Objective:The aim of this study was to prospectively compare double-tract reconstruction(DTR)and esophagogastrostomy(EG)after proximal gastrectomy(PG)regarding the incidence of reflux esophagitis,quality of life(QOL),...Objective:The aim of this study was to prospectively compare double-tract reconstruction(DTR)and esophagogastrostomy(EG)after proximal gastrectomy(PG)regarding the incidence of reflux esophagitis,quality of life(QOL),nutritional status and surgical safety.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial.Patients eligible for PG were enrolled and randomly assigned to the EG group and DTR group.The characteristics of patients,parameters for surgical safety,incidence of reflux esophagitis,nutrition status and QOL were collected and compared between the two groups.Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the significant factors affecting the incidence of reflux esophagitis after PG.Results:Thirty-seven patients of the EG group and 36 patients of the DTR group were enrolled.The incidence of reflux esophagitis was significantly lower in the DTR group than in the EG group(8.3%vs.32.4%,P=0.019).The DTR group demonstrated a more favorable QOL than the EG group after PG.The nutritional status was balanced within the EG group and the DTR group.The operation time was longer in the DTR group than in the EG group(191 min vs.221 min,P=0.001),while surgical safety was similar in the two groups.Conclusions:Our research demonstrated that DTR is superior to EG after PG in terms of the incidence of reflux esophagitis and provides a more satisfactory QOL without increasing surgical complications or sacrificing nutritional status.展开更多
随着二代测序技术的快速发展,数据量不断累积,肿瘤学家的目光逐渐由多物种测序转移至高通量测序数据的分析和比对。基因数据分析方法层出不穷,高通量的组学分析手段不断优化和创新,基因数据的挖掘和分析工作正处于飞速发展的时期。以肿...随着二代测序技术的快速发展,数据量不断累积,肿瘤学家的目光逐渐由多物种测序转移至高通量测序数据的分析和比对。基因数据分析方法层出不穷,高通量的组学分析手段不断优化和创新,基因数据的挖掘和分析工作正处于飞速发展的时期。以肿瘤病人样本为核心的数据库The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)由此应运而生,该数据库全方位记录了从临床肿瘤病人样本得到的基因数据如DNA序列、转录本信息、表观遗传学修饰等。本文主要从数据分析方法、TCGA数据库及其应用实例等3个方面详细介绍了肿瘤相关基因数据的深入挖掘和生物信息学分析方法的最新研究进展,以期为研究人员利用大数据发现肿瘤防治相关的新靶点提供借鉴和参考。展开更多
Objective: To create a nomogram to predict the incidence of lymph node metastasis(LNM) in early gastric cancer(EGC) patients and to externally validate the nomogram.Methods: To construct the nomogram,we retrospectivel...Objective: To create a nomogram to predict the incidence of lymph node metastasis(LNM) in early gastric cancer(EGC) patients and to externally validate the nomogram.Methods: To construct the nomogram,we retrospectively analyzed a primary cohort of 272 EGC patients.Univariate analysis and a binary logistic regression were performed.A nomogram predicting the incidence of LNM in EGC patients was created.The discrimination ability of the nomogram was measured using the concordance index(c-index),and the nomogram was also calibrated.Then,another prospective cohort of 81 patients was analyzed to validate the nomogram.Results: In the primary cohort,LNM was pathologically confirmed in 37(13.6%) patients.In multivariate analysis,the presence of an ulcer,the maximum lesion diameter observed via gastroscopy,the thickness of the lesion observed via endoscopic ultrasonography,and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes on computed tomography(CT) were independent risk factors for LNM.A nomogram was then created based on the regression model with the c-index of 0.905,and the calibration curve of the nomogram fell approximately on the ideal 45-degree line.The cut-off score of the nomogram was 110,and the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive and negative predictive values of the nomogram in the primary cohort were 81.1%,86.0%,47.6% and 96.7%,respectively,and in the prospective validation cohort were 75.0%,91.0%,60.0% and 95.5%,respectively.The calibration curve of the external validation cohort was almost on the 45-degree line.Conclusions: We developed an effective nomogram predicting the incidence of LNM for EGC patients.展开更多
Metal halide perovskite nanostructures have emerged as low-dimensional semiconductors of great significance in many fields such as photovoltaics,photonics,and optoelectronics.Extensive efforts on the controlled synthe...Metal halide perovskite nanostructures have emerged as low-dimensional semiconductors of great significance in many fields such as photovoltaics,photonics,and optoelectronics.Extensive efforts on the controlled synthesis of perovskite nanostructures have been made towards potential device applications.The engineering of their band structures holds great promise in the rational tuning of the electronic and optical properties of perovskite nanostructures,which is one of the keys to achieving efficient and multifunctional optoelectronic devices.In this article,we summarize recent advances in band structure engineering of perovskite nanostructures.A survey of bandgap engineering of nanostructured perovskites is firstly presented from the aspects of dimensionality tailoring,compositional substitution,phase segregation and transition,as well as strain and pressure stimuli.The strategies of electronic doping are then reviewed,including defect-induced self-doping,inorganic or organic molecules-based chemical doping,and modification by metal ions or nanostructures.Based on the bandgap engineering and electronic doping,discussions on engineering energy band alignments in perovskite nanostructures are provided for building high-performance perovskite p-n junctions and heterostructures.At last,we provide our perspectives in engineering band structures of perovskite nanostructures towards future low-energy optoelectronics technologies.展开更多
Objective:Lymph node status is critical when selecting treatment methods for patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography(CT)for detection of ...Objective:Lymph node status is critical when selecting treatment methods for patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography(CT)for detection of lymph node metastasis(LNM)in patients with EGC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients who had pathologically confirmed EGC between November2010 and January 2019.After 1:1 propensity score matching,65 patients with LNM and 65 patients without LNM were retained for comparison.The long diameter(LD)and short diameter(SD)of all visualized lymph nodes in all stations were recorded.The diagnostic value of LNM was assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results:Among 130 patients,we found a total of 558 lymph nodes on the CT images.Among the diagnostic indicators,the number,sum of LD and sum of SD of lymph nodes greater than 3 mm had better discrimination.The areas under the curve were all greater than 0.75.As for different regions,the optimal cutoff values of number,the sum of LD and sum of SD were determined as follows:overall,≥4,19.9 mm and 13.5 mm;left gastric artery basin,≥3,15.7 mm and 8.6 mm;right gastroepiploic artery basin,≥2,8.6 mm and 7.0 mm.Conclusions:CT is valuable for diagnosing LNM in EGC patients.The number,sum of LD and sum of SD of lymph nodes greater than 3 mm are preferable indicators.Different regional lymph nodes have different optimal criteria for predicting LNM in ECG patients.展开更多
