Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on Repairing of Phenol-Induced Vaginal Mucosal Epithelium Damage in Rats

Objective: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of β-glucan on the repair of damaged vaginal mucosa, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and the inflammatory factor-6 (IL-6) in vaginal tissues. Methods: Thirty-six adult female specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 phase groups with 12 rats each. Vaginal inflammation rat models were established by injecting phenol gel into the vagina of each rat at a dose of 0.1 ml/100g body weight. After modeling, rats were divided into 4 groups based on different concentrations of the test agent. The control group was injected with 0.5 ml of saline, experimental group A was injected with 0.375 ml saline 0.125 ml β-glucan, experimental group B was injected with 0.25 ml saline 0.25 ml β-glucan, and experimental group C was injected with 0.50 ml β-glucan. The injection sites were selected at the 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock positions of the vagina. Rats were sacrificed at 7-, 14-, and 28-days post-injection, and tissue samples were collected from the injection sites and prepared for histological analysis. New blood vessels and fibroblast numbers in the tissues were observed after Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of VEGF and IL-6 in the tissues were measured using quantificational reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: Histological examination of vaginal tissue specimens at 7-, 14-, and 28-days post-injection showed that on day 7, there were no significant changes in the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, on days 14 and 28, the experimental groups showed more new blood vessels, macrophages, and fibroblasts with increased activity compared to the control group. The expression levels of VEGF in vaginal tissues were elevated on days 14 and 28 in the experimental groups. The comparison of IL-6 levels in vaginal tissues on day 28 showed that serum IL-6 levels returned to normal, and there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: In the 3 experimental phases, the increase in VEGF levels in vaginal tissues on day 14 post-injection was more pronounced with higher concentrations of β-glucan, and IL-6 levels returned to normal on day 28. β-Glucan can enhance VEGF levels in damaged vaginal tissues, promote the repair of damaged vaginal tissues, and higher concentrations of β-glucan have a better effect.

无机化学中“酸碱解离”教学内容的重构探讨

依据素质教育中知识-能力-素质有机融合的思想指导,对《无机化学》酸碱解离内容进行重组,构建新的课程设计模块。内容重组扩充为5个模块,包括电解质溶液基础、酸碱理论概述、酸碱强度、弱酸弱碱解离平衡和酸碱滴定与误差基本概念。教学内容的重构在保证基本面知识结构完整的前提下与时俱进,从专业能力方面促进学生发展。

Volatile Solid and Bury Period Influence on Odorous Material Production in Simulating Landfill Treatment

Odor pollution in landfill area has attracted more social attention in China. It is very important to control the generation of odor pollutants in situ. Analyzing odorous materials production form buried waste, simulated columns of different volatile solid (VS) content and different buried period waste were designed. Gas compounds produced from the columns were collected and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) method. It has remarkable relationship between VS content and concentrations of odorous material. When VS content more than 40%, the total amount of odorous compounds increases remarkably. It can be inferred that reduced VS content of original waste may effective decreasing odorous materials production in landfill area. The old rubbish produced more odorous compounds than that of fresh one in simulated columns.

39例肺肉瘤样癌临床病理特征及预后分析

背景与目的肺肉瘤样癌(pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma,PSC)是非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的罕见类型,具有低发病率、高度恶性、强侵袭性、预后差的特点,当前无标准治疗方案。本研究拟通过收集PSC患者临床病理特征、当前诊治情况并分析预后因素,总结诊治经验,旨在提高临床对PSC的认识。方法回顾性收集2013年12月至2023年12月于北京胸科医院确诊、接受治疗且临床资料完整的39例PSC患者的人口学信息、临床病理特征、肿瘤原发灶-淋巴结-转移(tumor-node-metastasis,TNM)分期和诊疗方案资料,并完成临床预后随访。应用Kaplan-Meier法进行单因素生存分析。结果39例PSC患者年龄范围45-76岁,其中男性35例,女性4例,首诊临床表现缺乏特异性;20例患者接受手术治疗,19例患者行姑息性放化疗或对症支持治疗。患者1、5年生存率分别为61.90%、35.20%。单因素分析结果提示恶性肿瘤家族史、肿瘤部位、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移、是否手术、手术类型、治疗方案、细胞程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)蛋白表达≥1%、间质上皮细胞转化因子(mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor,MET)通路异常与患者总生存期(overall survival,OS)有关(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,淋巴结转移是患者OS的独立影响因素(P=0.037)。结论PSC临床发病率低,多见于有吸烟史的老年男性。PD-L1蛋白表达≥1%及MET通路异常可提示患者不良预后,淋巴结转移是患者OS的独立危险因素。以手术为主的综合治疗是早期及局部晚期患者的主要治疗模式,靶向治疗和免疫治疗的临床应用价值有待进一步探索。

