炼铁工序减污降碳协同增效技术评估方法研究

为推广减污降碳协同控制技术,以炼铁工序为研究对象,从协同度、成本收益和环境影响3个维度评价炼铁工序源头、过程节能技术、末端治理技术和低碳技术的协同控制效益。从污染物和碳排放协同度分析来看,源头、过程节能技术能有效推动炼铁工序污染物和碳排放的协同减排,而末端控制技术对污染物和温室气体的减排不具有协同性。绿氢冶炼技术和熔剂性球团制备技术污碳减排协同度较高,此外高炉喷吹焦炉煤气技术、高炉煤气回收技术和高炉热风炉双预热能协同减少VOCs和碳排放。在当前我国碳交易价格条件下,从成本收益分析来看节能技术和污染物末端治理技术具有可推广性。随着碳交易价格的上涨,绿氢冶炼和碳捕集(CCS)技术减排成本呈下降趋势。绿氢冶炼技术、污染物末端治理技术最能有效地减少环境影响,其他节能技术也能相应减少环境影响,而现有条件下CCS技术的实施会增加对环境的影响。综合污染物和温室气体协同减排的协同度、经济效益和环境效益评估,炼铁工序中源头防治和节能技术可作为我国现阶段减污降碳协同增效技术进行推广,随着未来碳交易价格的增长和能源的转型,绿氢冶炼技术和CCS技术具有较大应用前景。

Liquid Metal-Based Self-Healable and Elastic Conductive Fiber in Complex Operating Conditions

Flexible conductive fibers are essential for wearable electronics and smart electronic textiles.However,in complex operating conditions,conductive fibers will inevitably fracture or damage.Herein,we have developed an elastic conductive self-healable fiber(C-SHF),of which the electrical and mechanical properties can efficiently heal in a wide operating range,including room temperature,underwater,and low temperature.This advantage can be owed to the combination of reversible covalent imine bond and disulfide bond,as well as the instantaneous self-healing ability of liquid metal.The C-SHF,with stretchability,conductivity stability,and universal self-healing properties,can be used as an electrical signal transmission line at high strain and under different operating conditions.Besides,C-SHF was assembled into a double-layer capacitor structure to construct a self-healable sensor,which can effectively respond to pressure as a wearable motion detector.

Changes in circulating Foxp3^+ regulatory T cells and interleukin-17-producing T helper cells during HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure

AIM:To longitudinally investigate cytokine gene expression and protein levels in Th17 and Treg cells,to observe T-cell phenotypes during hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACHBLF)and to analyze changes in Th17 and Treg phenotypes during disease progression.METHODS:We measured the expression of seven Th17/Treg differentiation-related genes and serum concentrations of the corresponding cytokines in 18ACHBLF,18 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)disease controls and 10 healthy controls(HCs)by real-time quantitative pCR and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.peripheral Th17 and Treg cell frequencies were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:From the onset of ACHBLF,patients presented with a conductive Th17 differentiation cytokine environment accompanied by high Th17 frequency and high serum IL-17 levels,which were sustained throughout the disease course.The Treg-related cytokine IL-2and Foxp3 were also up-regulated from disease onset,and Foxp3 gene expression showed a gradually increasing trend during ACHBLF.The circular phenotype of Treg and Th17 cells showed changes from the onset of ACHGLF.At disease onset,Th17 frequency increased significantly compared with both CHB and HCs,but Treg cell frequency decreased significantly compared with CHB.During the ACHBLF event,Th17 frequency remained higher compared with HCs,but decreased sharply from the peak point to the recovery point;Treg cell frequency increased gradually during the ACHBLF event.Treg and Th17 cell counts correlated with ACHBLF development;in all patients,serum IL-17 levels significantly correlated with patient serum ALT levels.In survivors,Th17 frequency at the onset point and the Treg to Th17 ratio at the peak point correlated with the patient’s model for end stage liver disease(MELD)plus sodium(MELD-Na)score.The Treg to Th17 ratio and the Th17 frequency at onset were significant predictors of patient survival.Low Treg/Th17 cell ratios at the onset predicted poor survival.Survivors exhibited an initial decrease in the circulating Treg/Th17 ratio from the onset to the peak time,and subsequently displayed a continuous increase.CONCLUSION:Treg and Th17 cells showed changes in genes,protein levels and T cell phenotypes during ACHBLF events.An increased Treg/Th17 ratio was associated with the survival of ACHBLF patients.

