Comparison of Salt Tolerance in Brassicas and Some Related Species

In this paper the salt tolerance in Brassicas and some related species was compared. When seedlings germinated on sand cultures with liquid MS medium were considered, the relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight were significantly correlated with each other (P 0.01), and only the relative shoot lengths were significantly different among the tested genotypes (P 0.05);When both seedlings germinated on MS and MS plus 0.4% NaCl were considered, only the relative shoot length of seedlings germinated on MS was significantly different from that germinated on MS + 0.4% NaCl (P 0.05), and also only the relative shoot lengths were significantly different among the tested genotypes (P 0.01). Raphanus sativa cv. Changfeng, B. juncea cv. JC and Brassica napus cv. ZS 10 showed low salt tolerance in terms of relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight;B. oleracea cv. JF-1, Sinapis alba cv. HN-2 showed high salt tolerance in terms of relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight. Based on our result we suggest that relative shoot length might be convenient to rank the salt tolerance but cluster analysis based on multiple parameters of relative germination rate, root length, shoot length and fresh seedling weight might be more accurate in screening for salt tolerance in Brassicas and related species.

Oxidative modification of the molecular chaperone family in a PC12 cell model of Parkinson's disease induced by Z-Ile-Glu(OtBu)-Ala-Leucinal

Previous studies have demonstrated that ubiquitin-proteasome system function is significantly decreased in the substantia nigra of Parkinson＇s disease patients. In the present study, proteasome inhibitor Z-Ile-Glu（OtBu）-Ala-Leucinal （PSI） was used to inhibit the function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in PC12 cells to simulate Parkinson＇s disease. Oxidatively modified proteins were identified to determine pathogenesis of Parkinson＇s disease. Results demonstrated that 24 hours of 10 IJmol/L PSI-treatment in PC12 cells simulated pathological characteristics of Parkinson＇s disease： neuronal degeneration and eosinophilic inclusion formation in neurons. In PSI-treated PC12 cells, three oxidative proteins and a molecular chaperone family member were detected： chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide 1 subunit 3, glucose-regulated protein 58, and heat shock protein 70. This is the first study to demonstrate oxidative modification of a molecule family in a cell model of Parkinson＇s disease induced with PSI.

3-Dimensional Bag of Visual Words Framework on Action Recognition

Human motion recognition plays a crucial role in the video analysis framework.However,a given video may contain a variety of noises,such as an unstable background and redundant actions,that are completely different from the key actions.These noises pose a great challenge to human motion recognition.To solve this problem,we propose a new method based on the 3-Dimensional(3D)Bag of Visual Words(BoVW)framework.Our method includes two parts:The first part is the video action feature extractor,which can identify key actions by analyzing action features.In the video action encoder,by analyzing the action characteristics of a given video,we use the deep 3D CNN pre-trained model to obtain expressive coding information.A classifier with subnetwork nodes is used for the final classification.The extensive experiments demonstrate that our method leads to an impressive effect on complex video analysis.Our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on the datasets of UCF101(85.3%)and HMDB51(54.5%).

空气波压力治疗仪治疗奥沙利铂神经毒性的临床观察(英文)

Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of air wave pressure therapeutic equipment in prevention of oxaliplatin-inducted neurotoxicity. Methods: Forty-five patients with colorectal cancer were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, treatment group were given the treatment of air wave pressure therapeutic equipment during chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, the control group were given preventive treatment, the oxaliplatin-inducted neurotoxicity was evaluated after each cycle of chemotherapy. Evaluate the chemotherapy efficacy after the third cycle and sixth cycle of chemotherapy. Results: The treatment group have lower incidence of peripheral nerve toxicity than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.93; P < 0.01). Chemotherapy effect between the 2 groups was no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with air wave pressure therapeutic equipment can reduce the incidence of peripheral nerve toxicity during oxaliplatin chemotherapy.

UDP-glucose epimerase 1,moonlighting as a transcriptional activator,is essential for tapetum degradation and male fertility in rice

Multiple enzymes perform moonlighting functions distinct from their main roles.UDP-glucose epimerases(UGEs),a subclass of isomerases,catalyze the interconversion of UDP-glucose(UDP-Glc)and UDP-galactose(UDP-Gal).We identified a rice male-sterile mutant,osuge1,with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen.The mutant osuge1 protein lacked UDP-glucose epimerase activity,resulting in higher UDP-Gal content and lower UDP-Glc levels in the osuge1 mutant compared with the wild type.Interestingly,we discovered that OsUGE1 participates in the TIP2/bHLH142–TDR–EAT1/DTD transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in tapetum degradation,in which TIP2 and TDR regulate the expression of OsUGE1 while OsUGE1 regulates the expression of EAT1.In addition,we found that OsUGE1 regulates the expression of its own gene by directly binding to an E-box element in the OsUGE1 promoter.Collectively,our results indicate that OsUGE1 not only functions as a UDP-glucose epimerase but also moonlights as a transcriptional activator to promote tapetum degradation,revealing a novel regulatory mechanism of rice reproductive development.