强化过程考核评价下的物理化学课程改革实践

科学有效的过程考核评价能够显著地提升学习成效,是理工科课程改革和建设中不可或缺的重要环节。本文围绕工程教育专业认证,从物理化学课程定位出发分析了现存问题,实施了主次分明、内容丰富、持续不断的过程考核评价改革方案。该方案侧重于分散学习压力和改变学习习惯,产生了显著的累积效应,有效地激发了学习兴趣和树立了学习信心,同时改善了教学满意度,切实地提高了学生的学习成效,体现了“学生中心、产出导向、持续改进”的成果导向教育理念(OBE),为授课体量庞大的理工科课程改革提供了思路。

基于文化自信的中外合作办学学科基础课“General Chemistry”课程思政建设探索与实践

“General Chemistry”是面向中外合作办学工科专业学生开设的一门学科基础课。为了提升教学质量,课程引入国外经典教材,在教学过程中面临外来文化的冲击和文化自信缺失的风险。因此,必须通过“General Chemistry”课程思政教学提升学生对自身文化的深度认同。本文中,“General Chemistry”课程思政建设坚持文化自信理念,积极挖掘中国思政元素,将中外思政元素合理融入到教学的每一个环节,不断助推课程思政教学内涵式发展,打造课程思政高效课堂,取得了较好的育人成效。

Gut flora in multiple sclerosis:implications for pathogenesis and treatment

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disorder chara cterized by inflammation,demyelination,and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system.Although current first-line therapies can help manage symptoms and slow down disease progression,there is no cure for multiple sclerosis.The gut-brain axis refers to complex communications between the gut flo ra and the immune,nervous,and endocrine systems,which bridges the functions of the gut and the brain.Disruptions in the gut flora,termed dys biosis,can lead to systemic inflammation,leaky gut syndrome,and increased susceptibility to infections.The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors,and gut flora may play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses related to multiple scle rosis.To develop more effective therapies for multiple scle rosis,we should further uncover the disease processes involved in multiple sclerosis and gain a better understanding of the gut-brain axis.This review provides an overview of the role of the gut flora in multiple scle rosis.

Constructing long-cycling crystalline C_(3)N_(4)-based carbonaceous anodes for sodium-ion battery via N configuration control

Carbon nitrides with two-dimensional layered structures and high theoretical capacities are attractive as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries while their low crystallinity and insufficient structural stability strongly restrict their practical applications.Coupling carbon nitrides with conductive carbon may relieve these issues.However,little is known about the influence of nitrogen(N)configurations on the interactions between carbon and C_(3)N_(4),which is fundamentally critical for guiding the precise design of advanced C_(3)N_(4)-related electrodes.Herein,highly crystalline C_(3)N_(4)(poly(triazine imide),PTI)based all-carbon composites were developed by molten salt strategy.More importantly,the vital role of pyrrolic-N for enhancing charge transfer and boosting Na+storage of C_(3)N_(4)-based composites,which was confirmed by both theoretical and experimental evidence,was spot-highlighted for the first time.By elaborately controlling the salt composition,the composite with high pyrrolic-N and minimized graphitic-N content was obtained.Profiting from the formation of highly crystalline PTI and electrochemically favorable pyrrolic-N configurations,the composite delivered an unusual reverse growth and record-level cycling stability even after 5000 cycles along with high reversible capacity and outstanding full-cell capacity retention.This work broadens the energy storage applications of C_(3)N_(4) and provides new prospects for the design of advanced all-carbon electrodes.