流场下纳米粒子的分布对不相容共混物形态结构的影响

探讨了剪切流场下二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子表面性质(亲水或疏水)及复配对聚异丁烯(PIB)/聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不相容共混物形态演变的影响。结果表明,加入单一表面性质(亲水或疏水)的粒子均能有效抑制分散相的凝聚,亲水粒子的尺寸细化效应与其分布有关,而疏水粒子与其分布无关。对于混杂粒子填充的PIB/PDMS共混体系,不同配比的混杂粒子均能阻碍分散相的凝聚。但是,当其中的疏水粒子分布在界面处且处于基体相中时比分布在分散相且处于界面能更有效地阻碍分散相的凝聚。

不同剂量氯吡格雷对急性脑梗死患者FDP、Hcy、CRP水平及预后的影响

目的探讨不同剂量氯吡格雷对急性脑梗死患者纤维蛋白原降解产物(FDP)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平及预后的影响。方法选取2018年4月至2020年4月期间于兵器工业五二一医院接受治疗的102例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为常规剂量组和大剂量组,每组51例。常规剂量组患者给予氯吡格雷75 mg,大剂量组患者给予氯吡格雷150 mg治疗,其中常规剂量组75 mg/次,1次/d,大剂量组150 mg/次,1次/d,两组均连续治疗4周。比较两组患者治疗前后的神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、FDP、Hcy、CRP水平、血小板聚集率、D-二聚体(D-D)水平,同时比较两组患者短期梗死复发率及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,大剂量组患者的NIHSS评分为(4.69±1.08)分,明显低于常规剂量组的(7.48±1.88)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,大剂量组患者的FDP、Hcy、CRP水平分别为(2.14±0.32)g/L、(15.32±4.02)μmol/L、(6.56±1.24)mg/L,明显低于常规剂量组的(3.39±0.88)g/L、(18.77±4.35)μmol/L、(9.31±2.47)mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,大剂量组患者的血小板聚集率和D-D水平分别为(48.69±9.18)%,(125.32±11.02)μg/L,明显低于常规剂量组的(59.97±9.64)%、(148.77±11.35)μg/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);大剂量组患者的短期梗死复发率为1.96%,略低于常规剂量组的5.88%,不良反应总发生率为19.61%,略高于常规剂量组的11.76%,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与常规剂量相比,大剂量氯吡格雷对急性脑梗死患者效果更显著,其不仅能明显抑制血小板聚集,促进神经功能恢复,改善FDP、Hcy、CRP水平,且不良反应并未明显增加。

Thymoquinone and Poloxin are slow-irreversible inhibitors to human Polo-like kinase 1 Polo-box domain

Objective:To provide a kinetic model(s) and reveal the mechanism of thymoquinone and Poloxin blocking an emerging anti-cancer target,human Polo-like kinase 1(hPlk1) Polo-box domain(PBD).Methods:The binding kinetics was determined by using a fluorescence polarization based assay.The putative mechanism was examined with a competition test.Results:Thymoquinone follows a one-step binding with an association rate constant(k1) of 6.635×103 L·mol-1·min-1.Poloxin fit a two-step binding with a dissociation constant(Ki) of 118 μmol/L for the intermediate complex and its isomerization rate(k4) of 0.131 5 min-1 to form an irreversible adduct.No significant dissociation was observed for either ligand up to 13 h.The inhibitors responded insignificantly to the presence of Michael donors as hPlk1-PBD competitors.Conclusion:Thymoquinone and Poloxin are slow-tight ligands to the hPlk1-PBD with kinetic models distinct from each other.Michael addition as the mechanism is excluded.

