Practice of Infection Prevention and Control Strategies in Risk Departments during the COVID-19 Epidemic

Objective: To explore the practice and application of infection prevention and control strategies in risk departments during the COVID-19 epidemic, and to formulate the infection prevention and control measures to provide advice and guidance in risk departments. Methods: According to the latest plan of diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission, expert advice and consensus, combined with the actual situation in our hospital, a series of infection prevention and control measures of COVID-19 in risk department was formulated. Results: During the epidemic period, the prevention and control measures of nine risk departments including emergency operation, anesthesiology, endoscopy center, blood purification center, otolaryngology, stomatology, medical imaging department, medical cosmetology department and pulmonary function room were established from six aspects, including pre-examination and screening, medical technology control, personnel management, personal protection, environmental disinfection, medical waste disposal, etc. Conclusion: During the epidemic period, the infection prevention and control strategy of risk departments is one of the key links to control the spread of the epidemic, and risk departments must pay attention to and strictly implement various infection prevention and control measures.

Prevention and Control Strategies of Nosocomial Infection and Effectiveness Evaluation in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital during the Epidemic of COVID-19

Objective: To evaluate the role of prevention and control strategies for nosocomial infection in a tertiary teaching hospital during the sudden outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The hospital initiated an emergency plan involving multi-departmental defense and control. It adopted a series of nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, including strengthening pre-examination and triage, optimizing the consultation process, improving the hospital’s architectural composition, implementing graded risk management, enhancing personal protection, and implementing staff training and supervision. Descriptive research was used to evaluate the short-term effects of these in-hospital prevention and control strategies. The analysis compared changes in related evaluation indicators between January 24, 2020 and February 12, 2020 (Chinese Lunar New Year’s Eve 2020 to lunar January 19) and the corresponding lunar period of the previous year. Results: Compared to the same period last year, the outpatient fever rate increased by 1.85-fold (P P Conclusion: The nosocomial infection prevention and control strategies implemented during this specific period improved the detection and control abilities for the COVID-19 source of infection and enhanced the compliance with measures. This likely contributed significantly to avoiding the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

机车用钛合金弹簧的设计与制备

钛合金弹簧替代钢制弹簧应用于机车悬架弹簧可以减重40%~60%,而且钛合金弹簧具有良好的耐蚀性和阻尼特性,不仅能够抵御恶劣环境的腐蚀,增加机车的行驶里程,还能增强机车的操控性和乘架的舒适性。通过赛车用悬架弹簧实例,详细介绍TB9钛合金弹簧的设计方法和制备过程。计算得到钛合金悬架弹簧的螺旋角为9.45°,已经超出弹簧设计国家标准范围,因此对公式进行了修正。此外,还研究了温度对TB9钛合金弹簧刚度的影响。研究发现,随着温度的上升,TB9钛合金弹簧的刚度逐渐下降。

钛合金的组织和织构对超声波检测信号的影响

超声波检测不仅能够通过缺陷的反射信号确定缺陷的尺寸和位置,也可以通过超声波波速的变化、超声信号的衰减和散射等表征具有复杂微观结构的钛合金产品。详细介绍了具有复杂微观结构以及织构特征的钛合金材料的超声波检测技术,通过超声波反馈信号分析钛合金组织、织构以及力学性能的相关信息,并介绍钛合金超声波检测技术方面的最新进展。近年来开发的钛合金超声波检测技术有织构宏区的定量表征方法、共振超声光谱无损评估方法以及模式转换超声散射技术等,并已应用于航空航天等领域钛合金零部件的无损检测。