在硫化钼基面上调控原子级协同活性中心用于碱氢演化反应

电解水技术是一种生产高纯氢燃料的方法,能够增强可再生能源发电系统的消纳能力.相较于质子交换膜(PEM)电解槽,碱性(ALK)电解槽可以使用非贵金属基催化电极,拥有更高的经济效益和市场占有率.然而,由于ALK电解槽处于质子稀缺环境,阴极氢气演化反应(HER)动力学变得更加复杂,需要快速解离水分子提供动态质子微环境.硫化钼(MoS_(2))纳米片边缘具有合适的质子吸附和演化的活性位点,是制备HER催化剂的潜力材料.但其二维基面原子由于配位饱和,显示出较弱的质子吸附能力.如何调控MoS_(2)基面以实现水解动力与质子吸附演化动力的集成,提升MoS_(2)纳米片的碱性HER活性,具有重要的科学和应用意义.本文提出了一种Co/O双原子植入策略,精准调控双活性位点及其电子结构,实现了水解离动力和质子吸附演化动力的高效耦联.首先,利用刻蚀和电沉积的两步实验法,在MoS_(2)基面上成功引入O和Co原子;随后,结合高分辨透射电镜、高角环形暗场-扫描透射电子显微镜、同步辐射X射线吸收精细结构谱等表征分析技术,精准识别了掺杂Co/O原子的位置和配位情况:O原子替换部分S原子,Co原子占据Mo原子的上方,构建出立体凸起的“O-Co-S_(2)”配位构型.催化在线的原位表征分析结果表明:该独特的“O-Co-S_(2)”原子基序发挥着水解离与氢演化反应协同催化效应.密度泛函理论计算结果也证实了该协同机制,其中Co位点促进水的解离反应,而S位点则有助于质子的转化生成氢气.因此,Co/O掺杂MoS_(2)催化剂(Co-O@MoS_(2))表现出较好的碱性HER活性:仅需81 mV的过电位,即可达到100 mA cm^(‒2)的电流密度,Tafel斜率低至42 mV dec^(‒1),在600 mA cm^(‒2)的高电流密度测试中运行300 h活性无衰减.上述碱性HER性能不仅远高于原始的MoS_(2)纳米片,而且也领先于部分已报道结果.综上所述,本文在MoS_(2)基面上构筑了原子级协同催化活性中心,显著促进了碱性HER反应性能,为原子活化工程开发先进催化剂提供参考,在原子级基序构造、表征和功能分析方面提供借鉴.

Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord.Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury.We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions.Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions.Importantly,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury.These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

Microglia lactylation in relation to central nervous system diseases

The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,injury response,and neurodegenerative diseases.Lactate has been considered a metabolic waste product,but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of lactate.Lactylation is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions,macrophage polarization,neuromodulation,and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various diseases.This review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation,histone versus non-histone lactylation,and therapeutic approaches targeting lactate.Finally,we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases.A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

EZH2-dependent myelination following sciatic nerve injury

Demyelination and remyelination have been major focal points in the study of peripheral nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.Notably,the gene regulatory network of regenerated myelin differs from that of native myelin.Silencing of enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2)hinders the differentiation,maturation,and myelination of Schwann cells in vitro.To further determine the role of EZH2 in myelination and recovery post-peripheral nerve injury,conditional knockout mice lacking Ezh2 in Schwann cells(Ezh2^(fl/fl);Dhh-Cre and Ezh2^(fl/fl);Mpz-Cre)were generated.Our results show that a significant proportion of axons in the sciatic nerve of Ezh2-depleted mice remain unmyelinated.This highlights the crucial role of Ezh2 in initiating Schwann cell myelination.Furthermore,we observed that 21 days after inducing a sciatic nerve crush injury in these mice,most axons had remyelinated at the injury site in the control nerve,while Ezh2^(fl/fl);Mpz-Cre mice had significantly fewer remyelinated axons compared with their wild-type littermates.This suggests that the absence of Ezh2 in Schwann cells impairs myelin formation and remyelination.In conclusion,EZH2 has emerged as a pivotal regulatory factor in the process of demyelination and myelin regeneration following peripheral nerve injury.Modulating EZH2 activity during these processes may offer a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.

