AIM: To evaluate the capacity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for detecting multiple primary cancer of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. METHODS: Fifteen p...AIM: To evaluate the capacity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for detecting multiple primary cancer of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. METHODS: Fifteen patients (12 without cancer histories and 3 with histories of upper GI tract cancer) were investigated due to the suspicion of primary cancer of UGI tract on X-ray barium meal and CT scan. Subsequent whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was carried out for initial staging or restaging. All the patients were fi nally confi rmed by endoscopic biopsy or surgery. The detection rate of multiple primary malignant cancers was calculated based on 18F-FDG PET/CT and endoscopic examinations.RESULTS: 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was positive in 32 suspicious lesions, 30/32 were true positive primary lesions, and 2/32 were false positive. In 15 suspicious lesions with negative 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, 12/15 were true negative and 3/15 were false negative. Among the 15 patients, 12 patients had 29 primary synchronous tumors confirmed by pathology, including 8 cases of esophageal cancers accompanied with gastric cancer and 4 of hypopharynx cancers with esophageal cancer. The other 3 patients had 4 new primary metachronous tumors, which were multiple primary esophageal cancers. PET/CT imaging detected local lymph node metastases in 11 patients. Both local lymph node metastases and distant metastases were detected in 4 patients. On a per-primary lesion basis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting multiple primary cancer of UGI tract were 90.9%, 85.7%, 89.4%, 80% and 93.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT may play an important role in evaluating the multiple primary malignant tumors of UGI tract cancer.展开更多
Alternaria tenuissima is a fungus widely present in the environment and could cause diseases in plants and humans. In this study, through a yeast genetic approach, cDNA sequences were isolated and characterized for th...Alternaria tenuissima is a fungus widely present in the environment and could cause diseases in plants and humans. In this study, through a yeast genetic approach, cDNA sequences were isolated and characterized for the AtHIS3 and AtLEU2 genes. AtHIS3 cDNA encodes a protein of 238 amino acids, while AtLEU2 cDNA encodes a protein of 363 amino acids. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of AtHis3p and AtLeu2p, A. tenuissima is closely related to the plant pathogenic fungus Phaeosphaeria nodorum. This study provides two genetic markers for studies of functions of genes regulating development, morphology, and virulence of A. tenuissima.展开更多
The shuttle effect caused by soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) deteriorates multiphase transformation reaction kinetics of sulfur species,and gives rise to an unserviceable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery.Catalysis,a...The shuttle effect caused by soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) deteriorates multiphase transformation reaction kinetics of sulfur species,and gives rise to an unserviceable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery.Catalysis,as a process optimization approach,offers an option to eliminate the intrinsic issues.However,exploring and understanding the role of catalysts on electrode reaction remains critical bottlenecks,particularly as they are prone to continuous evolution under complex dynamic environment.Herein,platinum nanoparticles loaded on MXene nanosheets,as sulfur host,and the action of catalysts on the reaction process are investigated via ex-situ monitors upon solid–liquid–solid chemical transformation of sulfur species.These traces confirm that the high performance originates from electron transfer between catalysts and LiPSs,which lowers the nucleation barrier from liquid LiPSs to solid Li_(2)S/Li_(2)S_(2).Further,the accelerated liquid–solid conversion can alleviate the accumulation of LiPSs,and boost the reaction kinetics in Li-S batteries.The findings corroborate the electronic modulation between catalysts and LiPSs,which is a generalizable strategy to optimize energy conversion efficiency of Li-S batteries.展开更多
Nanofibrous media with both high particle interception efficiency and robust air permeability has broad technological applications in areas including individual protection, industrial security, and environmental gover...Nanofibrous media with both high particle interception efficiency and robust air permeability has broad technological applications in areas including individual protection, industrial security, and environmental governance. However, producing such filtration media has proven to be extremely challenging. Here we reported an approach to preparing and fabricating a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber composite filter medium composed of 2D PVDF nanofiber nets and a stable substrate via onestep electrospinning for effective air filtration. PVDF nanofibers are obtained by adjusting the electrospinning process. With the combined properties of ultrasmall diameter, high porosity, and a bonded scaffold, the resulting PVDF nanofiber composite filter medium exhibits a robust high filtration efficiency of 99.901%(equivalent to an F9 rating) for 0.4 mm particles and a long service life (a large dust holding capacity of 36 g/m^2) for ultrafine airborne particles based on the sieving principle and surface filtration behavior. The successful synthesis of PVDF nanofibers medium would not only make it a promising candidate for air filtration, but also provide new insights into the design and development of composite nanofiber structures for various applications.展开更多