抑制肺鳞癌靶点HMGCS1促进细胞铁死亡

背景与目的靶向治疗在肺鳞癌中的效果不理想,而免疫治疗较低的应答率阻碍了其在肺鳞癌中的应用,因此,探索肺鳞癌治疗的新策略十分迫切。铁死亡在抑制肿瘤方面发挥了重要作用,本研究旨在探究靶向3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A合酶1(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Co A synthase 1,HMGCS1)对肺鳞癌细胞铁死亡的调控和作用机制,为肺鳞癌治疗提供新的研究思路和方向。方法通过肿瘤基因组图谱(e Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)和临床蛋白质组肿瘤分析联盟(Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium,CPTAC)在线蛋白数据库分析HMGCS1在肺鳞癌中的表达情况;通过Kaplan-Meier Plotter在线生存数据库分析HMGCS1与肺癌生存时间的关系;通过免疫组化验证HMGCS1在肺鳞癌组织的表达水平;在肺鳞癌细胞系SKMES细胞通过小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,si RNA)干扰HMGCS1表达后,通过CCK8和Transwell检测细胞活性和细胞迁移能力;通过流式细胞术检测干扰HMGCS1后或用HMGCS1抑制剂hymeglusin处理后细胞凋亡水平;通过流式和高内涵共聚焦荧光成像系统分别检测抑制HMGCS1后SKMES细胞中Fe~(2+)、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和脂质过氧化水平;通过Western blot检测抑制HMGCS1后铁死亡通路标志蛋白ACSL4、GPX4和SLC7A11表达。结果HMGCS1 m RNA和蛋白水平在肺鳞癌均显著高表达;si RNA干扰HMGCS1表达抑制了肺鳞癌细胞增殖活性和迁移能力,但对细胞凋亡没有显著影响。干扰HMGCS1后或用HMGCS1抑制剂hymeglusin处理后显著促进了SKMES细胞内Fe~(2+)、ROS和脂质过氧化水平,促进肺鳞癌细胞铁死亡;Western blot检测显示抑制HMGCS1显著促进了ACSL4的表达。结论抑制肺鳞癌靶点HMGCS1可促进肺癌细胞铁死亡,为肺鳞癌筛选新的治疗靶点提供了研究基础。

高校基础化学实验准备工作精细化——以武汉大学为例

基础化学实验面向全校化学、近化学等多个学科专业开设,学生人数多、涉及专业广、仪器药品种类多数量大,繁琐的实验准备工作是很多专技人员面临的不小挑战。科学、精细的实验准备工作,不仅能降低劳动强度,提高工作效率,而且能有力支撑实验教学,提高教学质量。本文结合武汉大学基础化学实验课程的实验准备工作,详细介绍了系列精细化举措,并通过若干具体实例展示精细化实施细节,方便应用推广。

感应加热TA18钛合金热压缩本构方程及热加工图

以锻造TA18钛合金棒材为研究对象,利用Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机模拟感应加热升温过程,在变形温度为820~900℃,应变速率为0.1~10 s^(-1),变形量为80%的条件下进行了热压缩试验,研究其高温力学行为。基于Arrhenius型本构方程和Z参数建立了TA18钛合金高温流变峰值应力模型,采用动态材料模型绘制热加工图,根据Prasad失稳判据构建了塑性失稳图。结果表明,应变速率一定时TA18钛合金流变应力随着变形温度升高而减小,变形温度一定时呈现出正应变速率敏感性;在应变速率≥1 s^(-1)条件下,TA18钛合金表现出动态再结晶行为;Arrhenius方程能较好地预测TA18钛合金在不同工艺参数下的峰值应力变化规律;在变形温度860~880℃、应变速率3~10s^(-1)区间内,TA18钛合金具有较好的热加工性能。

水氧化还原反应中电极电势的计算和讨论

计算电极电势是电化学的必备技能。目前物理化学教材中,一般只给出了酸性条件下部分物质的标准电极电势(φ^(Θ)),以及如何利用Nernst方程由φ^(Θ)计算电极电势(φ)。教材中对于碱性条件下φ_(B)^(Θ)没有涉及,学生对φ_(B)^(Θ)不甚理解,乃至在由φ_(B)^(Θ)计算φ时可能得到错误的结果和结论。本文以水(H_(2)O)氧化还原反应为例,从物质的标准生成Gibbs自由能变(△_(f)G_(m)^(Θ))出发计算φ^(Θ)和φ_(B)^(Θ),结合酸(或碱)性条件下反应物种的分析,利用Nernst方程计算不同pH下的φ,给出φ–pH图。此外,还讨论了热力学同位素效应对φ^(Θ)和φ的影响。这可为作为相关教学和科研的参考。