Pottery lipid analysis at the Shangzhai site,Beijing,and its implication for subsistence strategy

As the crossroads of prehistoric cultures,the Beijing region is an important area for studying the exchange of prehistoric culture and the spread of millet agriculture.Although millet remains have been found in the Donghulin site during the Early Neolithic Age,there is little millet remains during the Middle and Late Neolithic Age,so there is a gap of approximately2,000 years since the time of the Donghulin site.The Shangzhai site is located in the Pinggu Basin in eastern Beijing,and it has a large time span with sequential strata;however,there are few large animals and plant remains found at this site,thus the subsistence strategy of ancient people remains unclear.In this study,the absorbed lipids of pottery sherds unearthed in the Neolithic cultural layer of the Shangzhai site were extracted and analysed.The results show that these potteries were used to process millet,the meat of terrestrial non-ruminants and wild ruminants,and dairy of wild ruminants,providing new insights for the subsistence strategy and the development of millet agriculture in the Middle and Late Neolithic Age of Beijing.In addition,the food processing in pottery may be an internal heating method,such as stone boiling.

Middle Holocene hunting-gathering culture and environmental background of the steppe area of northern China

For a long time,the academic community has known very little about hunter-gatherers in the steppe area of northern China in the mid-Holocene.This article reports on the Ula Usu West site in Siziwangqi Banner,Inner Mongolia,including basic information about the site,animal bones,lithic artifacts and the environmental background.The age of the site is 4.8–4.4 cal.kyr BP,placing it in the Late Neolithic period.Considering integrated evidence from flotation,zooarchaeology,ZooMS analysis and lithic artifacts,the preliminary inference is that the population lived in a hunting-gathering economy.They used lithic tools represented by arrowheads to hunt mainly Antilopinae animals(e.g.,Procapra gutturosa).Pollen analysis suggests that the climate was relatively humid,providing advantageous living conditions for the population.The climate evidence is consistent with a warm event at approximately 4.7 kyr BP.A dry-cold event(4.5–4.0 kyr BP)and the gradual expansion of agriculture and breeding might have resulted in the final decline of the population.This article provides new materials for research on the“last”hunter-gatherers in the steppe area of northern China.

A preliminary study of the weathering mechanism of fossilized Cretaceous Hamipterus bones

The discovery of Hamipterus tianshanensis had important scientific significance because three-dimensional preserved fossils can provide unique information about the reproduction,development,and evolution of pterosaurs.However,the pterosaur fossils exhibited violent weathering,including noticeable cracking and spalling,since the preservation environment changed dramatically after excavation,which severely influenced the preservation of these fossils and the scientific research conducted on them.To determine the weathering mechanism of these fossil bones,the samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence(XRF),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS).The results indicate that calcite is the main mineral in the hollow bones,but it is mixed with a small amount of other minerals,such as quartz,feldspar,and other debris particles.Moreover,the main component of the pterosaur bones is hydroxyapatite,and carbonate has substituted for some of the phosphate(B-type carbonated apatite)in the fossil bones.A small amount of calcite and manganese oxides has precipitated in the vascular canals.The phosphate crystallinity index(PCI)is 4.17.These results indicate that the fossils have undergone severe diagenesis.Apart from these alterations,the fossil bones have high contents of anions and cations such as Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),Na^(+),and Ca^(2+),and the total content of soluble salts is 35584.41μg g^(-1).Based on these results,it is inferred that the weathering mechanism of the fossil bones is as follows.First,the fragile hollow bones cracked easily because of the enormous thermal stress caused by the dramatic temperature changes in the Gobi Desert and the differences in the thermal expansion coefficients(TEC)of the surrounding rocks,the fossil bones,and the different fillers.Second,a large amount of stress is generated by salt crystallization when the temperature and humidity change,and the pterosaur fossils will be damaged when the crystallization pressure exceeds the tensile strength of the fossils.These results suggest that the preservation of pterosaur fossils requires suitable desalination and consolidation conditions.Moreover,they should be preserved in a constant temperature and humidity environment.