Background and objectives Proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by hyperinsulinemia is a very common clinical pathology. Extensive research has focused on PKC (Protein kinase C)-MAPK (mit...Background and objectives Proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by hyperinsulinemia is a very common clinical pathology. Extensive research has focused on PKC (Protein kinase C)-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)intracellular signal transduction and the phenotypic modulation accompanied by reorganization of intracellular F-actins in VSMCs.Methods DNA synthesis, signaling of ERK1/2 MAPKs, and changes in α-smooth muscle (SM) actin and F-actin were studied in hypertensive and normotensive human arterial VSMCs exposed to insulin and PMA with and without the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X.Results Differences among cell types in MAPK signaling, α-SM actin, and F-actin isoforms in VSMCs harvested from the arteries of patients with essential hypertension (EH) and normotension (NT) were identified in response to insulin treatment. Proliferation and activation of MAPK were more pronounced in EH VSMCs than in NEH VSMCs. Insulin exposure decreased expression of α-SM actin and was accompanied by rearrangement of intracellular F-actins in VSMCs, especially in the EH group. These effects were reversed by treatment with the PKC inhibitor. Conclusions Human mesenteric VSMCs of EH and NT patients differed in proliferation, MAPK signaling, and degree of changes in α-SM actin and F-actin isoforms immediately following insulin exposure in vitro.展开更多
Simple encapsulation of 3 nm gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbon with large pores of 17 nm and thick pore walls of 16 nm was achieved by a metal–ligand coordination assisted-selfassembly approach.Polystyr...Simple encapsulation of 3 nm gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbon with large pores of 17 nm and thick pore walls of 16 nm was achieved by a metal–ligand coordination assisted-selfassembly approach.Polystyrene-block-polyethylene-oxide(PS-b-PEO)diblock copolymer with a large molecular weight of the PS chain and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane were used as the template and the metal ligand,respectively.Small-angle X-ray scattering,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that monodispersed aggregation-free gold nanoparticles approximately 3 nm in size were partially embedded in the large open pore structure of the ordered mesoporous carbon.The strong coordination between the gold species and the mercapto groups and the thick porous walls increased the dispersion of the gold nanoparticles and essentially inhibited particle aggregation at 600℃.The gold nanoparticles in the ordered mesoporous carbon are active and stable in the reduction of nitroarenes involving bulky molecules using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent under ambient conditions(30℃)in water.The large interconnected pore structure facilitates the mass transfer of bulky molecules.展开更多
BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis(BP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple papillary adenomas in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree and has a high risk of malignant transformation. Early diagnosis a...BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis(BP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple papillary adenomas in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree and has a high risk of malignant transformation. Early diagnosis and treatment for BP are challenges, as it spreads along the biliary tract. A radical resection with an adequate resection margin is advocated in patients with malignant BP.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of BP with malignant transformation in a 52-year-old female patient who presented with emaciation, severe malnutrition, and a T-tube for biliary drainage that was placed for almost 2 years at the time she visited us. The enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed a neoplasm with a diameter of 15 cm located in the gallbladder area surrounding the common bile duct where a drainage tube was placed. It was the first case with malignant BP involving multiple organs and the abdominal wall and receiving a radical resection. Plastic surgeons helped close the incision by transferring the rectus muscle and external oblique muscle flap. A diagnosis of papillary carcinoma with diffuse malignant papillomatosis of the biliary duct was given.The postoperative course was uneventful and she was asymptomatic and in good physical condition at 35 mo postoperatively with appropriate chemotherapy.CONCLUSION Aggressive surgical treatment with appropriate chemotherapy is advocated for patients with malignant BP even if multiple organ invasion is present.展开更多
The continuous production of disposable plastic straw places a high demand on global petrochemical resources and a significant environmental burden.Biodegradable and eco-friendly straws have therefore been studied and...The continuous production of disposable plastic straw places a high demand on global petrochemical resources and a significant environmental burden.Biodegradable and eco-friendly straws have therefore been studied and produced worldwide.This article briefly introduces the characteristics of paper straws and polylactic acid(PLA)straws,and focuses on edible straws made using,e.g.,hydrophilic colloids,zein,and starch.Raw-material selection,preparation methods,advantages,and defects of straws are summarized,to provide a reference for the development and research of eco-friendly straws.展开更多
Antibiotic abuse now poses a grave threat to global ecology and bestirs public concerns about the residue issue in daily necessities.The traceability measurements along supply chain or logistic circulation have become...Antibiotic abuse now poses a grave threat to global ecology and bestirs public concerns about the residue issue in daily necessities.The traceability measurements along supply chain or logistic circulation have become increasingly essential given the labile nature of diverse synthetic residuals on site.In an attempt to answer this urgency,here a miniaturized fluorometric aptasensor prototype was contrived that catered to the point-of-care screening norm for two typical additives:chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin.The key target-indicating module worked in vitro based on the competitive binding-induced fluorescence recovery of fluorescein-labeled aptamers,which were photobleached beforehand in the format of double helix on burlike nanogold carriers.The“prickly”geometry of the latter not just enriched the capture probes at preferentially substrate-accessible spires;but also contributed to a tip-enhanced surface plasmon effect,sensitizing the signal-on during the duplex dissociation even at nanomolar threshold of the analytes.On the other hand,to encompass a full portable,a set of optical devices were mounted within a 3D-printed cartridge(adaptor)to converge the light beam and route it towards the detector,for which the smartphone camera came up in handy with a home-developed App for calibrating the emissive brightness.Enlightened by the high-dynamic-range compression,an imaging diagnostic algorithm was built in to grid and digitize each slide in the album for augmented detection performance.Thus,a novel bio-to-silico integration was invented that capable of in situ rapid reporting on the antibiotic presence with high sensitivity and selectivity.Further field practices in spiked milk on sales proved the precision and rudimentary feasibility of the well-assembled model of appliance,thus holding nice prospects in nonexpert(e.g.,family and local community)utilities for foodborne antibiotic identification.展开更多
