The instability of saline soil foundation affects the safety of artificial construction,and may cause ground collapse,building destruction and road damage.It is fundamental to reduce the potential engineering geologic...The instability of saline soil foundation affects the safety of artificial construction,and may cause ground collapse,building destruction and road damage.It is fundamental to reduce the potential engineering geological disasters by exploring the dynamic evolution of saline soil.Most of the previous researches of saline soil were conducted by simulated experiments and traditional geodetic surveying methods.Restricted to the limited sampling points,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of saline soil were difficult to find out in a large scale.This paper exploited SBAS-InSAR method to extract the deformation of the Qarhan Salt Lake(in Qinghai,China)section along Qinghai-Tibet railway,based on 119 image data acquired by Sentinel-1A from 2015 to 2020.The results showed that the deformation trends varied frequently in this saline mud flat.Between the adjacent areas with different deformation trends along Qinghai-Tibet railway,discontinuities caused by uplift and subsidence were very obvious.Besides,among the areas with brine exploitation or artificial construction,the maximum subsidence rate reached50 mm/yr,and the maximum cumulative subsidence exceeded 320 mm in the latest 5 years.In the saline mud flat closed to the rivers and lakes,the deformation trend was continuous uplift.Nevertheless,there were obvious seasonal deformation characteristics in those areas far away from the water body.Further analysis found out a sharply subsidence caused by the salt collapsibility appeared in rainy seasons.While an uplift trend induced by the salt swelling or frost heave was remarkable in dry seasons.Subsequently,the relationships were analyzed between the time series deformation and external environmental fac-tors.Furthermore,the deformation mechanism of saline soilin the Qarhan Salt Lake region was inter-preted then.In general,this study provides complete spatiotemporal evolution information of saline soil,and demonstrates the deformation characteristics of saline soil in the Qarhan Salt Lake region suc-cessfully.Related results would contribute to the safety monitoring for large-scale infrastructure con-struction in the saline soil areas.展开更多
Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcera...Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcerative colitis's pathogenesis.Methods:Gene expression profiles(GSE22307)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We conducted differential screens of the expression of genes(differentially expressed genes)between two groups using the online tool Gene Expression Omnibus 2R,then use the ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape software to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis on differentially expressed genes.Molecular Complex Detection plugin was used to visualize differentially expressed genes'gene-gene interaction network and screen for gene modules.The cytohubba plugin was used to screen the hub genes and then analyzed with the ClueGO plugin to further understand ulcerative colitis's specific biological mechanism.Result:A total of 1,151 differentially expressed genes were identified,among which 798 were upregulated,and the remaining 353 were down-regulated.The gene ontology results revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in inflammation,cytokine activity,protein binding,and several other biological processes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the differentially expressed genes were mainly increased in the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathway.Using the gene-gene interaction network analysis,we found that IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF may be responsible for ulcerative colitis's occurrence and development.Those target genes were enriched mainly in the neutrophil apoptotic process and positive regulation of humoral immune response.Conclusion:The results of our study indicated that those differentially expressed genes,especially IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF,may be associated with the development and progression of ulcerative colitis.展开更多