Background:To combine clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer into a nomogram.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients with submucosal gastric ca...Background:To combine clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer into a nomogram.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients with submucosal gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomy between 1996 and 2012.The relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed.With multivariate logistic regression analysis,we made a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was also performed to assess the predictive value of the model.Discrimination and calibration were performed using internal validation.Results:A total number of 48(18.3%) patients with submucosal gastric cancer have pathologically lymph node metastasis.For submucosal gastric carcinoma,lymph node metastasis was associated with age,tumor location,macroscopic type,size,differentiation,histology,the existence of ulcer and lymphovascular invasion in univariate analysis(all P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age ≤50 years old,macroscopic type III or mixed,undifferentiated type,and presence of lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer(all P<0.05).We constructed a predicting nomogram with all these factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer with good discrimination [area under the curve(AUC)=0.844].Internal validation demonstrated a good discrimination power that the actual probability corresponds closely with the predicted probability.Conclusions:We developed a nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer.With good discrimination and internal validation,the nomogram improved individualized predictions for assisting clinicians to make appropriated treatment decision for submucosal gastric cancer patients.展开更多
Trailing edge serrations(TESs)are capable of noticeably suppressing the turbulent trailing edge noise induced by rotating wind turbine blades and become an integral part of a blade.However,the challenges involved in t...Trailing edge serrations(TESs)are capable of noticeably suppressing the turbulent trailing edge noise induced by rotating wind turbine blades and become an integral part of a blade.However,the challenges involved in the dimensional design of serration height 2 h,wavelengthλand flap angleϕare yet to be dealt with in a satisfactory manner.To address the problem,a general model for simulating the effects of serrations on the hydrodynamic and aeroacoustic performance is proposed due to its ease of use and relatively low requirements for user input.The solid serrations are replicated by momentum sources calculated by its aerodynamic forces.Then,a case relevant to wind turbine airfoil is examined,a hybrid improved delay detached eddy simulation(IDDES)method coupled with FW-H integration is deployed to obtain the flow features and far-field sound pressure level.It is found that the modeling method could reproduce the flow field and noise as serrated airfoil.展开更多
Li-O_(2) batteries gain widespread attention as a can didate for next-generati on energy storage devices due to their extraordinary theoretic specific energy.The semi-open structure of Li-O_(2) batteries causes many p...Li-O_(2) batteries gain widespread attention as a can didate for next-generati on energy storage devices due to their extraordinary theoretic specific energy.The semi-open structure of Li-O_(2) batteries causes many parasitic reactions,especially related to water.Water is a double-edged sword,which destroys Li anode and simultaneously triggers a solution-based pathway of the discharge product.In this work,hexamethyldisilazane(HMDS)is introduced into the electrolyte of an aprotic Li-O_(2) battery.HMDS has a strong ability to combine with a trace of water to gen erate a hydrophobic hexamethyldisiloxa ne(MM),which eliminates water from the electrolyte decomposition and then prevents the Li anode from producing the insulating LiOH with water.In this case,the hydrophobic MM disperses in the ether-based electrolyte,forming a dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte.This electrolyte can anchor water from the environment on the cathode side,which triggers a solution-based pathway and regulates the growth morphology of the discharge product and consequently increases the discharge capacity.Compared with the Li-O_(2) battery without the HMDS,the HMDS-containing Li-O_(2) battery contributes an about 13-fold increase of cyclability(400 cycles,1800 h)in the extreme environment of saturated water vapor.This work opens a new approach for directly operating aprotic Li-O_(2) batteries in ambient air.展开更多
Objective:To explore the candidate indications for function-preserving curative gastrectomy and sentinel lymph node navigation surgery in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 561 patients ...Objective:To explore the candidate indications for function-preserving curative gastrectomy and sentinel lymph node navigation surgery in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 561 patients with EGC who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Peking University Cancer Hospital from November 2010 to November 2020 with postoperative pathological stage pT1 and complete examination data,were collected.Pearson’s Chi-square test was used and binary logistic regression was employed for univariate and multivariate analyses.Combined analysis of multiple risk and protective factors for lymph node metastasis(LNM)of EGC was performed.A negative predictive value(NPV)combination model was built and validated.Results:LNM occurred in 85 of 561 patients with EGC,and the LNM rate was 15.15%.NPV for LNM reached 100%based on three characteristics,including ulcer-free,moderately well differentiation and patient<65years old or tumor located at the proximal 1/3 of the stomach.Regarding lymphatic basin metastasis,multivariate analysis showed that the metastatic proportion of the left gastric artery lymphatic basin was significantly higher in male patients compared with female patients(65.96%vs.38.89%,P<0.05).The proportion of right gastroepiploic artery lymphatic basin metastasis in patients with a maximum tumor diameter>2 cm was significantly greater than that noted in patients with a maximum tumor diameter≤2 cm(60.78%vs.28.13%,P<0.05).Conclusions:Characteristics of lymph node stations/basins metastasis will facilitate precise lymph node resection.The NPV for LNM reaches 100%based on the following two conditions:young and middle-aged EGC patients,well-differentiated tumors,and without ulcers;or well-differentiated tumors,without ulcers,and tumors located in the proximal stomach.These findings can be used as the recommended indications for functionpreserving curative gastrectomy and sentinel lymph node navigation surgery.展开更多