Dear Editor,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,the most common inherited peripheral neuropathology,is highly heterogeneous among patients and associated with mutations in~100 different genes at an incidence of at least 1:2,5...Dear Editor,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,the most common inherited peripheral neuropathology,is highly heterogeneous among patients and associated with mutations in~100 different genes at an incidence of at least 1:2,500[1].Over 30 mutated genes have been identified in CMT2,which is characterized by peripheral axon degeneration and distal deficits in motor function[2].The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is the largest family in CMT2 and includes tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase(YARS,tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase).展开更多
Antibiotic abuse in food processing could threaten human health via either direct pathogen or drug-resistant infection.To curb this situation,it is of vital significance to identify trace level of antibiotics in foods...Antibiotic abuse in food processing could threaten human health via either direct pathogen or drug-resistant infection.To curb this situation,it is of vital significance to identify trace level of antibiotics in foodstuffin a point-of-care inspection manner.Here,a smartphone-based electrochemical system was developed for the quantitation of chloramphenicol(CAP).The differential pulse voltammetric reduction of CAP was measured facilely on a piece of gold-deposited screen-printed electrode,which was docked onto a palm-sized detector with remote directives from a mobile APP of Bluetooth handshaking and digital display.Under optimal conditions,the target CAP could be determined in a range from 1 nmol/L to 5μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.25 nmol/L.Further tests on emulate samples demonstrated the miniaturized device could handle the food-screening scenarios with accuracy,convenience and quick response.展开更多
Selective and sensitive detection of trace microRNA is important for early diagnosis of diseases due to its expression level related to diseases.Herein,a triple signal amplification strategy is developed for trace mic...Selective and sensitive detection of trace microRNA is important for early diagnosis of diseases due to its expression level related to diseases.Herein,a triple signal amplification strategy is developed for trace microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) detection by combining with target-triggered cyclic strand displacement reaction (TCSDR),hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and enzyme catalytic amplification.Four DNA hairpins(H1,H2,H3,H4) are employed to form an ultralong double-strand DNA (dsDNA) structure,which is initiated by target miRNA-21.As H3 and H4 are labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP),numerous HRPs are loaded on the long dsDNA,producing significantly enhanced electrocatalytic signals in the hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) reaction strategy.Compared with single signal amplification,the triple signal amplification strategy shows higher electrochemical response,wider dynamic range and lower detection limit for miRNA-21 detection with excellent selectivity,reproducibility and stability.Taking advantage of the triple signal amplification strategy,the proposed electrochemical biosensor can detect miRNA-21 in 10 He La cell lysates,suggesting that it is a promising method for fruitful assay in clinical diagnosis.展开更多
Organophosphorous pesticide(OP) contamination has serious adverse effects on human health and the environment. Due to the toxicity of OPs and the threat presented by their accidental or intentional release in populate...Organophosphorous pesticide(OP) contamination has serious adverse effects on human health and the environment. Due to the toxicity of OPs and the threat presented by their accidental or intentional release in populated areas, the determination and monitoring of these OPs in food products and environment is of great importance. OPs are present in very small quantities and therefore, methods for their detection need to be highly sensitive and selective. Here, we aimed to develop a simple and selective aptamer-based colorimetric assay for the detection of omethoate, which is one of the commonly used OPs. The principle of the assay is that single-stranded DNA(ss DNA)-wrapped gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) are resistant to salt-induced aggregation. By employing an "artificial antibody" organophosphorous pesticide-binding aptamer(OBA) as the recognition element, aptamer-wrapped Au NPs(Au-apta) show high selectivity towards omethoate, resulting in the disconnection of aptamers from Au NPs and the aggregation of Au NPs. As there is a significant color change from the interparticle plasmon coupling during the aggregation of Au NPs, the established assay showed good linearity between 0.1 and 10 μmol/L, with a low detection limit of 0.1 μmol/L. Other OPs such as profenofos, phorate, and isocarbophos would not interfere with the detection of omethoate despite having similar structures. Thus, the colorimetric method shows potential for use in the detection of omethoate in real soil samples.展开更多
A single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser at 1030 nm has been demonstrated using a 0.7 cm long homemade Yb:YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF).The absorption and emission cross sections of ...A single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser at 1030 nm has been demonstrated using a 0.7 cm long homemade Yb:YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF).The absorption and emission cross sections of the YCDSF are 4.93×10^(-20)cm^(2) at 980 nm and 1.1×10^(-20)cm^(2)at 1030 nm.Using this gain fiber,an over 255 m W continuous-wave lasing in the constructed laser has been obtained at single transverse and longitudinal mode operation.The slope efficiency and the pump threshold of the fiber laser were up to ~35%and as low as 25 m W,respectively.The fiber laser also demonstrated an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 79 dB and a beam quality factor of 1.016 in two orthogonal directions.Its power fluctuation at 210.5 m W was less than 0.85%of the average power within 13 h.Moreover,the relative intensity noise and linewidth of the laser are also investigated at the different pump powers.The results indicate that the single-frequency DBR fiber laser has potential applications in high-quality seed sources and high-precision optical sensing.展开更多
CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells are dichotomous lineages in adaptive immunity.While conventionally viewed as distinct fates that are fixed after thymic development,accumulating evidence indicates that these two populations ...CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells are dichotomous lineages in adaptive immunity.While conventionally viewed as distinct fates that are fixed after thymic development,accumulating evidence indicates that these two populations can exhibit significant lineage plasticity,particularly upon TCR-mediated activation.We define a novel CD4^(-)CD8αβ^(+)MHC Ⅱ-recognizing population generated by lineage conversion from effector CD4^(+)T cells.CD4-CD8αβ^(+)effector T cells downregulated the expression of T helper cell-associated costimulatory molecules and inaeased the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated cytotoxic molecules.This shift in functional potential corresponded with a CD8^(+)-lineage skewed transcriptional profile.TCRβ repertoire sequencing and in vivo genetic lineage tracing in acutely infected wild-type mice demonstrated that CD4^(-)CD8αβ^(+)effector T cells arise from fundamental lineage reprogramming of bona fide effector CD4^(+)T cells.Impairing autophagy via functional deletion of the initiating kinase Vps34 or the downstream enzyme Atg7 enhanced the generation of this cell population.These findings suggest that effector CD4^(+)T cells can exhibit a previously unreported degree of skewing towards the CD8^(+)T cell lineage,which may point towards a novel direction for HIV vaccine design.展开更多
Main observation and conclusion DNA circuits have been designed for implementation of various functions based on DNA strand displacement in cell-free settings,but their capabilities in biological environments remain l...Main observation and conclusion DNA circuits have been designed for implementation of various functions based on DNA strand displacement in cell-free settings,but their capabilities in biological environments remain limited.In this work,we report framework nucleic acid(FNA)-based circuits enabling intracellular logic computation for mRNA imaging.FNAs as rigid scaffolds enable to deliver our built DNA circuits into cells without aid of transfection reagents,evading a time-consuming and tedious process prior to analysis,and the pendant duplex DNA designed at one vertex of FNA as gate is suitable for four-way strand exchange,minimizing crosstalk with other nucleic acids in the cellular milieu.We demonstrated that such FNA-based circuits can operate both in vitro and in vivo logic computation,including OR and AND logic gates.Moreover,in situ mRNA imaging was also realized by exploiting native mRNA as scaffolds to bind multiple FNA-based gates for the enhanced signal-to-background ratio.We hope that this FNA-based circuit can be applied for disease diagnosis,facilitating the development of biomedicine.展开更多
MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing at the translational level has led to novel discoveries for numerous biological processes. Recently, there has been increasing evidence to indicate that miRNAs are involved i...MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing at the translational level has led to novel discoveries for numerous biological processes. Recently, there has been increasing evidence to indicate that miRNAs are involved in normal immune functions and inflammation. In this review, we focus on recent advances that have elucidated the role of miRNAs in B-cell development, differentiation, apoptosis and function. While the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in controlling and maintaining B-cell fate remain largely uncharacterized, further studies on miRNAs and their targets will increase our understanding of B-cell development and function. Such studies may be able to provide new therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.展开更多
Dendritic cells(DCs)play a critical role in controlling T helper 2(Th2)cell-dependent diseases,but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood.We showed that p38αactivity in DCs was de...Dendritic cells(DCs)play a critical role in controlling T helper 2(Th2)cell-dependent diseases,but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood.We showed that p38αactivity in DCs was decreased upon HDM stimulation and dynamically regulated by both extrinsic signals and Th2-instructive cytokines.p38α-specific deletion in cDC1s but not in cDC2s or macrophages promoted Th2 responses under HDM stimulation.Further study showed that p38αin cDC1s regulated Th2-cell differentiation by modulating the MK2−c-FOS−IL-12 axis.Importantly,crosstalk between p38α-dependent DCs and Th2 cells occurred during the sensitization phase,not the effector phase,and was conserved between mice and humans.Our results identify p38αsignaling as a central pathway in DCs that integrates allergic and parasitic instructive signals with Th2-instructive cytokines from the microenvironment to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and function,and this finding may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases and parasitic infection.展开更多
基金Supported by The Fund from the Bureau of Public Health of Xiamen City for creative research by young scientists,No.WQK0704the fund from the Health Department of Fujian Province for young scholars,No.2008-1-49