Ground-layer Adaptive Optics for the 2.5 m Wide-field and High-resolution Solar Telescope

The 2.5 m wide-field and high-resolution solar telescope(WeHoST)is currently under developing for solar observations.WeHoST aims to achieve high-resolution observations over a super-wide field of view(FOV)of5′×5′,and a desired resolution of 0.3″.To meet the scientific requirements of WeHoST,the ground-layer adaptive optics(GLAO)with a specially designed wave front sensing system is as the primary consideration.We introduce the GLAO configuration,particularly the wave front sensing scheme.Utilizing analytic method,we simulate the performance of both classical AO and GLAO systems,optimize the wave front sensing system,and evaluate GLAO performance in terms of PSF uniformity and correction improvement across whole FOV.The results indicate that,the classical AO will achieve diffraction-limited resolution;the suggested GLAO configuration will uniformly improve the seeing across the full 5′×5′FOV,reducing the FWHM across the axis FOV to less than0.3″(λ≥705 nm,r0≥11 cm),which is more than two times improvement.The specially designed wave front sensor schedule offers new potential for WeHoST’s GLAO,particularly the multi-FOV GLAO and the flexibility to select the detected area.These capabilities will significantly enhance the scientific output of the telescope.

Endowing low fatigue for elastocaloric effect by refined hierarchical microcomposite in additive manufactured NiTiCuCo alloy

NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys have been considered as ideal materials for solid-state refrigeration due to their superb cycling stability for elastocaloric effect.However,the embrittlement and deterioration caused by secondary phase and coarse grains restrict their applications,and it is still challenging since the geometric components are required.Here,bulk NiTiCuCo parts with excellent forming quality were fabricated by laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technique.The as-fabricated alloy exhibits refined three-phases hierarchical microcomposite formed based on the rapid cooling mode of LPBF,composed of intricate dendritic Ti2Ni–NiTi composite and nano Ti2Cu embedded inside the NiTi-matrix.This configuration endows far superior elastocaloric stability compared to the as-cast counterpart.The low fatigue stems from the strong elastic coupling between the interphases with reversible martensite transformation,revealed by in-situ synchrotron high-energy x-ray diffraction.The fabrication of NiTiCuCo alloy via LPBF fills the bill of complex geometric structures for elastocaloric NiTiCu alloys.The understanding of interphase micro-coupling could provide the guide for designing LPBF fabricated shape memory-based composites,enabling their applications for special demands on other functionalities.

长期探寻的Au_(23)(S-Adm)_(16)结构及未曾预期的掺杂效应

一锅同时获得单个金属原子掺杂的纳米团簇与母体团簇富有挑战性。这样的合成可排除微量杂质的影响,使得掺杂和未掺杂纳米团簇的性质对比更加合理可靠。在此,我们首次实现了这种合成,得到了长期追寻的纳米团簇Au_(23)(SAdm)_(16)和其单镉掺杂的Au_(22)Cd_1(S-Adm)_(16)纳米团簇,并通过单晶X射线晶体学解析了其结构。令人惊讶的是,与以前的报道结果相反,Au_(23)(S-Adm)_(16)比Au_(22)Cd_1(S-Adm)_(16)更稳定。另一方面,由于掺入镉原子后,内核Au―Au键长度增加,光激发电子转移阻力增加,导致Au_(22)Cd_1(S-Adm)_(16)吸收和发射强度明显下降。因而,不仅团簇的稳定性,而且团簇的吸收和发射强度也与内核Au―Au键的长度关联。这项工作表明了两种团簇结构上的微小差异就可导致光学、热稳定性等方面的显著区别,也为研究金属纳米团簇的构效关系提供了良好的借鉴。

