SE)domain driven by the sustainability development.In this study,a bibliometric analysis is conducted to explore the research tend and hotspots of SE.The country co-authorship,institute co-authorship and keyword networks are engendered from the visual map using VOSviewer,showing China ranks the first with the total number of published articles and the majority publications are presented by Chinese Academy of Sciences.Owing to the highest node centrality,the research findings in USA can be considered the most influential and greatly worthy being referred,particularly represented by the early contribution for thermo-acoustic SE.The total 7 keyword clusters are classified through the top terms in Citespace and 4 of them are related to its energy supply system,demonstrating the typical application of SE-based combined heat and power(CHP)and integrated multi-energy complementary system have gained much attention.Based on this,a detailed review of SE-based energy supply systems is further conducted through the system forms,4E performance evaluation and soft model combing optimization solutions.Several relevant issues hindering the improvement of these terms are summa-rized,providing the potential guides to help develop the SE-based energy supply system.