Illegal Logging and Related Trade: Who Combat It as Legal Subjects?

Issue on illegal logging and related trade is a hot topic for the international community. It has brought the negative effects to the sustainable development on global society, economy and ecology, which is also one of the main objectives of international cooperation to combat with. At present, subjects of international law play a decisive role in combating illegal logging and related trade. The subjects of international law generally refer to states, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which can have an independent international legal personality, enjoy rights and assume obligations of international law. As a responsible big country of the international community and state member of intergovernmental organizations and international treaties of forest resources protection, China ought to fully perform the obligations of international law. In face of illegal logging and related trade around the world, China should rationally tackle with it, resolutely crack down on it, and finally choose the sustainable development strategy based on rule of law.

Rectal tubular adenoma with submucosal pseudoinvasion misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis of colorectal intramucosal tumors from invasive adenocarcinoma is important in clinical practice due to the different risks of lymph node metastasis and different treatment options.The phenomenon of a colorectal adenoma with part of the gland entering the submucosa is known as pseudoinvasion of the adenoma,which is a major challenge for pathological diagnosis.It is essential to raise awareness of colorectal adenoma with submucosal pseudoinvasion clinically to avoid overtreatment.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of rectal adenoma with submucosal pseudoinvasion in a 48-year-old man.The patient was admitted to Jinhua People's Hospital due to a change in stool habit for 5 d.We performed colonoscopy,and the results suggested a submucosal bulge approximately 1.0 cm×1.0 cm in size in the rectum 8 cm from the anal verge,with red surface erosion.Ultrasound colonoscopy was also performed and a homogeneous hypoechoic mass about 0.52 cm×0.72 cm in size was seen at the lesion,protruding into the lumen with clear borders and invading the submucosa.Endoscopic surgery was then performed and the pathological specimen showed a tubular adenoma with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(intramucosal carcinoma)involving the adenolymphatic complex.In addition,we performed a literature review of rectal tubular adenoma with submucosal pseudoinvasion to obtain a deeper understanding of this disease.CONCLUSION The aim of this study was to improve awareness of this lesion for clinicians and pathologists to reduce misdiagnosis.

Forest Tenure Transfer and Assessment of Dayi County

According to analysis of basic situations and achievements of forest tenure transfer in Dayi County,this paper points out problems in the assessment of forest tenure transfer in Dayi County,including few specialized organizations and personnel of forest tenure transfer value assessment,outmoded forest tenure assessment operating specifications,low charges of forest tenure assessment,and weak awareness of forest tenure assessment. In line with these problems,it presents ideas of increasing specialized forest tenure assessment organization,strengthening training of specialized forest tenure assessment personnel,promoting guiding price of forest tenure transfer,and energetically developing forest tenure transfer market. It is hoped to promote development of forest tenure transfer in Dayi County.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose from Bacterial Cellulose

Bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum has been reacted with propyleneoxide to synthesize hydroxypropyl cellulose （HPC） under different reaction conditions while diluted by toluene. The effects of mass ratio of bacterial cellulose to propyleneoxide, dilutability of toluene, reaction temperature （T） and time （t） were investigated by series of experiments. The degree of substitution （DS）, hydroxypropyl content （A） and yield （η） were compared. The optimized product exhibited cold-water solubility and hot-water gelatinization in aqueous medium. Further study was carried out with FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM and 13C-NMR for characterization. The water/air contact angle measurement reveals that it is a good hydrophobic material with good mechanical properties.

Innate immune responses to DNA viruses

The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens,which is also essen-tial for initiation of adaptive immunity.Innate immune responses are initiated by pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs),which recognize conserved molecular structures of pathogens called patho-gen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).The infection of virus triggers a series of signaling events leading to transcriptional induction of type I interferons(IFNs)and proinflammatory cyto-kines.In recent years,the mechanisms of viral RNA recognition and RNA virus-triggered signaling pathways have been well studied.However,it remains unclear on how DNA virus infection is sensed by host cells and triggers the host antiviral defense.Although ten potential viral DNA sen-sors have been reported,none of them is validated as a generally used sensor for distinct DNA viruses in divergent cell types and animals.Here,we provide a summary and perspective on recent advances in innate immune responses to DNA viruses.

Smart luminescent solar concentrator as a BICPV window

Building integrated concentrating photovoltaic(BICPV)windows have attracted numerous studies in recent years.However,there is a tradeoff between the light transmittance and power generation efficiency in the design of BICPV window.In this paper,a smart luminescent solar concentrator(LSC)is introduced as the BICPV window.The proposed smart LSC system features on the combination of fluorescent dyes with thermochromic materials to enhance photoelectric conversion efficiency as well as form a dynamic response mechanism to ambient solar radiation and environmental temperature.In this study,a BICPV smart window system consists of the waveguide doped with organic dye Lumogen F Red-305(BASF)and the thermochromic hydrogel membrane has been developed.The research on analytic design parameters is executed through optical simulation by ray tracing technology along with outdoor comparative experiments.From simulations for a smart LSC of 100 mm×100 mm×3 mm with a bottom-mounted solar cell of 100 mm×10 mm,the optical effective concentration is found to be with the range of 1.23 to 1.31 when a highest gain of 1.26 in power over the bare solar cell is obtained from experiments.

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 10,11-epoxy acylide erythromycin derivatives

A series of novel acylide derivatives have been synthesized from clarithromyc｜n A via a tacile procedure. The C-3 modifications involved replacing the natural C-3 cladinosyl group in clarithromycin core with different aryl-piperzine sidechain via chemical synthesis, Meanwhile a distinctive intermediate with 10,11-epoxy moiety was obtained, The structure and stereochemistry of this novel structure were confirmed via NMR and X-ray crystallography. Potential anti-bacterial activities against both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria were reported. Because of existence of C10,11-epoxide, these derivatives can be used as intermediates for further structural modification.

Autoubiquitination of TRIM26 links TBK1 to NEMO in RLR-mediated innate antiviral immune response

The transcription factors IRF3 and NF-kB are required for the expression of many genes involved in antiviral innate immune response,including type I interferons(IFNs)and proinflammatory cytokines.It is well established thatTBK1 isan essential kinase engageddownstream of multiple pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs)to mediate IRF3 phosphorylation and activation,whereas the precise mechanisms of TBK1 activation have not been fully elucidated yet.Here,weidentified tripartite motif 26(TRIM26)as an important regulator for RNAvirus-triggered innate immune response.Knockdown of TRIM26 impaired virus-triggered IRF3,NF-kB activation,IFN-b induction,and cellular antiviral response.TRIM26 was physically associated with TBK1 independent of viral infection.As an E3 ligase,TRIM26 underwent autoubiquitination upon viral infection.Ubiquitinated TRIM26 subsequently associated with NEMO,thus bridging TBK1–NEMOinteraction,which is critical for the recruitment of TBK1 to the VISA signalsome and activation of TBK1.Our findings suggest that TRIM26 is an important regulator of innate immune responses against RNA viruses,which functions by bridging TBK1 to NEMO and mediating the activation of TBK1.