Detailed information on venom yield is helpful in preparing antivenoms and treating snakebites, but such information is lacking for many species of venomous snakes. The Chinese cobra(Naja atra) is a large sized, venom...Detailed information on venom yield is helpful in preparing antivenoms and treating snakebites, but such information is lacking for many species of venomous snakes. The Chinese cobra(Naja atra) is a large sized, venomous snake commonly found in southeastern China, where it causes a heavy burden of snakebites. To examine the effects of various factors(morphology, sex, age, season, and geographical origin) on the venom yield in this snake, we collected venom samples of 446 individuals(426 adults and 20 neonates) from 10 populations of N. atra over an eightyear period. We used two variables, lyophilized venom mass(venom yield) and solid content of venom(% solids), to quantify the venom yield. We used linear regression analysis to check if venom yield was related to morphological factors, one-way ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA to detect the sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation in venom yield, and repeated-measures ANOVA to examine seasonal shifts in venom yield. Our results indicate that venom yield of N. atra is positively related to the morphological traits examined, with male snakes expelling more venom than females. Venom yield in N. atra was age-related, with elder snakes always expelling more venom than younger ones. Geographic variation in venom yield was also observed, while seasonal variation was not. The solid content of venom was lower in males than in females, but this was not related to morphology, season, age, or geography. Our findings suggest that venom yield in N. atra is influenced by multiple factors, as well as by the interactions among these factors.展开更多
妊娠期自发性腹腔内出血(spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy,SHiP)是一种严重的妊娠并发症,临床罕见且表现缺乏特异性,与子宫内膜异位症密切相关,会增加母胎不良结局的发生率。报告1例SHiP患者经手术救治,母胎平安的病例。该患...妊娠期自发性腹腔内出血(spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy,SHiP)是一种严重的妊娠并发症,临床罕见且表现缺乏特异性,与子宫内膜异位症密切相关,会增加母胎不良结局的发生率。报告1例SHiP患者经手术救治,母胎平安的病例。该患者30岁,初产妇,既往有子宫内膜异位症病史,本次妊娠前4个月因双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂行腹腔镜手术。于妊娠39+2周因持续下腹疼痛半小时入院,考虑有胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥可能,行紧急剖宫产,术中见腹腔内出血1200 mL,娩出一女婴,1 min Apgar评分10分,胎盘未见早剥征象。盆腔探查见子宫右后壁中下段一新生静脉血管自发性破裂,伴活动性出血,局部予缝合止血。因此,临床上对于SHiP应及时发现、快速诊断,选择合适的干预措施,有助于改善母胎妊娠结局。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31101635, 31471995 and 31770428)Zhejiang Provincial Foundation of Science (LY14C030007)Open Fund of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology
文摘Detailed information on venom yield is helpful in preparing antivenoms and treating snakebites, but such information is lacking for many species of venomous snakes. The Chinese cobra(Naja atra) is a large sized, venomous snake commonly found in southeastern China, where it causes a heavy burden of snakebites. To examine the effects of various factors(morphology, sex, age, season, and geographical origin) on the venom yield in this snake, we collected venom samples of 446 individuals(426 adults and 20 neonates) from 10 populations of N. atra over an eightyear period. We used two variables, lyophilized venom mass(venom yield) and solid content of venom(% solids), to quantify the venom yield. We used linear regression analysis to check if venom yield was related to morphological factors, one-way ANOVA and one-way ANCOVA to detect the sexual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation in venom yield, and repeated-measures ANOVA to examine seasonal shifts in venom yield. Our results indicate that venom yield of N. atra is positively related to the morphological traits examined, with male snakes expelling more venom than females. Venom yield in N. atra was age-related, with elder snakes always expelling more venom than younger ones. Geographic variation in venom yield was also observed, while seasonal variation was not. The solid content of venom was lower in males than in females, but this was not related to morphology, season, age, or geography. Our findings suggest that venom yield in N. atra is influenced by multiple factors, as well as by the interactions among these factors.
文摘妊娠期自发性腹腔内出血(spontaneous hemoperitoneum in pregnancy,SHiP)是一种严重的妊娠并发症,临床罕见且表现缺乏特异性,与子宫内膜异位症密切相关,会增加母胎不良结局的发生率。报告1例SHiP患者经手术救治,母胎平安的病例。该患者30岁,初产妇,既往有子宫内膜异位症病史,本次妊娠前4个月因双侧卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿破裂行腹腔镜手术。于妊娠39+2周因持续下腹疼痛半小时入院,考虑有胎儿窘迫、胎盘早剥可能,行紧急剖宫产,术中见腹腔内出血1200 mL,娩出一女婴,1 min Apgar评分10分,胎盘未见早剥征象。盆腔探查见子宫右后壁中下段一新生静脉血管自发性破裂,伴活动性出血,局部予缝合止血。因此,临床上对于SHiP应及时发现、快速诊断,选择合适的干预措施,有助于改善母胎妊娠结局。