The quantitative assessment of glacier flow velocity dynamics plays a pivotal role in understanding its response mechanisms concerning climate warming.This work provides a systematic quantitative assessment of the dec...The quantitative assessment of glacier flow velocity dynamics plays a pivotal role in understanding its response mechanisms concerning climate warming.This work provides a systematic quantitative assessment of the deceleration status of glaciers in this region by investigating the motion evolution of typical glaciers in Mount Gongga in recent years,thereby revealing the seasonal dynamics and inter-annual evolution over an extensive time span.We used the optical flow-small baseline subset(OF-SBAS)method to compute the time-series velocities of the Hai-luogou Glacier and the Mozigou Glacier using 178 archived Sentinel-1 satellite synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images from 2014 to 2021.The findings revealed a prominent seasonal pattern in glacier motion,characterised by cyclic variations in velocity from cold to warm seasons.Moreover,we identified variations in velocities across distinct regions of the glacier surface,underscored by the lag in the peak time node of glacier flow with increasing elevation.This pattern may have been determined by a combination of internal and external factors,including mass accumulation and ablation-driven subglacial drainage,as well as the glacier geomorphological setting.Furthermore,during 2015-2021,the glaciers on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga exhibited an overarching trend of deceleration.Notably,the ablation area of the Hailuogou Glacier recorded the most substantial deceleration,exceeding 8%per year.This study underscores the efficacy of the OF-SBAS method in extracting long-term glacier velocities.This work also establishes a robust foundation for the analysis of spatiotemporal fluctuations in glacier movement within the context of climate warming.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)on the expression of vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel alpha1 C subunit(CaL-α1C) and ATP-sensitive K...OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)on the expression of vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel alpha1 C subunit(CaL-α1C) and ATP-sensitive K+channel(KATP)-Kir6.1mRNA, and explore the mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effect of Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)total flavonoids.METHODS: The treatment group was fed total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)for 7 days by gavage with 100 mg·kg﹣1·d﹣1.The blank control group and model control group were given the same amount of normal saline for 7 d.Arrhythmias were induced by performing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and electrocardiogram was observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CaL-α1CandKATP-Kir6.1 mRNA in the myocardial cell membrane of all groups of rats. RESULTS: Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can delay the appearance of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias,shorten the duration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, reduce heart rate, reduce cell membrane expression of CaL-α1C mRNA and enhance the expression of KATP-Kir6.1 mRNAin myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmic rats.CONCLUSION: Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can alleviate arrhythmias by affecting the expression of L-type calcium channels and ATP-sensitiveK+ channels.展开更多
In the course of isolating the attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA14-14-2,two attenuated strains SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 were also obtained that elicited low antibody responses in humans(o10%and 62%,respectively...In the course of isolating the attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA14-14-2,two attenuated strains SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 were also obtained that elicited low antibody responses in humans(o10%and 62%,respectively)and exerted much weaker immune protection in animal challenge experiments.However,the reason for these differences remains unknown.In order to understand why SA14-14-2 is superior to SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3,we employed a reverse genetics method to identify the key mutations in the virus genome that determine the immunogenicity of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis viruses.We first sequenced the full genomic sequences of SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 and found mutations that changed four amino-acid base pairs when compared to the envelope gene of SA14-14-2.We mutated the genome of SA14-14-2 to generate these mutations both singly(E-177,E-264,E-279 and E-315)and in combination(E-177/264,E-279/315 and E-177/264/279/315)and tested these mutants along with parental strains SA14-14-2,SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 for their immunogenicity in vivo.When mice were immunized with SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3,lower levels of neutralizing antibodies were generated compared with the immune response to SA14-14-2.Furthermore,SA14-5-3 was more immunogenic than SA14-9-7,which replicated the results previously seen in humans.Point mutations E-177,E-264,E-279 and E-315 diminished the immunogenicity of SA14-14-2 with E-264 and E-315,contributing the most to this phenotype.The mutant rJEV(E-177/E-264/E-279/E-315)containing all four point mutations exhibited the lowest immunogenicity with a seroconversion rate of 0 at an inoculation dose of 103 PFU(plaque-forming unit).We have identified the key amino acids in the envelope protein that account for the superior immunogenicity of SA14-14-2.展开更多