Experimental study on the parameter optimization and application of a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor in diesel particulate filter regeneration

To compensate for the shortcomings of the thermal and catalytic regeneration of the diesel particulate filter(DPF),a self-designed packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reactor for DPF regeneration was developed.The DBD reactor with the main active substance of nonthermal plasma(NTP)as the target parameter was optimized by adjusting the feed gas,packing particles(material or size),and cooling water temperature.Moreover,a set of optimal working parameters(gas source,O_2;packing particles,1.2–1.4 mm ZrO_(2);and cooling water temperature,20℃)was selected to evaluate the effect of different O_(3) concentrations on DPF regeneration.The research results showed that selecting packing particles with high dielectric constant and large particles,as well as reducing the cooling water temperature,with oxygen as the feed gas,contributed to an increase in O_(3) concentration.During DPF regeneration,the following changes were observed:the power of the NTP reactor decreased to lower than 100 W,the O_(3) concentration increased from 15 g m^(-3) to 45 g m^(-3),the CO and CO_2 volume fractions of the particulate matter decomposition products increased,and the peak regeneration temperature increased to 173.4℃.The peak temperature arrival time was 60 min earlier,indicating that the regeneration rate of DPF increased with the increase in O_(3) concentration.However,the O_(3) utilization rate(the amount of carbon deposit removed per unit volume O_(3))initially increased and then decreased;when the O_(3) concentration was set to 25 g m^(-3),the highest O_(3) utilization rate was reached.The packed-bed DBD technology contributed to the increase in the concentration of NTP active substances and the regeneration efficiency of DPF.It provides a theoretical and experimental basis for high-efficiency regeneration of DPF at low temperatures(<200℃).

Guided lithium nucleation and growth on lithiophilic tin-decorated copper substrate

Lithium metal is the ultimate anode choice for high energy rechargeable lithium batteries owing to its ultra-high theoretical capacity,however,Li dendrites and low Coulombic efficiency(CE)caused by disordered Li plating restrict its practical application.Herein,we develop an ultrathin Sn-decorated Cu substrate(Sn@Cu)fabricated by an electroless plating method to induce ordered Li nucleation and growth behavior.The lithiophilic Sn interfacial layer is found to play a critical role to lower the Li nucleation over-potential and promote fast Li-migration kinetics,and the underlying mechanism is revealed using the first principle calculations.Accordingly,a dense dendrite-free and Li deposition with large granular morphology is obtained,which significantly improved the CE and cycling performance of Li‖Sn@Cu half cells symmetric cells.Symmetric cells using the Li-Sn@Cu electrode display a much-prolonged life span(>1200 h)with low overpotential(~18 mV)at a high current density of 1 mA cm^(-2).Moreover,full cells paired with commercial LiFePO_(4) cathode(1.8 mAh cm^(-2))deliver enhanced cycling stability(0.5 C,300 cycles)and excellent rate performance.This work provides a simple and effective way to bring about high efficiency and long lifespan substrates for practical applications.

Analysis of the microstructure and elemental occurrence state of residual ash-PM following DPF regeneration by injecting oxygen into non-thermal plasma

Particulate matter(PM)capture tests were carried out on clean diesel particulate filters(DPFs)under different loads(25%,50%,75%and 100%).DPFs were regenerated by a non-thermal plasma(NTP)injection device.Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate changes in the microstructure and element occurrence state of the sediment in DPF channel before and after regeneration.The order of the PM samples decreased before NTP treatment as the load increased;the amorphous carbon content was high,and the oxidationactivity was higher.After NTP treatment,the carbon atoms at the edge of the microcrystalline structure in the ash-PM samples were oxidized,and the structure was reorganized;in addition,the amorphous carbon content decreased,and the structure was more diversified.Before NTP,the C element of PM samples was the main component,and the content of the O element was relatively low.The C element occurred in the form of C–C,C–OH,and O–C=O functional groups,and O atoms were mainly combined with C–O.After NTP,the content of Na,P,S,Ca,and other inorganic elements in ash-PM samples was prominent because C atoms were removed by NTP active substances.There were two forms of S element occurrence(SO42-and SO32-);the proportion of SO42-was approximately 40%,and the proportion of SO32-was approximately60%.Study of the microstructure and element occurrence of the residues in the DPF channels improved our understanding of the mechanism of the low-temperature regeneration of DPFfrom NTP.