文摘AIM: To evaluate the capacity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) for detecting multiple primary cancer of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract. METHODS: Fifteen patients (12 without cancer histories and 3 with histories of upper GI tract cancer) were investigated due to the suspicion of primary cancer of UGI tract on X-ray barium meal and CT scan. Subsequent whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was carried out for initial staging or restaging. All the patients were fi nally confi rmed by endoscopic biopsy or surgery. The detection rate of multiple primary malignant cancers was calculated based on 18F-FDG PET/CT and endoscopic examinations.RESULTS: 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was positive in 32 suspicious lesions, 30/32 were true positive primary lesions, and 2/32 were false positive. In 15 suspicious lesions with negative 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, 12/15 were true negative and 3/15 were false negative. Among the 15 patients, 12 patients had 29 primary synchronous tumors confirmed by pathology, including 8 cases of esophageal cancers accompanied with gastric cancer and 4 of hypopharynx cancers with esophageal cancer. The other 3 patients had 4 new primary metachronous tumors, which were multiple primary esophageal cancers. PET/CT imaging detected local lymph node metastases in 11 patients. Both local lymph node metastases and distant metastases were detected in 4 patients. On a per-primary lesion basis, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, negative predictive value and positive predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting multiple primary cancer of UGI tract were 90.9%, 85.7%, 89.4%, 80% and 93.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The whole body 18F-FDG PET/CT may play an important role in evaluating the multiple primary malignant tumors of UGI tract cancer.
文摘Alternaria tenuissima is a fungus widely present in the environment and could cause diseases in plants and humans. In this study, through a yeast genetic approach, cDNA sequences were isolated and characterized for the AtHIS3 and AtLEU2 genes. AtHIS3 cDNA encodes a protein of 238 amino acids, while AtLEU2 cDNA encodes a protein of 363 amino acids. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of AtHis3p and AtLeu2p, A. tenuissima is closely related to the plant pathogenic fungus Phaeosphaeria nodorum. This study provides two genetic markers for studies of functions of genes regulating development, morphology, and virulence of A. tenuissima.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51932005, 22072164, 22025204, 92034301, 21991153 and 22072090)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807175)+2 种基金the Research Fund of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2021-01-07-00-02-E00119)the Open Project Program of Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, China (2021002)the Project of Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Provinve (2019C042-1)。
文摘The shuttle effect caused by soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) deteriorates multiphase transformation reaction kinetics of sulfur species,and gives rise to an unserviceable lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery.Catalysis,as a process optimization approach,offers an option to eliminate the intrinsic issues.However,exploring and understanding the role of catalysts on electrode reaction remains critical bottlenecks,particularly as they are prone to continuous evolution under complex dynamic environment.Herein,platinum nanoparticles loaded on MXene nanosheets,as sulfur host,and the action of catalysts on the reaction process are investigated via ex-situ monitors upon solid–liquid–solid chemical transformation of sulfur species.These traces confirm that the high performance originates from electron transfer between catalysts and LiPSs,which lowers the nucleation barrier from liquid LiPSs to solid Li_(2)S/Li_(2)S_(2).Further,the accelerated liquid–solid conversion can alleviate the accumulation of LiPSs,and boost the reaction kinetics in Li-S batteries.The findings corroborate the electronic modulation between catalysts and LiPSs,which is a generalizable strategy to optimize energy conversion efficiency of Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (CYGX1709)the National Key R & D Program of China (2017YFE0101500)
文摘Nanofibrous media with both high particle interception efficiency and robust air permeability has broad technological applications in areas including individual protection, industrial security, and environmental governance. However, producing such filtration media has proven to be extremely challenging. Here we reported an approach to preparing and fabricating a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber composite filter medium composed of 2D PVDF nanofiber nets and a stable substrate via onestep electrospinning for effective air filtration. PVDF nanofibers are obtained by adjusting the electrospinning process. With the combined properties of ultrasmall diameter, high porosity, and a bonded scaffold, the resulting PVDF nanofiber composite filter medium exhibits a robust high filtration efficiency of 99.901%(equivalent to an F9 rating) for 0.4 mm particles and a long service life (a large dust holding capacity of 36 g/m^2) for ultrafine airborne particles based on the sieving principle and surface filtration behavior. The successful synthesis of PVDF nanofibers medium would not only make it a promising candidate for air filtration, but also provide new insights into the design and development of composite nanofiber structures for various applications.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China (No. 30170384 and No. 30570764)
文摘Background and objectives Proliferation of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by hyperinsulinemia is a very common clinical pathology. Extensive research has focused on PKC (Protein kinase C)-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)intracellular signal transduction and the phenotypic modulation accompanied by reorganization of intracellular F-actins in VSMCs.Methods DNA synthesis, signaling of ERK1/2 MAPKs, and changes in α-smooth muscle (SM) actin and F-actin were studied in hypertensive and normotensive human arterial VSMCs exposed to insulin and PMA with and without the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X.Results Differences among cell types in MAPK signaling, α-SM actin, and F-actin isoforms in VSMCs harvested from the arteries of patients with essential hypertension (EH) and normotension (NT) were identified in response to insulin treatment. Proliferation and activation of MAPK were more pronounced in EH VSMCs than in NEH VSMCs. Insulin exposure decreased expression of α-SM actin and was accompanied by rearrangement of intracellular F-actins in VSMCs, especially in the EH group. These effects were reversed by treatment with the PKC inhibitor. Conclusions Human mesenteric VSMCs of EH and NT patients differed in proliferation, MAPK signaling, and degree of changes in α-SM actin and F-actin isoforms immediately following insulin exposure in vitro.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(22025204,92034301,21773156,and 51932005)the Shanghai Sci.&Tech.and Edu.Committee(19070502700)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Com-mission(2021-01-07-00-02-E00119).