The evaluation of geometric calibration accuracy of high resolution satellite images has been increasingly recognized in recent years.In order to evaluate geometric accuracy for dual-camera satellite images based on t...The evaluation of geometric calibration accuracy of high resolution satellite images has been increasingly recognized in recent years.In order to evaluate geometric accuracy for dual-camera satellite images based on the ground control points(GCP),a rigorous geometric imaging model,which was based on the collinear equation of the probe directional angle and the optimized tri-axial attitude determination(TRIAD)algorithm,is presented.Two reliable test fields in Tianjin and Jinan(China)were utilized for geometric accuracy validation of Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1.The experimental results demonstrate a certain deviation of the on-orbit calibration result from the initial design values of the calibration parameters.Therefore,on-orbit geometric calibration is necessary for optical satellite imagery.Within this research,the geometrical performances including positioning accuracy without/with GCP and band registration of the dual-camera satellite were analyzed in detail,and the results of geometric image quality are assessed and discussed.As a result,it is feasible and necessary to establish such a geometric calibration model to evaluate the geometric quality of dual-camera satellite.展开更多
Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)is one of the promising alternatives to electrical cooling and has a significant impact on worldwide energy consumption and carbon neutrality.Toward real-world applications,howev...Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)is one of the promising alternatives to electrical cooling and has a significant impact on worldwide energy consumption and carbon neutrality.Toward real-world applications,however,the parasitic heat input and heat leakage pose crucial challenges to commercial and residential buildings cooling.The integrating of radiative cooling and thermal insulation properties represents an attractive direction in renewable energy-efficient building envelope materials.Herein,we present a hierarchically porous hybrid film as a scalable and flexible thermal insulating subambient radiative cooler via a simple and inexpensive inverse high internal phase emulsion strategy.The as-prepared porous hybrid film exhibits an intrinsic combination of high solar reflectance(0.95),strong longwave infrared thermal emittance(0.97),and low thermal conductivity(31 mW/(m K)),yielding a subambient cooling temperature of~8.4℃ during the night and~6.5℃ during the hot midday with an average cooling power of~94 W/m^(2) under a solar intensity of~900 W/m^(2).Promisingly,combining the superhydrophobicity,durability,superelasticity,robust mechanical strength,and industrial applicability,the film is favorable for large-scale,sustainable and energy-saving applications in a wide variety of climates and complicated surfaces,enabling a substantial reduction of energy costs,greenhouse gas emission and associated ozone-depleting from traditional cooling systems.展开更多
Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic macrophages strongly associates with the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis.Although targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered to be a potentia...Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic macrophages strongly associates with the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis.Although targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered to be a potential therapy,the underlying mechanism through which pathway the intestinal inflammation is modulated remains controversial.By focusing on the flavonoid lonicerin,one of the most abundant constituents existed in a long historical anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious herb Lonicera japonica Thunb.,here we report its therapeutic effect on intestinal inflammation by binding directly to enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)histone methyltransferase.EZH2-mediated modification of H3 K27 me3 promotes the expression of autophagy-related protein 5,which in turn leads to enhanced autophagy and accelerates autolysosome-mediated NLRP3 degradation.Mutations of EZH2 residues(His 129 and Arg685)indicated by the dynamic simulation study have found to greatly diminish the protective effect of lonicerin.More importantly,in vivo studies verify that lonicerin dose-dependently disrupts the NLRP3-ASC-pro-caspase-1 complex assembly and alleviates colitis,which is compromised by administration of EZH2 overexpression plasmid.Thus,these findings together put forth the stage for further considering lonicerin as an anti-inflammatory epigenetic agent and suggesting EZH2/ATG5/NLRP3 axis may serve as a novel strategy to prevent ulcerative colitis as well as other inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder and remains a leading cause of disability worldwide.Conventional antidepressants take at least several weeks to achieve a therapeutic response and this lag period has...Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder and remains a leading cause of disability worldwide.Conventional antidepressants take at least several weeks to achieve a therapeutic response and this lag period has hindered their ability to attain beneficial effects in depressed individuals at high risk of suicide.The non-competitive Nmethyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine has been shown to have rapid antidepressant effects in both rodents and humans.The emergence of ketamine as a fastacting antidepressant provides promising new insights into the development of a rapid treatment response in patients with clinical depression.However,its safety and toxicity remain a concern.In this review,we focus on the limitations of ketamine,including neurotoxicity,cognitive dysfunction,adverse events associated with mental status,psychotomimetic effects,cardiovascular events,and uropathic effects.Studies have shown that its safety and tolerability profiles are generally good at low doses and with short-term treatment in depressed patients.The adverse events associated with ketamine usually occur with very high doses that are administered for prolonged periods of time and can be relieved by cessation.The antidepressant actions of its two enantiomers,S-ketamine(esketamine) and R-ketamine,are also discussed.R-ketamine has greater antidepressant actions than S-ketamine,without ketamine-related sideeffects.Future treatment strategies should consider using Rketamine for the treatment of depressed patients to decrease the risk of adverse events associated with long-term ketamine use.展开更多