Epidural analgesia followed by epidural hydroxyethyl starch prevented post-dural puncture headache:Twenty case reports and a review of the literature

BACKGROUND Accidental dural puncture(ADP)and subsequent post-dural puncture headache(PDPH)remain common complications of epidural procedures for obstetric anesthesia and analgesia.No clear consensus exists on the best way to prevent PDPH after ADP.CASE SUMMARY We report our findings in twenty parturients who underwent an incorporated strategy of epidural analgesia followed by epidural hydroxyethyl starch(HES)to prevent PDPH after ADP with a 16-gauge Tuohy needle during epidural procedures.ADP with a 16-gauge Tuohy needle occurred in nine parturients undergoing a cesarean section(CS)and in eleven parturients receiving labor analgesia.An epidural catheter was re-sited at the same or adjacent intervertebral space in all patients.After CS,the epidural catheter was used for postoperative pain relief over a 48-h period.After delivery in eleven cases,epidural infusion was maintained for 24 h.Thereafter,15 mL of 6%HES 130/0.4 was administered via the epidural catheter immediately prior to catheter removal.None of the parturients developed PDPH or neurologic deficits over a follow-up period of at least two months to up to one year postpartum.CONCLUSION An incorporated strategy of epidural analgesia followed by epidural hydroxyethyl starch may have great efficacy in preventing PDPH after ADP.

适用于聚变装置偏滤器部件的高热负荷测试平台真空腔体系统设计

对托卡马克聚变装置偏滤器的高热负荷测试平台真空腔体系统进行了结构设计,其中包括真空室、真空抽气系统、部件调节机构、小型水冷系统和电子枪操作平台,利用Ansys对真空室主体结构的合理性和可靠性进行了验证。模拟结果表明:真空室外壁温度不超过50℃,真空室及其支撑上的最大应力分别为134.49MPa和48.76MPa,满足许用应力3S_(m)值620MPa的要求。

3D-ASL技术联合磁共振血管成像对短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断价值

目的探讨三维动脉自旋标记(3D-ASL)技术联合磁共振血管成像(MRA)对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的诊断价值。方法选取2018年10月至2021年2月我院接诊的40例TIA患者设为疾病组,另抽取同时间至我院检查的40名健康者设为对照组。所有研究对象均实施3D-ASL、MRA诊断及血流指标测定。以病理学诊断为金标准,比较3D-ASL、MRA及3D-ASL联合MRA对TIA诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果3D-ASL联合MRA对TIA的诊断灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值均高于3D-ASL、MRA,3D-ASL联合MRA对TIA的诊断特异度高于MRA,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3D-ASL技术联合MRA可显著提升TIA诊断的准确性,具有重要的临床应用价值,并有助于提升TIA患者的确诊速度。