Sonodynamic therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory disease of large and medium-sized arteries that leads to ischemic heart disease,stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.Despite the current treatments,mortality and disability still remain high.Sonodynamic therapy(SDT),a non-invasive and localized methodology,has been developed as a promising new treatment for inhibiting atherosclerotic progression and stabilizing plaques.Promising progress has been made through cell and animal assays,as well as clinical trials.For example,the effect of SDT on apoptosis and autophagy of cells in AS,especially macrophages,and the concept of non-lethal SDT has also been proposed.In this review,we summarize the ultrasonic parameters and known sonosensitizers utilized in SDT for AS;we elaborate on SDT's therapeutic effects and mechanisms in terms of macrophages,T lymphocytes,neovascularization,smooth muscle cells,lipid,extracellular matrix and efferocytosis within plaques;additionally,we discuss the safety of SDT.A comprehensive summary of the confirmed effects of SDT on AS is conducted to establish a framework for future researchers.

An efficient recycling strategy to eliminate the residual“impurities”while heal the damaged structure of spent graphite anodes

The recycling of graphite from spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)is overlooked due to its relatively low added value and the lack of efficient recovering methods.To reuse the spent graphite anodes,we need to eliminate their useless components(mainly the degraded solid electrolyte interphase,SEI)and reconstruct their damaged structure.Herein,a facile and efficient strategy is proposed to recycle the spent graphite on the basis of the careful investigation of the composition of the cycled graphite anodes and the rational design of the regeneration processes.The regenerated graphite,which is revitalized by calcination treatment and acid leaching,delivers superb rate performance and a high specific capacity of 370 mAh g^(-1)(~99% of its theoretical capacity)after 100 cycles at 0.1 C,superior to the commercial graphite anodes.The improved electrochemical performance could be attributed to unchoked Li^(+) transport channels and enhanced charge transfer reaction due to the effective destruction of the degraded SEI and the full recovery of the damaged structure of the spent graphite.This work clarifies that the electrochemical performance of the regenerated graphite could be deteriorated by even a trace amount of the residual“impurity”and provides a facile method for the efficient regeneration of graphite anodes.

Revealing the stability origins of 596 days-humidity-stable semitransparentperovskite solar cells

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites(HOIPs)hold promise in the field of optoelectronics due to their excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency.However,the ion migration and hygroscopicity of these perovskite solar cells need to be addressed.Here,we presented semitransparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs)using hole transport layer(HTL)combined with polyaniline(PANI)to stabilize HTL/perovskite interface,achieving a humidity durability(RH,50%-90%)for 596 days(14304 h)without encapsulation.Moreover,the decrease in hydrolysis products(LiF)showed the interaction between PANI with the addi-tives in HTL dramatically inhibited the water uptake and corrosion on MAPbI_(3),layer.The PANI modified samples had a higher I/Pb ratio and lower trap state density,which indicated the passivation effect of PANI on the uncoordinated Pb^(2+)and iodine vacancies.Subsequently,PANI successfully stabilized the interface and perovskite by inhibiting the formation of Pb^(0) and Au migration as long period storage.This work presented an interfacial design to develop HOiP in air with high humidity stability.

Biomass valorization via electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage

Renewable electrocatalytic upgrading of biomass feedstocks into valuable chemicals is one of the promising strategies to relieve the pressure of traditional energy-based systems.Through electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage of high selectivity,various functionalized molecules,such as organic acids,amides,esters,and nitriles,have great potential to be accessed from biomass.However,it has merely received finite concerns and interests in the biorefinery.This review first showcases the research progress on the electrocatalytic conversion of lipid/sugar-and lignin-derived molecules(e.g.,glycerol,mesoerythritol,xylose,glucose,1-phenylethanol,and cyclohexanol)into organic acids via specific carbon–carbon bond scission processes,with focus on disclosing reaction mechanisms,recognizing actual active species,and collecting feasible modification strategies.For the guidance of further extensive studies on biomass valorization,organic transformations via a variety of reactions,including decarboxylation,ring-opening,rearrangement,reductive hydrogenation,and carboxylation,are also disclosed for the construction of similar carbon skeletons/scaffolds.The remaining challenges,prospective applications,and future objectives in terms of biomass conversion are also proposed.This review is expected to provide references to develop renewed electrocatalytic carbon–carbon bond cleavage transformation paths/strategies for biomass upgrading.