Pro-resolving lipid mediator reduces amyloid-β42–induced gene expression in human monocyte–derived microglia

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators including maresin 1 mediate resolution but the levels of these are reduced in Alzheimer's disease brain, suggesting that they constitute a novel target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent/stop inflammation and combat disease pathology. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether they counteract the expression of genes and proteins induced by amyloid-β. With this objective, we analyzed the relevance of human monocyte–derived microglia for in vitro modeling of neuroinflammation and its resolution in the context of Alzheimer's disease and investigated the pro-resolving bioactivity of maresin 1 on amyloid-β42–induced Alzheimer's disease–like inflammation. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data and secreted proteins in supernatants from the monocyte-derived microglia showed that the monocyte-derived microglia resembled Alzheimer's disease–like neuroinflammation in human brain microglia after incubation with amyloid-β42. Maresin 1 restored homeostasis by down-regulating inflammatory pathway related gene expression induced by amyloid-β42 in monocyte-derived microglia, protection of maresin 1 against the effects of amyloid-β42 is mediated by a re-balancing of inflammatory transcriptional networks in which modulation of gene transcription in the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway plays a major part. We pinpointed molecular targets that are associated with both neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic targets by maresin 1. In conclusion, monocyte-derived microglia represent a relevant in vitro microglial model for studies on Alzheimer's disease-like inflammation and drug response for individual patients. Maresin 1 ameliorates amyloid-β42–induced changes in several genes of importance in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

Genetic and pathogenic characterization of new infectious bronchitis virus strains in the GVI-1 and GI-19 lineages isolated in central China

Avian infectious bronchitis(IB)is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),which is prevalent in many countries worldwide and causes serious harm to the poultry industry.At present,many commercial IBV vaccines have been used for the prevention and control of IB;however,IB outbreaks occur frequently.In this study,two new strains of IBV,SX/2106 and SX/2204,were isolated from two flocks which were immunized with IBV H120 vaccine in central China.Phylogenetic and recombination analysis indicated that SX/2106,which was clustered into the GI-19 lineage,may be derived from recombination events of the GI-19 and GI-7 strains and the LDT3-A vaccine.Genetic analysis showed that SX/2204 belongs to the GVI-1 lineage,which may have originated from the recombination of the GI-13 and GVI-1 strains and the H120 vaccine.The virus cross-neutralization test showed that the antigenicity of SX/2106 and SX/2204 was different from H120.Animal experiments found that both SX/2106 and SX/2204 could replicate effectively in the lungs and kidneys of chickens and cause disease and death,and H120 immunization could not provide effective protection against the two IBV isolates.It is noteworthy that the pathogenicity of SX/2204 has significantly increased compared to the GVI-1 strains isolated previously,with a mortality rate up to 60%.Considering the continuous mutation and recombination of the IBV genome to produce new variant strains,it is important to continuously monitor epidemic strains and develop new vaccines for the prevention and control of IBV epidemics.

Tissue optical clearing enhances efficacy of vascular targeted photodynamic therapy of mouse dorsal skin

Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy(V-PDT)is an effective treatment for port wine stains(PWS).However,repeated treatment is usually needed to achieve optimal treatment outcomes,possibly due to the limited treatment light penetration depth in the PWS lesion.The optical clearing technique can increase light penetration in depth by reducing light scattering.This study aimed to investigate the V-PDT in combination with an optical clearing agent(OCA)for the therapeutic enhancement of V-PDT in the rodent skinfold window chamber model.Vascular responses were closely monitored with laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI),optical coherence tomography angiography,and stereo microscope before,during,and after the treatment.We further quantitatively demonstrated the effects of V-PDT in combination with OCA on the blood flow and blood vessel size of skin microvasculature.The combination of OCA and V-PDT resulted in significant vascular damage,including vasoconstriction and the reduction of blood flow.Our results indicate the promising potential of OCA for enhancing V-PDT for treating vascular-related diseases,including PWS.

Multi-genome evolutionary study of the ABC1 gene family and identification of the pleiotropic effects of OsABC1-13 in rice development

In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.