The solar cell market is predominantly based on textured screen-printed solar cells.Due to parasitic absorption in nanostructures,using plasmonic processes to obtain an enhancement that exceeds 2.5%of the short-circui...The solar cell market is predominantly based on textured screen-printed solar cells.Due to parasitic absorption in nanostructures,using plasmonic processes to obtain an enhancement that exceeds 2.5%of the short-circuit photocurrent density is challenging.In this paper,a 7.2%enhancement in the photocurrent density can be achieved through the integration of plasmonic Al nanoparticles and wrinkle-like graphene sheets.For the first time,we experimentally achieve Al nanoparticle-enhanced solar cells.An innovative thermal evaporation method is proposed to fabricate low-coverage Al nanoparticle arrays on solar cells.Due to the ultraviolet(UV)plasmon resonance of Al nanoparticles,the performance enhancement of the solar cells is significantly greater than that from Ag nanoparticles.Subsequently,we deposit wrinkle-like graphene sheets over the Al nanoparticle-enhanced solar cells.Compared with planar graphene sheets,the bend carbon layer also exhibits a broadband light-trapping effect.Our results exceed the limit of plasmonic light trapping in textured screen-printed silicon solar cells.展开更多
Magnetic resonances not only play crucial roles in artificial magnetic materials but also offer a promising way for light control and interaction with matter.Recently,magnetic resonance effects have attracted special ...Magnetic resonances not only play crucial roles in artificial magnetic materials but also offer a promising way for light control and interaction with matter.Recently,magnetic resonance effects have attracted special attention in plasmonic systems for overcoming magnetic response saturation at high frequencies and realizing high-performance optical functionalities.As novel states of matter,topological insulators(TIs)present topologically protected conducting surfaces and insulating bulks in a broad optical range,providing new building blocks for plasmonics.However,until now,high-frequency(e.g.visible range)magnetic resonances and related applications have not been demonstrated in TI systems.Herein,we report for the first time,to our knowledge,a kind of visible range magnetic plasmon resonances(MPRs)in TI structures composed of nanofabricated Sb_(2)Te_(3) nanogrooves.The experimental results show that the MPR response can be tailored by adjusting the nanogroove height,width,and pitch,which agrees well with the simulations and theoretical calculations.Moreover,we innovatively integrated monolayer MoS_(2) onto a TI nanostructure and observed strongly reinforced light-MoS_(2) interactions induced by a significant MPR-induced electric field enhancement,remarkable compared with TI-based electric plasmon resonances(EPRs).The MoS_(2) photoluminescence can be flexibly tuned by controlling the incident light polarization.These results enrich TI optical physics and applications in highly efficient optical functionalities as well as artificial magnetic materials at high frequencies.展开更多
Hetero-assembling of spherical building blocks with well-defined spatial distribution holds great significance in developing chiral nanostructures. Herein, a strategy for hetero-assembling of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs...Hetero-assembling of spherical building blocks with well-defined spatial distribution holds great significance in developing chiral nanostructures. Herein, a strategy for hetero-assembling of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) was demonstrated using rigid bifacial DNA origami as templates. By tuning the sizes and the fixed location of Au NPs on DNA origami, right-handed and left-handed Au NPs nanostructures were respectively constructed. Gel electrophoresis indicated the formation of the DNA origami-Au NPs complex and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) visually displayed the arrangement of Au NPs in these two chiral structures. The spatial configuration and 3D geometry of Au NPs were further illustrated by the stereographic TEM with tilting angles from ?30° to 30°. This strategy provides a universal approach to construct the asymmetrical 3D geometries, which may have potential applications in biomimicking and nanophotonics.展开更多
Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis generally requires quality control,normalization,highly variable genes screening,dimensionality reduction and clustering.Among these processes,downstream analysis including dimensiona...Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis generally requires quality control,normalization,highly variable genes screening,dimensionality reduction and clustering.Among these processes,downstream analysis including dimensionality reduction and clustering are sensitive to the selection of highly variable genes.Though increasing number of tools for selecting the highly variable genes have been developed,an evaluation of theirperformances and a general strategy are lack.Here,wecompare the performance of nine commonly usedmethods for screening variable genes by using single-cell RNA-seq data from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and mature blood cells,and find that SCHS outperforms other methods regarding to reproducibility and accuracy.However,this method prefers the selection of highly expressed genes.We further propose a new strategy SIEVE(SIngle-cEll Variable gEnes)bymultiple rounds of randomsampling,therefore minimizing the stochastic noise and identifying a robust set of variable genes.Moreover,SIEVE recovers lowly expressed genes as variable genes and substantially improves the accuracy of single cell classification,especially for the methods with lower reproducibility.The SIEVE software is freely available at https://github.com/YinanZhang522/SIEVE.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(No.PX2019039)。
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to prospectively compare double-tract reconstruction(DTR)and esophagogastrostomy(EG)after proximal gastrectomy(PG)regarding the incidence of reflux esophagitis,quality of life(QOL),nutritional status and surgical safety.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial.Patients eligible for PG were enrolled and randomly assigned to the EG group and DTR group.The characteristics of patients,parameters for surgical safety,incidence of reflux esophagitis,nutrition status and QOL were collected and compared between the two groups.Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the significant factors affecting the incidence of reflux esophagitis after PG.Results:Thirty-seven patients of the EG group and 36 patients of the DTR group were enrolled.The incidence of reflux esophagitis was significantly lower in the DTR group than in the EG group(8.3%vs.32.4%,P=0.019).The DTR group demonstrated a more favorable QOL than the EG group after PG.The nutritional status was balanced within the EG group and the DTR group.The operation time was longer in the DTR group than in the EG group(191 min vs.221 min,P=0.001),while surgical safety was similar in the two groups.Conclusions:Our research demonstrated that DTR is superior to EG after PG in terms of the incidence of reflux esophagitis and provides a more satisfactory QOL without increasing surgical complications or sacrificing nutritional status.