文摘Simple encapsulation of 3 nm gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbon with large pores of 17 nm and thick pore walls of 16 nm was achieved by a metal–ligand coordination assisted-selfassembly approach.Polystyrene-block-polyethylene-oxide(PS-b-PEO)diblock copolymer with a large molecular weight of the PS chain and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane were used as the template and the metal ligand,respectively.Small-angle X-ray scattering,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that monodispersed aggregation-free gold nanoparticles approximately 3 nm in size were partially embedded in the large open pore structure of the ordered mesoporous carbon.The strong coordination between the gold species and the mercapto groups and the thick porous walls increased the dispersion of the gold nanoparticles and essentially inhibited particle aggregation at 600℃.The gold nanoparticles in the ordered mesoporous carbon are active and stable in the reduction of nitroarenes involving bulky molecules using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent under ambient conditions(30℃)in water.The large interconnected pore structure facilitates the mass transfer of bulky molecules.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81872004
文摘BACKGROUND Biliary papillomatosis(BP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple papillary adenomas in the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tree and has a high risk of malignant transformation. Early diagnosis and treatment for BP are challenges, as it spreads along the biliary tract. A radical resection with an adequate resection margin is advocated in patients with malignant BP.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of BP with malignant transformation in a 52-year-old female patient who presented with emaciation, severe malnutrition, and a T-tube for biliary drainage that was placed for almost 2 years at the time she visited us. The enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed a neoplasm with a diameter of 15 cm located in the gallbladder area surrounding the common bile duct where a drainage tube was placed. It was the first case with malignant BP involving multiple organs and the abdominal wall and receiving a radical resection. Plastic surgeons helped close the incision by transferring the rectus muscle and external oblique muscle flap. A diagnosis of papillary carcinoma with diffuse malignant papillomatosis of the biliary duct was given.The postoperative course was uneventful and she was asymptomatic and in good physical condition at 35 mo postoperatively with appropriate chemotherapy.CONCLUSION Aggressive surgical treatment with appropriate chemotherapy is advocated for patients with malignant BP even if multiple organ invasion is present.
文摘The continuous production of disposable plastic straw places a high demand on global petrochemical resources and a significant environmental burden.Biodegradable and eco-friendly straws have therefore been studied and produced worldwide.This article briefly introduces the characteristics of paper straws and polylactic acid(PLA)straws,and focuses on edible straws made using,e.g.,hydrophilic colloids,zein,and starch.Raw-material selection,preparation methods,advantages,and defects of straws are summarized,to provide a reference for the development and research of eco-friendly straws.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21874071 and 22204077)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M701722)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.30921013112 and 30922010501)。
文摘Antibiotic abuse now poses a grave threat to global ecology and bestirs public concerns about the residue issue in daily necessities.The traceability measurements along supply chain or logistic circulation have become increasingly essential given the labile nature of diverse synthetic residuals on site.In an attempt to answer this urgency,here a miniaturized fluorometric aptasensor prototype was contrived that catered to the point-of-care screening norm for two typical additives:chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin.The key target-indicating module worked in vitro based on the competitive binding-induced fluorescence recovery of fluorescein-labeled aptamers,which were photobleached beforehand in the format of double helix on burlike nanogold carriers.The“prickly”geometry of the latter not just enriched the capture probes at preferentially substrate-accessible spires;but also contributed to a tip-enhanced surface plasmon effect,sensitizing the signal-on during the duplex dissociation even at nanomolar threshold of the analytes.On the other hand,to encompass a full portable,a set of optical devices were mounted within a 3D-printed cartridge(adaptor)to converge the light beam and route it towards the detector,for which the smartphone camera came up in handy with a home-developed App for calibrating the emissive brightness.Enlightened by the high-dynamic-range compression,an imaging diagnostic algorithm was built in to grid and digitize each slide in the album for augmented detection performance.Thus,a novel bio-to-silico integration was invented that capable of in situ rapid reporting on the antibiotic presence with high sensitivity and selectivity.Further field practices in spiked milk on sales proved the precision and rudimentary feasibility of the well-assembled model of appliance,thus holding nice prospects in nonexpert(e.g.,family and local community)utilities for foodborne antibiotic identification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32370825,92249302,92049301,31821002)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation 2020CFB668.
