Concerning the determination of excessive defense,the main problems are the judicial practice of determining excessive defense only based on the resul of harm inflicted on a perpetrator;identifying excessive harm gene...Concerning the determination of excessive defense,the main problems are the judicial practice of determining excessive defense only based on the resul of harm inflicted on a perpetrator;identifying excessive harm generally as an intentional crime;limiting the scope of exemption from punishmen of excessive defense relatively narrowly as well as repeated appraisals and indirect punishments.For the improvement of judicial determination of excessive defense,the following efforts should be made.First,from the perspective of ex ante,determining the necessary limits as the standard of whether the act of defense was necessary to stop unlawful infringement Second,paying due attention to the influence of the awareness of defense on the form of culpability and in general circumstances determining excessive defense as a negligent crime.Third,giving sufficient consideration of the extent to which the possibility of anticipation decreased when the defender was faced with unlawful infringement and expanding the scope of exemption from punishment for excessive defense.Fourth,avoiding repeated appraisals and indirect punishments by analyzing the factual grounds and essentia foundations of the circumstances of lesser or greater punishments.展开更多
目的探讨基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy,ICF)理念的康复干预模式应用在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者围手术期的治疗效果。方...目的探讨基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy,ICF)理念的康复干预模式应用在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者围手术期的治疗效果。方法 2017年6月-2019年1月,对主弯Cobb角80°以下的AIS患者通过区组随机法分为试验组和对照组。在患者围手术期,试验组实行基于ICF理念的康复治疗方案,对照组实行常规康复治疗方案。观察两组患者包含功能、活动等维度的整体治疗效果。结果共纳入患者40例,试验组和对照组各20例。对照组中途退出2例。术后第4天,试验组改良Barthel指数总评分[(50.55±8.87)vs.(18.99±5.63)分,t=13.264,P<0.001]、脊柱侧凸研究学会22项问卷量表(Scoliosis Research Society-22,SRS-22)总分[(3.68±0.13)vs.(3.27±0.11)分,t=10.355,P<0.001],均优于对照组。其中,试验组与对照组SRS-22评分中的功能[(2.79±0.29)vs.(1.90±0.48)分,t=6.884,P<0.001]、自我印象[(3.91±0.27)vs.(3.38±0.32)分,t=5.539,P<0.001]维度评分比较,差异均有统计学意义。但两组患者的疼痛指标、选取的下肢三对关键肌,在术后两次评定中,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于ICF理念的康复治疗方案能在安全可接受的前提下,改善患者的日常生活能力,并通过激发自主性、提高独立性、促进社交性的治疗方案,提高患者的整体状态。展开更多
文摘Concerning the determination of excessive defense,the main problems are the judicial practice of determining excessive defense only based on the resul of harm inflicted on a perpetrator;identifying excessive harm generally as an intentional crime;limiting the scope of exemption from punishmen of excessive defense relatively narrowly as well as repeated appraisals and indirect punishments.For the improvement of judicial determination of excessive defense,the following efforts should be made.First,from the perspective of ex ante,determining the necessary limits as the standard of whether the act of defense was necessary to stop unlawful infringement Second,paying due attention to the influence of the awareness of defense on the form of culpability and in general circumstances determining excessive defense as a negligent crime.Third,giving sufficient consideration of the extent to which the possibility of anticipation decreased when the defender was faced with unlawful infringement and expanding the scope of exemption from punishment for excessive defense.Fourth,avoiding repeated appraisals and indirect punishments by analyzing the factual grounds and essentia foundations of the circumstances of lesser or greater punishments.
文摘目的探讨基于国际功能、残疾和健康分类(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Healthy,ICF)理念的康复干预模式应用在青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者围手术期的治疗效果。方法 2017年6月-2019年1月,对主弯Cobb角80°以下的AIS患者通过区组随机法分为试验组和对照组。在患者围手术期,试验组实行基于ICF理念的康复治疗方案,对照组实行常规康复治疗方案。观察两组患者包含功能、活动等维度的整体治疗效果。结果共纳入患者40例,试验组和对照组各20例。对照组中途退出2例。术后第4天,试验组改良Barthel指数总评分[(50.55±8.87)vs.(18.99±5.63)分,t=13.264,P<0.001]、脊柱侧凸研究学会22项问卷量表(Scoliosis Research Society-22,SRS-22)总分[(3.68±0.13)vs.(3.27±0.11)分,t=10.355,P<0.001],均优于对照组。其中,试验组与对照组SRS-22评分中的功能[(2.79±0.29)vs.(1.90±0.48)分,t=6.884,P<0.001]、自我印象[(3.91±0.27)vs.(3.38±0.32)分,t=5.539,P<0.001]维度评分比较,差异均有统计学意义。但两组患者的疼痛指标、选取的下肢三对关键肌,在术后两次评定中,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论基于ICF理念的康复治疗方案能在安全可接受的前提下,改善患者的日常生活能力,并通过激发自主性、提高独立性、促进社交性的治疗方案,提高患者的整体状态。