文摘随着二代测序技术的快速发展,数据量不断累积,肿瘤学家的目光逐渐由多物种测序转移至高通量测序数据的分析和比对。基因数据分析方法层出不穷,高通量的组学分析手段不断优化和创新,基因数据的挖掘和分析工作正处于飞速发展的时期。以肿瘤病人样本为核心的数据库The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)由此应运而生,该数据库全方位记录了从临床肿瘤病人样本得到的基因数据如DNA序列、转录本信息、表观遗传学修饰等。本文主要从数据分析方法、TCGA数据库及其应用实例等3个方面详细介绍了肿瘤相关基因数据的深入挖掘和生物信息学分析方法的最新研究进展,以期为研究人员利用大数据发现肿瘤防治相关的新靶点提供借鉴和参考。
文摘Objective: To create a nomogram to predict the incidence of lymph node metastasis(LNM) in early gastric cancer(EGC) patients and to externally validate the nomogram.Methods: To construct the nomogram,we retrospectively analyzed a primary cohort of 272 EGC patients.Univariate analysis and a binary logistic regression were performed.A nomogram predicting the incidence of LNM in EGC patients was created.The discrimination ability of the nomogram was measured using the concordance index(c-index),and the nomogram was also calibrated.Then,another prospective cohort of 81 patients was analyzed to validate the nomogram.Results: In the primary cohort,LNM was pathologically confirmed in 37(13.6%) patients.In multivariate analysis,the presence of an ulcer,the maximum lesion diameter observed via gastroscopy,the thickness of the lesion observed via endoscopic ultrasonography,and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes on computed tomography(CT) were independent risk factors for LNM.A nomogram was then created based on the regression model with the c-index of 0.905,and the calibration curve of the nomogram fell approximately on the ideal 45-degree line.The cut-off score of the nomogram was 110,and the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive and negative predictive values of the nomogram in the primary cohort were 81.1%,86.0%,47.6% and 96.7%,respectively,and in the prospective validation cohort were 75.0%,91.0%,60.0% and 95.5%,respectively.The calibration curve of the external validation cohort was almost on the 45-degree line.Conclusions: We developed an effective nomogram predicting the incidence of LNM for EGC patients.
基金support from Australian Research Council (ARC, FT150100450, IH150100006 and CE170100039)support from the MCATM and the FLEET+1 种基金the support from Shenzhen Nanshan District Pilotage Team Program (LHTD20170006)support from Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (Grant No. 201804010322)
文摘Metal halide perovskite nanostructures have emerged as low-dimensional semiconductors of great significance in many fields such as photovoltaics,photonics,and optoelectronics.Extensive efforts on the controlled synthesis of perovskite nanostructures have been made towards potential device applications.The engineering of their band structures holds great promise in the rational tuning of the electronic and optical properties of perovskite nanostructures,which is one of the keys to achieving efficient and multifunctional optoelectronic devices.In this article,we summarize recent advances in band structure engineering of perovskite nanostructures.A survey of bandgap engineering of nanostructured perovskites is firstly presented from the aspects of dimensionality tailoring,compositional substitution,phase segregation and transition,as well as strain and pressure stimuli.The strategies of electronic doping are then reviewed,including defect-induced self-doping,inorganic or organic molecules-based chemical doping,and modification by metal ions or nanostructures.Based on the bandgap engineering and electronic doping,discussions on engineering energy band alignments in perovskite nanostructures are provided for building high-performance perovskite p-n junctions and heterostructures.At last,we provide our perspectives in engineering band structures of perovskite nanostructures towards future low-energy optoelectronics technologies.