文摘Dear Editor,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,the most common inherited peripheral neuropathology,is highly heterogeneous among patients and associated with mutations in~100 different genes at an incidence of at least 1:2,500[1].Over 30 mutated genes have been identified in CMT2,which is characterized by peripheral axon degeneration and distal deficits in motor function[2].The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is the largest family in CMT2 and includes tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase(YARS,tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase).
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China for International Science&Innovation Cooperation Major Project between Governments(2018YFE0113200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21874071,22104058)+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX21_0281)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30921013112,30920021125,30922010501)
文摘Antibiotic abuse in food processing could threaten human health via either direct pathogen or drug-resistant infection.To curb this situation,it is of vital significance to identify trace level of antibiotics in foodstuffin a point-of-care inspection manner.Here,a smartphone-based electrochemical system was developed for the quantitation of chloramphenicol(CAP).The differential pulse voltammetric reduction of CAP was measured facilely on a piece of gold-deposited screen-printed electrode,which was docked onto a palm-sized detector with remote directives from a mobile APP of Bluetooth handshaking and digital display.Under optimal conditions,the target CAP could be determined in a range from 1 nmol/L to 5μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.25 nmol/L.Further tests on emulate samples demonstrated the miniaturized device could handle the food-screening scenarios with accuracy,convenience and quick response.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFA0205302)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province-Major Project (No. BK20212012)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21874071)the “Six Talents Peak” Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. SWYY-046)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD, No. YX030003)。
文摘Selective and sensitive detection of trace microRNA is important for early diagnosis of diseases due to its expression level related to diseases.Herein,a triple signal amplification strategy is developed for trace microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) detection by combining with target-triggered cyclic strand displacement reaction (TCSDR),hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and enzyme catalytic amplification.Four DNA hairpins(H1,H2,H3,H4) are employed to form an ultralong double-strand DNA (dsDNA) structure,which is initiated by target miRNA-21.As H3 and H4 are labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP),numerous HRPs are loaded on the long dsDNA,producing significantly enhanced electrocatalytic signals in the hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) and 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) reaction strategy.Compared with single signal amplification,the triple signal amplification strategy shows higher electrochemical response,wider dynamic range and lower detection limit for miRNA-21 detection with excellent selectivity,reproducibility and stability.Taking advantage of the triple signal amplification strategy,the proposed electrochemical biosensor can detect miRNA-21 in 10 He La cell lysates,suggesting that it is a promising method for fruitful assay in clinical diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6137103921305067+5 种基金21105048)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(2012T50475)Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20130754)Ph D Fund of the Ministry of Education for Young Teachers(0133219120019)King Saud University(Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program)Graduate Education Innovation Program of Nanjing University of Science and Technology and Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Organophosphorous pesticide(OP) contamination has serious adverse effects on human health and the environment. Due to the toxicity of OPs and the threat presented by their accidental or intentional release in populated areas, the determination and monitoring of these OPs in food products and environment is of great importance. OPs are present in very small quantities and therefore, methods for their detection need to be highly sensitive and selective. Here, we aimed to develop a simple and selective aptamer-based colorimetric assay for the detection of omethoate, which is one of the commonly used OPs. The principle of the assay is that single-stranded DNA(ss DNA)-wrapped gold nanoparticles(Au NPs) are resistant to salt-induced aggregation. By employing an "artificial antibody" organophosphorous pesticide-binding aptamer(OBA) as the recognition element, aptamer-wrapped Au NPs(Au-apta) show high selectivity towards omethoate, resulting in the disconnection of aptamers from Au NPs and the aggregation of Au NPs. As there is a significant color change from the interparticle plasmon coupling during the aggregation of Au NPs, the established assay showed good linearity between 0.1 and 10 μmol/L, with a low detection limit of 0.1 μmol/L. Other OPs such as profenofos, phorate, and isocarbophos would not interfere with the detection of omethoate despite having similar structures. Thus, the colorimetric method shows potential for use in the detection of omethoate in real soil samples.
基金National Key Research and Development Project(2020YFB1805800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61520106014,61675125,61705126,61735009)+1 种基金111 Project(D20031)Shanghai Professional Technical Public Service Platform of Advanced Optical Waveguide Intelligent Manufacturing and Testing(19DZ2294000)。
文摘A single-frequency distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) fiber laser at 1030 nm has been demonstrated using a 0.7 cm long homemade Yb:YAG crystal-derived silica fiber (YCDSF).The absorption and emission cross sections of the YCDSF are 4.93×10^(-20)cm^(2) at 980 nm and 1.1×10^(-20)cm^(2)at 1030 nm.Using this gain fiber,an over 255 m W continuous-wave lasing in the constructed laser has been obtained at single transverse and longitudinal mode operation.The slope efficiency and the pump threshold of the fiber laser were up to ~35%and as low as 25 m W,respectively.The fiber laser also demonstrated an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 79 dB and a beam quality factor of 1.016 in two orthogonal directions.Its power fluctuation at 210.5 m W was less than 0.85%of the average power within 13 h.Moreover,the relative intensity noise and linewidth of the laser are also investigated at the different pump powers.The results indicate that the single-frequency DBR fiber laser has potential applications in high-quality seed sources and high-precision optical sensing.