床旁检测cTnI、CK-MB在老年急性心肌梗死患者中的早期诊断价值

目的探讨床边检测(point-of-care testing,POCT)心肌肌钙蛋白(myocardial troponin I,cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase isoenzymes,CK-MB)及两者联合在老年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者中早期诊断的价值。方法回顾性分析兵器工业521医院2014-09至2016-06收治的可疑AMI老年患者298例的临床资料,根据最终诊断分为AMI组(n=92)和非AMI组(n=206),比较两组入院后0 h(即刻)、3 h、6 h采用POCT法检测的血cTnI、CK-MB水平。以最终确诊是否为AMI(非AMI为阴性、AMI为阳性)为依据,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价cTnI、CK-MB、两者并联联合检测的诊断价值及最佳截断值。结果 (1)AMI组入院后0 h、3 h、6 h血清c Tn I水平均显著高于非AMI组(P<0.05),入院后3 h、6 h血清CK-MB水平均显著高于非AMI组(P<0.05)。(2)ROC曲线结果显示,cTnI在入院后不同时间点诊断价值均显著优于CK-MB(P<0.05),两者并联联合检测的诊断价值在各个时间点均最高(P<0.05)。进一步通过ROC曲线分析cTnI在不同入院时间点诊断AMI的最佳截断值,结果显示入院后0 h的最佳截断值为1.48 ng/ml,灵敏度和特异度分别为53.62%、57.24%,入院后3 h最佳截断值为2.79 ng/ml,灵敏度和特异度分别为61.23%、68.99%,入院后6 h最佳截断值为3.98 ng/ml,灵敏度和特异度分别为81.70%、72.53%。结论 POCT具有快速诊断老年AMI的优势,特别是全血cTnI早期诊断价值高于CK-MB,随着时间的推移,两者并联联合检测可进一步提高诊断价值。

经颅多普勒超声技术联合屏气试验评估脑梗死患者脑血管储备功能的临床价值

目的研究经颅多普勒超声技术联合屏气试验评估脑梗死患者脑血管储备功能的临床价值。方法将2019年11月至2020年12月于我院住院40例脑梗死患者设为脑梗组,另外选取同时间段至我院体检的40例健康人群,设为健康组。对全部受检者进行经颅多普勒彩色超声及屏气试验检查,并进行二诊。比较脑梗组与健康组受检者的初诊、二诊颅脑中动脉平均血流速度、脑血流指标。观察在二诊时不同障碍程度患者的脑血流指标。结果屏气前、后,脑梗组的初诊、二诊颅脑中动脉平均血流速度均低于健康组(P<0.05);屏气后,两组的初诊、二诊颅脑中动脉平均血流速度均升高,但脑梗组的变化幅度小于健康组(P<0.05)。脑梗组患者初诊、二诊的BHI、RBFV均低于健康组,PI高于健康组(P<0.05);脑梗组患者二诊的BHI、PI、RBFV均低于初诊(P<0.05)。脑梗死患者的功能障碍程度越高,其BHI、RBFV越低,PI越高。结论经颅多普勒超声技术联合屏气试验可较好地评估脑梗死患者的脑血管储备功能,值得应用。

Confining Li_(2)O_(2) in tortuous pores of mesoporous cathodes to facilitate low charge overpotentials for Li-O_(2) batteries

Achieving low charge overpotentials represents one of the most critical challenges for pursuing highperformance lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries.Herein,we propose a strategy to realize low charge overpotentials by confining the growth of lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))inside mesoporous channels of cathodes(CMK-8).The CMK-8 cathode with tortuous pore structures can extend the diffusion distance of lithium superoxide(LiO_(2))in the mesoporous channels,facilitating the further reduction of LiO_(2) to lithium peroxide(Li_(2)O_(2))inside the pores and preventing them to be diffused out of the pores.Therefore,Li_(2)O_(2) is trapped in the mesoporous channels of CMK-8 cathodes,ensuring a good Li_(2)O_(2)/CMK-8 contact interface.The CMK-8 electrode exhibits a low charge overpotential of 0.43 V and a good cycle life for 72 cycles with a fixed capacity of 500 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1).This study proposes a strategy to achieve a low charge overpotential by confining Li_(2)O_(2) growth in the mesoporous channels of cathodes.