基金supported by Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of special funding(No.XMLX202119)Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals(No.XXT20)。
文摘Objective:Lymph node status is critical when selecting treatment methods for patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography(CT)for detection of lymph node metastasis(LNM)in patients with EGC.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed patients who had pathologically confirmed EGC between November2010 and January 2019.After 1:1 propensity score matching,65 patients with LNM and 65 patients without LNM were retained for comparison.The long diameter(LD)and short diameter(SD)of all visualized lymph nodes in all stations were recorded.The diagnostic value of LNM was assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis.Results:Among 130 patients,we found a total of 558 lymph nodes on the CT images.Among the diagnostic indicators,the number,sum of LD and sum of SD of lymph nodes greater than 3 mm had better discrimination.The areas under the curve were all greater than 0.75.As for different regions,the optimal cutoff values of number,the sum of LD and sum of SD were determined as follows:overall,≥4,19.9 mm and 13.5 mm;left gastric artery basin,≥3,15.7 mm and 8.6 mm;right gastroepiploic artery basin,≥2,8.6 mm and 7.0 mm.Conclusions:CT is valuable for diagnosing LNM in EGC patients.The number,sum of LD and sum of SD of lymph nodes greater than 3 mm are preferable indicators.Different regional lymph nodes have different optimal criteria for predicting LNM in ECG patients.
文摘Background:To combine clinicopathological characteristics associated with lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer into a nomogram.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 262 patients with submucosal gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomy between 1996 and 2012.The relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features was statistically analyzed.With multivariate logistic regression analysis,we made a nomogram to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was also performed to assess the predictive value of the model.Discrimination and calibration were performed using internal validation.Results:A total number of 48(18.3%) patients with submucosal gastric cancer have pathologically lymph node metastasis.For submucosal gastric carcinoma,lymph node metastasis was associated with age,tumor location,macroscopic type,size,differentiation,histology,the existence of ulcer and lymphovascular invasion in univariate analysis(all P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that age ≤50 years old,macroscopic type III or mixed,undifferentiated type,and presence of lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer(all P<0.05).We constructed a predicting nomogram with all these factors for lymph node metastasis in submucosal gastric cancer with good discrimination [area under the curve(AUC)=0.844].Internal validation demonstrated a good discrimination power that the actual probability corresponds closely with the predicted probability.Conclusions:We developed a nomogram to predict the rate of lymph node metastasis for submucosal gastric cancer.With good discrimination and internal validation,the nomogram improved individualized predictions for assisting clinicians to make appropriated treatment decision for submucosal gastric cancer patients.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51736008)“Transformational Technologies for Clean Energy and Demonstration”,Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA21050303).
文摘Trailing edge serrations(TESs)are capable of noticeably suppressing the turbulent trailing edge noise induced by rotating wind turbine blades and become an integral part of a blade.However,the challenges involved in the dimensional design of serration height 2 h,wavelengthλand flap angleϕare yet to be dealt with in a satisfactory manner.To address the problem,a general model for simulating the effects of serrations on the hydrodynamic and aeroacoustic performance is proposed due to its ease of use and relatively low requirements for user input.The solid serrations are replicated by momentum sources calculated by its aerodynamic forces.Then,a case relevant to wind turbine airfoil is examined,a hybrid improved delay detached eddy simulation(IDDES)method coupled with FW-H integration is deployed to obtain the flow features and far-field sound pressure level.It is found that the modeling method could reproduce the flow field and noise as serrated airfoil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875278)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(20511107800).
文摘Li-O_(2) batteries gain widespread attention as a can didate for next-generati on energy storage devices due to their extraordinary theoretic specific energy.The semi-open structure of Li-O_(2) batteries causes many parasitic reactions,especially related to water.Water is a double-edged sword,which destroys Li anode and simultaneously triggers a solution-based pathway of the discharge product.In this work,hexamethyldisilazane(HMDS)is introduced into the electrolyte of an aprotic Li-O_(2) battery.HMDS has a strong ability to combine with a trace of water to gen erate a hydrophobic hexamethyldisiloxa ne(MM),which eliminates water from the electrolyte decomposition and then prevents the Li anode from producing the insulating LiOH with water.In this case,the hydrophobic MM disperses in the ether-based electrolyte,forming a dispersion hydrophobic electrolyte.This electrolyte can anchor water from the environment on the cathode side,which triggers a solution-based pathway and regulates the growth morphology of the discharge product and consequently increases the discharge capacity.Compared with the Li-O_(2) battery without the HMDS,the HMDS-containing Li-O_(2) battery contributes an about 13-fold increase of cyclability(400 cycles,1800 h)in the extreme environment of saturated water vapor.This work opens a new approach for directly operating aprotic Li-O_(2) batteries in ambient air.