基金supported by Duke University Center for AIDS Research(CFAR)Small Grant(Q.-J.L)National Institutes of Health(NIH)Training Grants(2 T32 Al 052077-11 and 5 T32 Al 052077-09)(E.R.)American Association of Immunologists(AAI)Careers in Immunology Fellowship(Q.-J.L and E.R.).
文摘CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells are dichotomous lineages in adaptive immunity.While conventionally viewed as distinct fates that are fixed after thymic development,accumulating evidence indicates that these two populations can exhibit significant lineage plasticity,particularly upon TCR-mediated activation.We define a novel CD4^(-)CD8αβ^(+)MHC Ⅱ-recognizing population generated by lineage conversion from effector CD4^(+)T cells.CD4-CD8αβ^(+)effector T cells downregulated the expression of T helper cell-associated costimulatory molecules and inaeased the expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated cytotoxic molecules.This shift in functional potential corresponded with a CD8^(+)-lineage skewed transcriptional profile.TCRβ repertoire sequencing and in vivo genetic lineage tracing in acutely infected wild-type mice demonstrated that CD4^(-)CD8αβ^(+)effector T cells arise from fundamental lineage reprogramming of bona fide effector CD4^(+)T cells.Impairing autophagy via functional deletion of the initiating kinase Vps34 or the downstream enzyme Atg7 enhanced the generation of this cell population.These findings suggest that effector CD4^(+)T cells can exhibit a previously unreported degree of skewing towards the CD8^(+)T cell lineage,which may point towards a novel direction for HIV vaccine design.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China for International Science&Innovation Cooperation Major Project between Governments(No.2018YFE0113200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21722502,22074041)+1 种基金the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.19QA1403000)the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(STCSM)(Grant No.18490740500).
文摘Main observation and conclusion DNA circuits have been designed for implementation of various functions based on DNA strand displacement in cell-free settings,but their capabilities in biological environments remain limited.In this work,we report framework nucleic acid(FNA)-based circuits enabling intracellular logic computation for mRNA imaging.FNAs as rigid scaffolds enable to deliver our built DNA circuits into cells without aid of transfection reagents,evading a time-consuming and tedious process prior to analysis,and the pendant duplex DNA designed at one vertex of FNA as gate is suitable for four-way strand exchange,minimizing crosstalk with other nucleic acids in the cellular milieu.We demonstrated that such FNA-based circuits can operate both in vitro and in vivo logic computation,including OR and AND logic gates.Moreover,in situ mRNA imaging was also realized by exploiting native mRNA as scaffolds to bind multiple FNA-based gates for the enhanced signal-to-background ratio.We hope that this FNA-based circuit can be applied for disease diagnosis,facilitating the development of biomedicine.
基金We are grateful to Drs Qi-jing Li and Lili Du for the critical reading of the manuscript. This study was supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 program, 2010CB529100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81273288 and No. 81201587).
文摘MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing at the translational level has led to novel discoveries for numerous biological processes. Recently, there has been increasing evidence to indicate that miRNAs are involved in normal immune functions and inflammation. In this review, we focus on recent advances that have elucidated the role of miRNAs in B-cell development, differentiation, apoptosis and function. While the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in controlling and maintaining B-cell fate remain largely uncharacterized, further studies on miRNAs and their targets will increase our understanding of B-cell development and function. Such studies may be able to provide new therapeutic strategies for treating autoimmune diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91642104,31670897,and 81471528 to GH81600788 to MH,81671399 and 81971329 to XL,81725004 to HBL,82001702 to TZ)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021B1515130004 to GH2021B1515140021 to YYW)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0115900 to GH)。
文摘Dendritic cells(DCs)play a critical role in controlling T helper 2(Th2)cell-dependent diseases,but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood.We showed that p38αactivity in DCs was decreased upon HDM stimulation and dynamically regulated by both extrinsic signals and Th2-instructive cytokines.p38α-specific deletion in cDC1s but not in cDC2s or macrophages promoted Th2 responses under HDM stimulation.Further study showed that p38αin cDC1s regulated Th2-cell differentiation by modulating the MK2−c-FOS−IL-12 axis.Importantly,crosstalk between p38α-dependent DCs and Th2 cells occurred during the sensitization phase,not the effector phase,and was conserved between mice and humans.Our results identify p38αsignaling as a central pathway in DCs that integrates allergic and parasitic instructive signals with Th2-instructive cytokines from the microenvironment to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and function,and this finding may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases and parasitic infection.