Copper sulfate(CuSO4)is widely used in controlling the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms.Many studies reported the toxicity mechanisms of Cu^2+to M.aeruginosa at the physiological level,but little is known about a transcr...Copper sulfate(CuSO4)is widely used in controlling the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms.Many studies reported the toxicity mechanisms of Cu^2+to M.aeruginosa at the physiological level,but little is known about a transcriptomic basis of these mechanisms.In the present study,M.aeruginosa was treated by 0.5 mg/L Cu^2+(half of the 96-h EC50)for 72 h.The results show that CH2+content in M.aeruginosa increased after 72 h Cu^2+exposure,whereas the Fv/Fm chlorophyll fluorescence value and chlorophyll a content in M.aeruginosa sharply decreased.Reactive oxygen species concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase)were all increased.These physiological data confirmed toxicity of Cu^2+to m.aeruginosa.The RNA-seq analysis showed that 6646725 and 7880291 clean reads were obtained for the Cu-treated and control libraries,respectively.The 595 genes(252 downward trend and 343 upward trend)with the Gene Ontology(GO)annotations were divided into three main functional categories:cellular component,molecular function,and biological process.In the Cluster of Orthologous Groups(COG)annotation,418 differentially expressed genes with 25 functional definitions were obtained.Among them,‘replication,recombination and repair’,‘energy production and conversion’,and‘general function prediction only’were the largest three groups of transcripts.In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis,genes involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were present at the highest percentages.In addition,the genes involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were identified,and then confirmed using real-time PCR.This study reported the first transcriptome of M.aeruginosa.Photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were severely affected by Cu^2+toxicity,which may have contributed to cell death.These data provide the potential mechanism to explain the CuSO4 effect on the harmful M.aeruginosa.展开更多
Wal-Mart’s Darwinism deserves our attention. Aiming at the problems caused by Wal-Mart, this article gives a profound analysis on the concept and model of the enterprise ecosystem and expounds basic characters (such ...Wal-Mart’s Darwinism deserves our attention. Aiming at the problems caused by Wal-Mart, this article gives a profound analysis on the concept and model of the enterprise ecosystem and expounds basic characters (such as integrity, hierarchy, functionality, autoregulation etc.) with relevant theories and knowledge of systematology and ecology, and puts forward ecological principles for the construction of harmonious enterprises’ ecosystem (such as principle of interaction, principle of co-evolution, principle of ecoflow, principle of ecological niche, principle of limiting factor and principle of ecological equilibrium) in order to provide new ideas for enterprises’ operation decisions and to promote the whole enterprise ecosystem to develop more healthily, harmoniously and sustainably.展开更多
Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal...Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal energy storage(LTES)systems is hampered due to its high supercooling and low thermal conductivity.In this work,modified A-alum(M-PCM)containing different nucleating agents was prepared and further adsorbed in expanded graphite(EG)to obtain composite phase change material(CPCM)to overcome the disadvantages of A-alum.Thermal properties,thermal cycle stability,microstructure and chemical compatibility of CPCM were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,thermal constant analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cold rewarming phenomenon of CPCM was established and explained.Results showed that the latent heat and melting point of CPCM were 187.22 J/g and 91.54℃,respectively.The supercooling of CPCM decreased by 9.61℃,and thermal conductivity increased by 27 times compared with pure A-alum.Heat storage and release tests indicated that 2 wt%calcium chloride dihydrate(CCD,CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)was the optimum nucleating agent for A-alum.The result of TG and 30 thermal cycles revealed that CPCM exhibited favorable thermal stability and reliability during the operating temperature.The prepared modified A-alum/EG CPCM has a promising application prospect for LTES.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20180728)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2017377)the Creation Project of Major New Species of Agriculture in Jiangsu Province(No.PZCZ201742)
文摘Copper sulfate(CuSO4)is widely used in controlling the Microcystis aeruginosa blooms.Many studies reported the toxicity mechanisms of Cu^2+to M.aeruginosa at the physiological level,but little is known about a transcriptomic basis of these mechanisms.In the present study,M.aeruginosa was treated by 0.5 mg/L Cu^2+(half of the 96-h EC50)for 72 h.The results show that CH2+content in M.aeruginosa increased after 72 h Cu^2+exposure,whereas the Fv/Fm chlorophyll fluorescence value and chlorophyll a content in M.aeruginosa sharply decreased.Reactive oxygen species concentration and activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase and peroxidase)were all increased.These physiological data confirmed toxicity of Cu^2+to m.aeruginosa.The RNA-seq analysis showed that 6646725 and 7880291 clean reads were obtained for the Cu-treated and control libraries,respectively.The 595 genes(252 downward trend and 343 upward trend)with the Gene Ontology(GO)annotations were divided into three main functional categories:cellular component,molecular function,and biological process.In the Cluster of Orthologous Groups(COG)annotation,418 differentially expressed genes with 25 functional definitions were obtained.Among them,‘replication,recombination and repair’,‘energy production and conversion’,and‘general function prediction only’were the largest three groups of transcripts.In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis,genes involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were present at the highest percentages.In addition,the genes involved in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were identified,and then confirmed using real-time PCR.This study reported the first transcriptome of M.aeruginosa.Photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were severely affected by Cu^2+toxicity,which may have contributed to cell death.These data provide the potential mechanism to explain the CuSO4 effect on the harmful M.aeruginosa.
基金Supported by Hunan Judge Committee of Philosophy & Social Science Foundation (No. 0402003)by Science Research Item of Hainan University 2004 (No. Kyjj0409).
文摘Wal-Mart’s Darwinism deserves our attention. Aiming at the problems caused by Wal-Mart, this article gives a profound analysis on the concept and model of the enterprise ecosystem and expounds basic characters (such as integrity, hierarchy, functionality, autoregulation etc.) with relevant theories and knowledge of systematology and ecology, and puts forward ecological principles for the construction of harmonious enterprises’ ecosystem (such as principle of interaction, principle of co-evolution, principle of ecoflow, principle of ecological niche, principle of limiting factor and principle of ecological equilibrium) in order to provide new ideas for enterprises’ operation decisions and to promote the whole enterprise ecosystem to develop more healthily, harmoniously and sustainably.
基金supported by the National key research and development plan of China(No.2022YFC3800401)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-BD-20-09A).
文摘Thermal energy storage(TES)using phase change materials(PCMs)is a powerful solution to the improvement of energy efficiency.The application of Ammonium alum(A-alum,NH4Al(SO_(4))_(2)·12H_(2)O)in the latent thermal energy storage(LTES)systems is hampered due to its high supercooling and low thermal conductivity.In this work,modified A-alum(M-PCM)containing different nucleating agents was prepared and further adsorbed in expanded graphite(EG)to obtain composite phase change material(CPCM)to overcome the disadvantages of A-alum.Thermal properties,thermal cycle stability,microstructure and chemical compatibility of CPCM were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry,thermal constant analysis,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The cold rewarming phenomenon of CPCM was established and explained.Results showed that the latent heat and melting point of CPCM were 187.22 J/g and 91.54℃,respectively.The supercooling of CPCM decreased by 9.61℃,and thermal conductivity increased by 27 times compared with pure A-alum.Heat storage and release tests indicated that 2 wt%calcium chloride dihydrate(CCD,CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O)was the optimum nucleating agent for A-alum.The result of TG and 30 thermal cycles revealed that CPCM exhibited favorable thermal stability and reliability during the operating temperature.The prepared modified A-alum/EG CPCM has a promising application prospect for LTES.