基金Beijing Hospitals Authority Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding(No.XMLX202119)Open Project funded by Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research,Ministry of Education/Beijing(No.2022 Open Project-6)。
文摘Objective:To explore the candidate indications for function-preserving curative gastrectomy and sentinel lymph node navigation surgery in early gastric cancer(EGC).Methods:The clinicopathological data of 561 patients with EGC who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at Peking University Cancer Hospital from November 2010 to November 2020 with postoperative pathological stage pT1 and complete examination data,were collected.Pearson’s Chi-square test was used and binary logistic regression was employed for univariate and multivariate analyses.Combined analysis of multiple risk and protective factors for lymph node metastasis(LNM)of EGC was performed.A negative predictive value(NPV)combination model was built and validated.Results:LNM occurred in 85 of 561 patients with EGC,and the LNM rate was 15.15%.NPV for LNM reached 100%based on three characteristics,including ulcer-free,moderately well differentiation and patient<65years old or tumor located at the proximal 1/3 of the stomach.Regarding lymphatic basin metastasis,multivariate analysis showed that the metastatic proportion of the left gastric artery lymphatic basin was significantly higher in male patients compared with female patients(65.96%vs.38.89%,P<0.05).The proportion of right gastroepiploic artery lymphatic basin metastasis in patients with a maximum tumor diameter>2 cm was significantly greater than that noted in patients with a maximum tumor diameter≤2 cm(60.78%vs.28.13%,P<0.05).Conclusions:Characteristics of lymph node stations/basins metastasis will facilitate precise lymph node resection.The NPV for LNM reaches 100%based on the following two conditions:young and middle-aged EGC patients,well-differentiated tumors,and without ulcers;or well-differentiated tumors,without ulcers,and tumors located in the proximal stomach.These findings can be used as the recommended indications for functionpreserving curative gastrectomy and sentinel lymph node navigation surgery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41801291)。
文摘The evaluation of geometric calibration accuracy of high resolution satellite images has been increasingly recognized in recent years.In order to evaluate geometric accuracy for dual-camera satellite images based on the ground control points(GCP),a rigorous geometric imaging model,which was based on the collinear equation of the probe directional angle and the optimized tri-axial attitude determination(TRIAD)algorithm,is presented.Two reliable test fields in Tianjin and Jinan(China)were utilized for geometric accuracy validation of Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1.The experimental results demonstrate a certain deviation of the on-orbit calibration result from the initial design values of the calibration parameters.Therefore,on-orbit geometric calibration is necessary for optical satellite imagery.Within this research,the geometrical performances including positioning accuracy without/with GCP and band registration of the dual-camera satellite were analyzed in detail,and the results of geometric image quality are assessed and discussed.As a result,it is feasible and necessary to establish such a geometric calibration model to evaluate the geometric quality of dual-camera satellite.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0204600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51721002 and 52033003)+4 种基金Y.Z.acknowledges the support by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learningthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175154)Shanghai Pujiang Program(20PJ1411900)Shanghai Science and Technology Program(21ZR1445500)T.W.acknowledges the support of Shanghai Yangfan Program(22YF1430200).
文摘Passive daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)is one of the promising alternatives to electrical cooling and has a significant impact on worldwide energy consumption and carbon neutrality.Toward real-world applications,however,the parasitic heat input and heat leakage pose crucial challenges to commercial and residential buildings cooling.The integrating of radiative cooling and thermal insulation properties represents an attractive direction in renewable energy-efficient building envelope materials.Herein,we present a hierarchically porous hybrid film as a scalable and flexible thermal insulating subambient radiative cooler via a simple and inexpensive inverse high internal phase emulsion strategy.The as-prepared porous hybrid film exhibits an intrinsic combination of high solar reflectance(0.95),strong longwave infrared thermal emittance(0.97),and low thermal conductivity(31 mW/(m K)),yielding a subambient cooling temperature of~8.4℃ during the night and~6.5℃ during the hot midday with an average cooling power of~94 W/m^(2) under a solar intensity of~900 W/m^(2).Promisingly,combining the superhydrophobicity,durability,superelasticity,robust mechanical strength,and industrial applicability,the film is favorable for large-scale,sustainable and energy-saving applications in a wide variety of climates and complicated surfaces,enabling a substantial reduction of energy costs,greenhouse gas emission and associated ozone-depleting from traditional cooling systems.
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81903885,Qi LvNo.21877062,Yinan Zhang+2 种基金No.82073719,Lihong Hu)the program of the Jiangsu“Shuang Chuang”team(No.20182036,Lihong Hu and Yinan Zhang,China)the key research projects of Jiangsu Higher Education(No.18KJA360010,Yinan Zhang,China)
文摘Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in colonic macrophages strongly associates with the occurrence and progression of ulcerative colitis.Although targeting NLRP3 inflammasome has been considered to be a potential therapy,the underlying mechanism through which pathway the intestinal inflammation is modulated remains controversial.By focusing on the flavonoid lonicerin,one of the most abundant constituents existed in a long historical anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious herb Lonicera japonica Thunb.,here we report its therapeutic effect on intestinal inflammation by binding directly to enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)histone methyltransferase.EZH2-mediated modification of H3 K27 me3 promotes the expression of autophagy-related protein 5,which in turn leads to enhanced autophagy and accelerates autolysosome-mediated NLRP3 degradation.Mutations of EZH2 residues(His 129 and Arg685)indicated by the dynamic simulation study have found to greatly diminish the protective effect of lonicerin.More importantly,in vivo studies verify that lonicerin dose-dependently disrupts the NLRP3-ASC-pro-caspase-1 complex assembly and alleviates colitis,which is compromised by administration of EZH2 overexpression plasmid.Thus,these findings together put forth the stage for further considering lonicerin as an anti-inflammatory epigenetic agent and suggesting EZH2/ATG5/NLRP3 axis may serve as a novel strategy to prevent ulcerative colitis as well as other inflammatory diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81371489)the Strategic Research Program for Brain Sciences from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.AMED
文摘Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder and remains a leading cause of disability worldwide.Conventional antidepressants take at least several weeks to achieve a therapeutic response and this lag period has hindered their ability to attain beneficial effects in depressed individuals at high risk of suicide.The non-competitive Nmethyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine has been shown to have rapid antidepressant effects in both rodents and humans.The emergence of ketamine as a fastacting antidepressant provides promising new insights into the development of a rapid treatment response in patients with clinical depression.However,its safety and toxicity remain a concern.In this review,we focus on the limitations of ketamine,including neurotoxicity,cognitive dysfunction,adverse events associated with mental status,psychotomimetic effects,cardiovascular events,and uropathic effects.Studies have shown that its safety and tolerability profiles are generally good at low doses and with short-term treatment in depressed patients.The adverse events associated with ketamine usually occur with very high doses that are administered for prolonged periods of time and can be relieved by cessation.The antidepressant actions of its two enantiomers,S-ketamine(esketamine) and R-ketamine,are also discussed.R-ketamine has greater antidepressant actions than S-ketamine,without ketamine-related sideeffects.Future treatment strategies should consider using Rketamine for the treatment of depressed patients to decrease the risk of adverse events associated with long-term ketamine use.