Microstructure and properties of 35 kg large aluminum alloy flywheel housing components formed by squeeze casting with local pressure compensation

The squeeze casting method with local pressure compensation was proposed to form a flywheel housing component with a weight of 35 kg.The numerical simulation,microstructure observation and phase characterization were performed,and the influence of local pressure compensation on feeding of thick-wall position,microstructure and mechanical properties of the formed components were discussed.Results show that the molten metal keeps a good fluidity and the filling is complete during the filling process.Although the solidification at thick-wall positions of the mounting ports is slow,the local pressure compensation effectively realizes the local forced feeding,significantly eliminating the shrinkage cavity defects.In the microstructure of AlSi9Mg alloy,α-Al primarily consists of fragmented dendrites and rosette grains,while eutectic Si predominantly comprises needles and short rods.The impact of local pressure compensation on strength is relatively minimal,yet its influence on elongation is considerable.Following local pressure compensation,the average elongation at the compensated areas is 9.18%,which represents a 44.90%higher than that before compensation.The average tensile strength is 209.1 MPa,and the average yield strength is 100.6 MPa.The local pressure compensation can significantly reduce or even eliminate the internal defects in the 35 kg large-weight components formed by squeeze casting.

Heat-inducible SlWRKY3 confers thermotolerance by activating the SlGRXS1 gene cluster in tomato

High temperature stress is one of the major environmental factors that affect the growth and development of plants. Although WRKY transcription factors play a critical role in stress responses, there are few studies on the regulation of heat stress by WRKY transcription factors,especially in tomato. Here, we identified a group I WRKY transcription factor, SlWRKY3, involved in thermotolerance in tomato. First, SlWRKY3 was induced and upregulated under heat stress. Accordingly, overexpression of SlWRKY3 led to an increase, whereas knock-out of SlWRKY3 resulted in decreased tolerance to heat stress. Overexpression of SlWRKY3 accumulated less reactive oxygen species(ROS), whereas knock-out of SlWRKY3 accumulated more ROS under heat stress. This indicated that SlWRKY3 positively regulates heat stress in tomato. In addition,SlWRKY3 activated the expression of a range of abiotic stress-responsive genes involved in ROS scavenging, such as a SlGRXS1 gene cluster.Further analysis showed that SlWRKY3 can bind to the promoters of the SlGRXS1 gene cluster and activate their expression. Collectively, these results imply that SlWRKY3 is a positive regulator of thermotolerance through direct binding to the promoters of the SlGRXS1 gene cluster and activating their expression and ROS scavenging.

Atomic Dispersed Hetero‑Pairs for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO_(2)Reduction

Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)involves a variety of intermediates with highly correlated reaction and ad-desorption energies,hindering optimization of the catalytic activity.For example,increasing the binding of the*COOH to the active site will generally increase the*CO desorption energy.Breaking this relationship may be expected to dramatically improve the intrinsic activity of CO_(2)RR,but remains an unsolved challenge.Herein,we addressed this conundrum by constructing a unique atomic dispersed hetero-pair consisting of Mo-Fe di-atoms anchored on N-doped carbon carrier.This system shows an unprecedented CO_(2)RR intrinsic activity with TOF of 3336 h−1,high selectivity toward CO production,Faradaic efficiency of 95.96%at−0.60 V and excellent stability.Theoretical calculations show that the Mo-Fe diatomic sites increased the*COOH intermediate adsorption energy by bridging adsorption of*COOH intermediates.At the same time,d-d orbital coupling in the Mo-Fe di-atom results in electron delocalization and facilitates desorption of*CO intermediates.Thus,the undesirable correlation between these steps is broken.This work provides a promising approach,specifically the use of di-atoms,for breaking unfavorable relationships based on understanding of the catalytic mechanisms at the atomic scale.

Highly selective photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) to CH_(4) on electron-rich Fe species cocatalyst under visible light irradiation

Efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) to high-calorific-value CH4,an ideal target product,is a blueprint for C_(1)industry relevance and carbon neutrality,but it also faces great challenges.Herein,we demonstrate unprecedented hybrid SiC photocatalysts modified by Fe-based cocatalyst,which are prepared via a facile impregnation-reduction method,featuring an optimized local electronic structure.It exhibits a superior photocatalytic carbon-based products yield of 30.0μmol g^(−1) h^(−1) and achieves a record CH_(4) selectivity of up to 94.3%,which highlights the effectiveness of electron-rich Fe cocatalyst for boosting photocatalytic performance and selectivity.Specifically,the synergistic effects of directional migration of photogenerated electrons and strongπ-back bonding on low-valence Fe effectively strengthen the adsorption and activation of reactants and intermediates in the CO_(2)→CH_(4) pathway.This study inspires an effective strategy for enhancing the multielectron reduction capacity of semiconductor photocatalysts with low-cost Fe instead of noble metals as cocatalysts.