基金This research was jointly funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0502700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771402,41804009,42071410)+1 种基金the Scientific R&D Plan of China Railway Corporation(No.JXKT-1801-2-2-7,P2018G004)the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project(No.2018JY0664,20YYJC4292,2020YJ0322)。
文摘The instability of saline soil foundation affects the safety of artificial construction,and may cause ground collapse,building destruction and road damage.It is fundamental to reduce the potential engineering geological disasters by exploring the dynamic evolution of saline soil.Most of the previous researches of saline soil were conducted by simulated experiments and traditional geodetic surveying methods.Restricted to the limited sampling points,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of saline soil were difficult to find out in a large scale.This paper exploited SBAS-InSAR method to extract the deformation of the Qarhan Salt Lake(in Qinghai,China)section along Qinghai-Tibet railway,based on 119 image data acquired by Sentinel-1A from 2015 to 2020.The results showed that the deformation trends varied frequently in this saline mud flat.Between the adjacent areas with different deformation trends along Qinghai-Tibet railway,discontinuities caused by uplift and subsidence were very obvious.Besides,among the areas with brine exploitation or artificial construction,the maximum subsidence rate reached50 mm/yr,and the maximum cumulative subsidence exceeded 320 mm in the latest 5 years.In the saline mud flat closed to the rivers and lakes,the deformation trend was continuous uplift.Nevertheless,there were obvious seasonal deformation characteristics in those areas far away from the water body.Further analysis found out a sharply subsidence caused by the salt collapsibility appeared in rainy seasons.While an uplift trend induced by the salt swelling or frost heave was remarkable in dry seasons.Subsequently,the relationships were analyzed between the time series deformation and external environmental fac-tors.Furthermore,the deformation mechanism of saline soilin the Qarhan Salt Lake region was inter-preted then.In general,this study provides complete spatiotemporal evolution information of saline soil,and demonstrates the deformation characteristics of saline soil in the Qarhan Salt Lake region suc-cessfully.Related results would contribute to the safety monitoring for large-scale infrastructure con-struction in the saline soil areas.
文摘Background:To compare the differentially expressed genes between ulcerative colitis mouse colon tissue and normal mouse colon tissue,screen out hub genes,explore the biological meaning of these genes,and reveal ulcerative colitis's pathogenesis.Methods:Gene expression profiles(GSE22307)were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database.We conducted differential screens of the expression of genes(differentially expressed genes)between two groups using the online tool Gene Expression Omnibus 2R,then use the ClueGO plugin in Cytoscape software to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis on differentially expressed genes.Molecular Complex Detection plugin was used to visualize differentially expressed genes'gene-gene interaction network and screen for gene modules.The cytohubba plugin was used to screen the hub genes and then analyzed with the ClueGO plugin to further understand ulcerative colitis's specific biological mechanism.Result:A total of 1,151 differentially expressed genes were identified,among which 798 were upregulated,and the remaining 353 were down-regulated.The gene ontology results revealed that these differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in inflammation,cytokine activity,protein binding,and several other biological processes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the differentially expressed genes were mainly increased in the TNF and IL-17 signaling pathway.Using the gene-gene interaction network analysis,we found that IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF may be responsible for ulcerative colitis's occurrence and development.Those target genes were enriched mainly in the neutrophil apoptotic process and positive regulation of humoral immune response.Conclusion:The results of our study indicated that those differentially expressed genes,especially IL1B,PTPRC,ITPKB,ITGAM,IL6,and TNF,may be associated with the development and progression of ulcerative colitis.
基金Othe Natural Science Foundation of China(42071084&U22A20565)Science and Technology Research Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMHE-CXTD-01&IMHE-CXTD-02)+1 种基金Science and Technology Plan Projects of Tibet Autonomous Region(XZ202301YD0002-03)the National Key RD Program of China(2023YFC3008300).
