激光雷达(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)作为一门新兴的主动遥感技术,近年来由于在提取和反演森林参数水平上不断提高,被越来越多地应用于动物生态学研究中。本文通过整理和搜集国内外文献,对激光雷达的技术特点及其在森林参数提...激光雷达(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)作为一门新兴的主动遥感技术,近年来由于在提取和反演森林参数水平上不断提高,被越来越多地应用于动物生态学研究中。本文通过整理和搜集国内外文献,对激光雷达的技术特点及其在森林参数提取和动物生境上的研究进展进行综述,指出当前基于LiDAR的森林参数反演算法主要服务于森林资源调查或林学研究,缺少对动物生态或生理意义相关的参数量化信息。目前该技术在国内的动物生态学方面的应用较少,尚未见文章发表。通过总结国外学者的研究,分别从动物生境选择与三维森林结构的关系、栖息地立体生境制图、生物多样性评估和物种分布模型预测三个方面综述了LiDAR在动物生态学研究中的应用现状。相比传统方法,LiDAR技术提供的高精度三维结构信息,能够显著提高动物生境质量的评估、生物多样性的监测水平和物种分布模型的评价精度,有利于从机理上加深对物种生境选择和集群过程的理解。但目前LiDAR技术的应用主要集中在对已知的生态关系研究,尤其是冠层结构与动物分布的关系,缺少对林下层生活的动物生境质量和生物多样性的监测和评估,同时很多有关动物生存和繁衍与立体生境的关系研究有待从LiDAR数据中进一步挖掘分析。未来应加强对森林林下层三维信息的提取,提高林下层动物生境质量和生物多样性的监测水平,同时建立适用于动物生态和生理意义相关的参数,为动物生境质量和生物多样性的评估提供标准的量化指标。展开更多
The North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis),the least-known big cat,disappeared in most historical range for decades,following the development of modern civilization.Unfortunately,we have scarce knowledge ab...The North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis),the least-known big cat,disappeared in most historical range for decades,following the development of modern civilization.Unfortunately,we have scarce knowledge about the status of this big cat so far,apart from anecdotal reports.In this study,we investigated density,distribution,and habitat use of the leopard,the apex predator,in a complex forest landscape in the Loess Plateau.We used a camera-trapping network to obtain population estimates for leopards over 2 years through spatially explicit capture-recapture models.Our results,based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian/MCMC methods,reveal that the largest wild population of the leopard was found widely distributed in remnant forests in central Loess plateau.The population is increasing in our study area,and the density of leopards(1.70(SE=0.48)−2.40(SE=0.67)/100 km^(2))is higher than other areas of China.According to the analysis of 2 seasonal occupancy models,prey species drive partially the leopard habitat use,predicting that the big cat thrives from the recovery of prey community.However,human disturbances,especially oil wells,seem to have negative impacts on the habitat use of leopards.Specifically,it is necessary to have joint efforts by the government and researchers to improve human disturbances management and prey species population density,as well as strengthen the investment in research on the North Chinese leopard,which could all further strengthen protection ability and ensure the long-term survival of this species.展开更多
文摘激光雷达(light detection and ranging,LiDAR)作为一门新兴的主动遥感技术,近年来由于在提取和反演森林参数水平上不断提高,被越来越多地应用于动物生态学研究中。本文通过整理和搜集国内外文献,对激光雷达的技术特点及其在森林参数提取和动物生境上的研究进展进行综述,指出当前基于LiDAR的森林参数反演算法主要服务于森林资源调查或林学研究,缺少对动物生态或生理意义相关的参数量化信息。目前该技术在国内的动物生态学方面的应用较少,尚未见文章发表。通过总结国外学者的研究,分别从动物生境选择与三维森林结构的关系、栖息地立体生境制图、生物多样性评估和物种分布模型预测三个方面综述了LiDAR在动物生态学研究中的应用现状。相比传统方法,LiDAR技术提供的高精度三维结构信息,能够显著提高动物生境质量的评估、生物多样性的监测水平和物种分布模型的评价精度,有利于从机理上加深对物种生境选择和集群过程的理解。但目前LiDAR技术的应用主要集中在对已知的生态关系研究,尤其是冠层结构与动物分布的关系,缺少对林下层生活的动物生境质量和生物多样性的监测和评估,同时很多有关动物生存和繁衍与立体生境的关系研究有待从LiDAR数据中进一步挖掘分析。未来应加强对森林林下层三维信息的提取,提高林下层动物生境质量和生物多样性的监测水平,同时建立适用于动物生态和生理意义相关的参数,为动物生境质量和生物多样性的评估提供标准的量化指标。
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(31670537,31200410)the National Scientific and Technical Foundation Project of China(2012FY112000)Cyrus Tang Foundation(2016),and the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(2019M653714).
文摘The North Chinese leopard(Panthera pardus japonensis),the least-known big cat,disappeared in most historical range for decades,following the development of modern civilization.Unfortunately,we have scarce knowledge about the status of this big cat so far,apart from anecdotal reports.In this study,we investigated density,distribution,and habitat use of the leopard,the apex predator,in a complex forest landscape in the Loess Plateau.We used a camera-trapping network to obtain population estimates for leopards over 2 years through spatially explicit capture-recapture models.Our results,based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian/MCMC methods,reveal that the largest wild population of the leopard was found widely distributed in remnant forests in central Loess plateau.The population is increasing in our study area,and the density of leopards(1.70(SE=0.48)−2.40(SE=0.67)/100 km^(2))is higher than other areas of China.According to the analysis of 2 seasonal occupancy models,prey species drive partially the leopard habitat use,predicting that the big cat thrives from the recovery of prey community.However,human disturbances,especially oil wells,seem to have negative impacts on the habitat use of leopards.Specifically,it is necessary to have joint efforts by the government and researchers to improve human disturbances management and prey species population density,as well as strengthen the investment in research on the North Chinese leopard,which could all further strengthen protection ability and ensure the long-term survival of this species.