Increased attention to snake images in cynomolgus monkeys: an eye-tracking study

Previous studies have revealed faster detection of snake images in humans and non-human primates(NHPs),suggesting automatic detection of evolutionary fear-relevant stimuli.Furthermore,human studies have indicated that general fear-relevance rather than evolutionary relevance is more effective at capturing attention.However,the issue remains unclarified in NHPs.Thus,in the present study,we explored the attentional features of laboratory-reared monkeys to evolutionary and general fear-relevant stimuli(e.g.,images of snakes,capturing gloves).Eye-tracking technology was utilized to assess attentional features as it can provide more accurate latency and variables of viewing duration and frequency compared with visual search task(VST)and response latency adopted in previous studies.In addition,those with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)show abnormal attention to threatening stimuli,including snake images.Rett syndrome(RTT)is considered a subcategory of ASD due to the display of autistic features.However,the attentional features of RTT patients or animal models to such stimuli remain unclear.Therefore,we also investigated the issue in MECP2 gene-edited RTT monkeys.The influence of different cognitive loads on attention was further explored by presenting one,two,or four images to increase stimulus complexity.The eye-tracking results revealed no significant differences between RTT and control monkeys,who all presented increased viewing(duration and frequency)of snake images but not of aversive stimuli compared with control images,thus suggesting attentional preference for evolutionary rather than general fear-relevant visual stimuli.Moreover,the preference was only revealed in visual tasks composed of two or four images,suggesting its cognitive-load dependency.

Potential use of actigraphy to measure sleep in monkeys: comparison with behavioral analysis from videography

DEAR EDITOR,Since the epoch-making observations of circadian rhythm in Mimosaceae plants,sleep has been investigated for centuries(de Mairan,1729;Du Monceau,1758).As a natural and reversible state,sleep is marked by reduced responsiveness to external stimuli,relative inactivity,and loss of consciousness.Although reduced responsiveness could potentially introduce significant danger to survival,nearly all animals in nature sleep.

Study on Technology Efficiency of China Rape Production:Based on Measurement and Analysis of Panel Data in 14 Main Production Provinces of Rape during 2006-2013

Panel data of rape input and output in 14 rape production provinces of China during 2006- 2013 were measured by data envelopment analysis(DEA). According to the measurement results,average scores of technology efficiency in Henan,Hunan,Jiangsu,Sichuan,Zhejiang and Chongqing were all 1,while average scores of Anhui,Qinghai,Yunnan,Gansu and Shaanxi were lower,which ranked latter in the 14 provinces. To further study the reason for lower pure technology efficiency in the 5 provinces,relaxation amount and relaxation degree of factor input in the year when its pure technology efficiency was not 1 were collected,thereby obtaining surplus situation of factor input in rape production of the 5 provinces. Moreover,the phenomenon that redundancy degree of farm manure surpassed that of chemical fertilizer,and material cost per mu was excess largely in the 5 provinces was explained,and some suggestions were proposed.

Highly electronegative PtAu alloy for simultaneous hydrogen generation and ethanol upgrading

Simultaneous electrochemical synthesis of high-valueadded chemicals and hydrogen is a promising technology for efficient carbon utilization and renewable energy storage. However, the lack of rational guidance for designing efficient catalysts for electrosynthesis significantly hinders its development.

Recent advances in cathode catalyst architecture for lithium–oxygen batteries

Lithium–oxygen(Li–O_(2))batteries have great potential for applications in electric devices and vehicles due to their high theoretical energy density of 3500 Wh kg^(-1).Unfortunately,their practical use is seriously limited by the sluggish decomposition of insulating Li_(2)O_(2),leading to high OER overpotentials and the decomposition of cathodes and electrolytes.Cathode electrocatalysts with high oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution re-action(OER)activities are critical to alleviate high charge overpotentials and promote cycling stability in Li–O_(2)batteries.However,constructing catalysts for high OER performance and energy efficiency is always challenging.In this mini-review,we first outline the employment of advanced electrocatalysts such as carbon materials,noble and non-noble metals,and metal–organic frameworks to improve battery performance.We then detail the ORR and OER mechanisms of photo-assisted electrocatalysts and single-atom catalysts for superior Li–O_(2)battery performance.Finally,we offer perspectives on future development directions for cathode electrocatalysts that will boost the OER kinetics.