文摘The quantitative assessment of glacier flow velocity dynamics plays a pivotal role in understanding its response mechanisms concerning climate warming.This work provides a systematic quantitative assessment of the deceleration status of glaciers in this region by investigating the motion evolution of typical glaciers in Mount Gongga in recent years,thereby revealing the seasonal dynamics and inter-annual evolution over an extensive time span.We used the optical flow-small baseline subset(OF-SBAS)method to compute the time-series velocities of the Hai-luogou Glacier and the Mozigou Glacier using 178 archived Sentinel-1 satellite synthetic aperture radar(SAR)images from 2014 to 2021.The findings revealed a prominent seasonal pattern in glacier motion,characterised by cyclic variations in velocity from cold to warm seasons.Moreover,we identified variations in velocities across distinct regions of the glacier surface,underscored by the lag in the peak time node of glacier flow with increasing elevation.This pattern may have been determined by a combination of internal and external factors,including mass accumulation and ablation-driven subglacial drainage,as well as the glacier geomorphological setting.Furthermore,during 2015-2021,the glaciers on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga exhibited an overarching trend of deceleration.Notably,the ablation area of the Hailuogou Glacier recorded the most substantial deceleration,exceeding 8%per year.This study underscores the efficacy of the OF-SBAS method in extracting long-term glacier velocities.This work also establishes a robust foundation for the analysis of spatiotemporal fluctuations in glacier movement within the context of climate warming.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Proteomics research on the complexes of Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)and Salvia miltiorrhiza anti-reperfusion arrhythmia based on the iTRAQ technology.No.81173185)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Proteomics research on the complexes of Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)and Salvia miltiorrhiza anti-reperfusion arrhythmia based on the iTRAQ technology.No.ZD201111)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Province Graduate Students Research Key Project(Proteomics research on the complexes of Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)and Salvia miltiorrhiza anti-reperfusion arrhythmia based on the iTRAQ technology.No.YJSCX2012-334HLJ)Outstanding Talents Support Program of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine(Proteomics research on the complexes of Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)and Salvia miltiorrhiza anti-reperfusion arrhythmia based on the iTRAQ technology,2012)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the impact of total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)on the expression of vascular smooth muscle membrane L-type calcium channel alpha1 C subunit(CaL-α1C) and ATP-sensitive K+channel(KATP)-Kir6.1mRNA, and explore the mechanisms of the antiarrhythmic effect of Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)total flavonoids.METHODS: The treatment group was fed total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati)for 7 days by gavage with 100 mg·kg﹣1·d﹣1.The blank control group and model control group were given the same amount of normal saline for 7 d.Arrhythmias were induced by performing a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and electrocardiogram was observed. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of CaL-α1CandKATP-Kir6.1 mRNA in the myocardial cell membrane of all groups of rats. RESULTS: Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can delay the appearance of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias,shorten the duration of myocardial ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias, reduce heart rate, reduce cell membrane expression of CaL-α1C mRNA and enhance the expression of KATP-Kir6.1 mRNAin myocardial ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmic rats.CONCLUSION: Total flavonoids from Ganshanbian(Herba Hyperici Attenuati) can alleviate arrhythmias by affecting the expression of L-type calcium channels and ATP-sensitiveK+ channels.
基金This study was funded by the Chinese mega project of science research for major new drugs innovationdevelopment research for quality control of JE live attenuated vaccine and polio vaccine(Grant No.20142014ZX09304316-003).
文摘In the course of isolating the attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine SA14-14-2,two attenuated strains SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 were also obtained that elicited low antibody responses in humans(o10%and 62%,respectively)and exerted much weaker immune protection in animal challenge experiments.However,the reason for these differences remains unknown.In order to understand why SA14-14-2 is superior to SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3,we employed a reverse genetics method to identify the key mutations in the virus genome that determine the immunogenicity of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis viruses.We first sequenced the full genomic sequences of SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 and found mutations that changed four amino-acid base pairs when compared to the envelope gene of SA14-14-2.We mutated the genome of SA14-14-2 to generate these mutations both singly(E-177,E-264,E-279 and E-315)and in combination(E-177/264,E-279/315 and E-177/264/279/315)and tested these mutants along with parental strains SA14-14-2,SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3 for their immunogenicity in vivo.When mice were immunized with SA14-9-7 and SA14-5-3,lower levels of neutralizing antibodies were generated compared with the immune response to SA14-14-2.Furthermore,SA14-5-3 was more immunogenic than SA14-9-7,which replicated the results previously seen in humans.Point mutations E-177,E-264,E-279 and E-315 diminished the immunogenicity of SA14-14-2 with E-264 and E-315,contributing the most to this phenotype.The mutant rJEV(E-177/E-264/E-279/E-315)containing all four point mutations exhibited the lowest immunogenicity with a seroconversion rate of 0 at an inoculation dose of 103 PFU(plaque-forming unit).We have identified the key amino acids in the envelope protein that account for the superior immunogenicity of SA14-14-2.