文摘The solar cell market is predominantly based on textured screen-printed solar cells.Due to parasitic absorption in nanostructures,using plasmonic processes to obtain an enhancement that exceeds 2.5%of the short-circuit photocurrent density is challenging.In this paper,a 7.2%enhancement in the photocurrent density can be achieved through the integration of plasmonic Al nanoparticles and wrinkle-like graphene sheets.For the first time,we experimentally achieve Al nanoparticle-enhanced solar cells.An innovative thermal evaporation method is proposed to fabricate low-coverage Al nanoparticle arrays on solar cells.Due to the ultraviolet(UV)plasmon resonance of Al nanoparticles,the performance enhancement of the solar cells is significantly greater than that from Ag nanoparticles.Subsequently,we deposit wrinkle-like graphene sheets over the Al nanoparticle-enhanced solar cells.Compared with planar graphene sheets,the bend carbon layer also exhibits a broadband light-trapping effect.Our results exceed the limit of plasmonic light trapping in textured screen-printed silicon solar cells.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0303800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11974283,61705186,11774290,11634010,and 61605065)+2 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(2020JM-130)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(201804010322)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515011510).
文摘Magnetic resonances not only play crucial roles in artificial magnetic materials but also offer a promising way for light control and interaction with matter.Recently,magnetic resonance effects have attracted special attention in plasmonic systems for overcoming magnetic response saturation at high frequencies and realizing high-performance optical functionalities.As novel states of matter,topological insulators(TIs)present topologically protected conducting surfaces and insulating bulks in a broad optical range,providing new building blocks for plasmonics.However,until now,high-frequency(e.g.visible range)magnetic resonances and related applications have not been demonstrated in TI systems.Herein,we report for the first time,to our knowledge,a kind of visible range magnetic plasmon resonances(MPRs)in TI structures composed of nanofabricated Sb_(2)Te_(3) nanogrooves.The experimental results show that the MPR response can be tailored by adjusting the nanogroove height,width,and pitch,which agrees well with the simulations and theoretical calculations.Moreover,we innovatively integrated monolayer MoS_(2) onto a TI nanostructure and observed strongly reinforced light-MoS_(2) interactions induced by a significant MPR-induced electric field enhancement,remarkable compared with TI-based electric plasmon resonances(EPRs).The MoS_(2) photoluminescence can be flexibly tuned by controlling the incident light polarization.These results enrich TI optical physics and applications in highly efficient optical functionalities as well as artificial magnetic materials at high frequencies.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB933301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21305070, 21475064)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20130861)the Sci-tech Support Plan of Jiangsu Province (BE2014719)Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (213005, 214175).
文摘Hetero-assembling of spherical building blocks with well-defined spatial distribution holds great significance in developing chiral nanostructures. Herein, a strategy for hetero-assembling of gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) was demonstrated using rigid bifacial DNA origami as templates. By tuning the sizes and the fixed location of Au NPs on DNA origami, right-handed and left-handed Au NPs nanostructures were respectively constructed. Gel electrophoresis indicated the formation of the DNA origami-Au NPs complex and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) visually displayed the arrangement of Au NPs in these two chiral structures. The spatial configuration and 3D geometry of Au NPs were further illustrated by the stereographic TEM with tilting angles from ?30° to 30°. This strategy provides a universal approach to construct the asymmetrical 3D geometries, which may have potential applications in biomimicking and nanophotonics.
基金This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82022002,81900117,81890993,81890990,32000803)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0107804)+1 种基金CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine(2017-I2M-1-015,2017-I2M-3-009,2019-I2M-2-001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Research Institutes(2020-RC310-005).
文摘Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis generally requires quality control,normalization,highly variable genes screening,dimensionality reduction and clustering.Among these processes,downstream analysis including dimensionality reduction and clustering are sensitive to the selection of highly variable genes.Though increasing number of tools for selecting the highly variable genes have been developed,an evaluation of theirperformances and a general strategy are lack.Here,wecompare the performance of nine commonly usedmethods for screening variable genes by using single-cell RNA-seq data from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and mature blood cells,and find that SCHS outperforms other methods regarding to reproducibility and accuracy.However,this method prefers the selection of highly expressed genes.We further propose a new strategy SIEVE(SIngle-cEll Variable gEnes)bymultiple rounds of randomsampling,therefore minimizing the stochastic noise and identifying a robust set of variable genes.Moreover,SIEVE recovers lowly expressed genes as variable genes and substantially improves the accuracy of single cell classification,especially for the methods with lower reproducibility.The SIEVE software is freely available at https://github.com/YinanZhang522/SIEVE.