A Video Captioning Method by Semantic Topic-Guided Generation

In the video captioning methods based on an encoder-decoder,limited visual features are extracted by an encoder,and a natural sentence of the video content is generated using a decoder.However,this kind ofmethod is dependent on a single video input source and few visual labels,and there is a problem with semantic alignment between video contents and generated natural sentences,which are not suitable for accurately comprehending and describing the video contents.To address this issue,this paper proposes a video captioning method by semantic topic-guided generation.First,a 3D convolutional neural network is utilized to extract the spatiotemporal features of videos during the encoding.Then,the semantic topics of video data are extracted using the visual labels retrieved from similar video data.In the decoding,a decoder is constructed by combining a novel Enhance-TopK sampling algorithm with a Generative Pre-trained Transformer-2 deep neural network,which decreases the influence of“deviation”in the semantic mapping process between videos and texts by jointly decoding a baseline and semantic topics of video contents.During this process,the designed Enhance-TopK sampling algorithm can alleviate a long-tail problem by dynamically adjusting the probability distribution of the predicted words.Finally,the experiments are conducted on two publicly used Microsoft Research Video Description andMicrosoft Research-Video to Text datasets.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-art approaches.Specifically,the performance indicators Bilingual Evaluation Understudy,Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit Ordering,Recall Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation-longest common subsequence,and Consensus-based Image Description Evaluation of the proposed method are improved by 1.2%,0.1%,0.3%,and 2.4% on the Microsoft Research Video Description dataset,and 0.1%,1.0%,0.1%,and 2.8% on the Microsoft Research-Video to Text dataset,respectively,compared with the existing video captioning methods.As a result,the proposed method can generate video captioning that is more closely aligned with human natural language expression habits.

Synergistic Effects of Glutamine Deprivation and Metformin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective The metabolic reprogramming of acute myeloid leukemia(AML)cells is a compensatory adaptation to meet energy requirements for rapid proliferation.This study aimed to examine the synergistic effects of glutamine deprivation and metformin exposure on AML cells.Methods SKM-1 cells(an AML cell line)were subjected to glutamine deprivation and/or treatment with metformin or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide(BPTES,a glutaminase inhibitor)or cytarabine.Cell viability was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay,and cell apoptosis and reactive oxygen species(ROS)by flow cytometry.Western blotting was conducted to examine the levels of apoptotic proteins,including cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP).Moreover,the human long noncoding RNA(lncRNA)microarray was used to analyze gene expression after glutamine deprivation,and results were confirmed with quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR).The expression of metallothionein 2A(MT2A)was suppressed using siRNA.Cell growth and apoptosis were further detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry,respectively,in cells with MT2A knockdown.Results Glutamine deprivation or treatment with BPTES inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.The lncRNA microarray result showed that the expression of MT family genes was significantly upregulated after glutamine deprivation.MT2A knockdown increased apoptosis,while proliferation was not affected in SKM-1 cells.In addition,metformin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in SKM-1 cells.Both glutamine deprivation and metformin enhanced the sensitivity of SKM-1 cells to cytarabine.Furthermore,the combination of glutamine deprivation with metformin exhibited synergistic antileukemia effects on SKM-1 cells.Conclusion Targeting glutamine metabolism in combination with metformin is a promising new therapeutic strategy for AML.

Synthesis of granulated Li_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) via two antisolvent methods for lithium adsorption from gas-produced water

Gas-produced water is an accompanying wastewater in the natural gas extraction process,and it is a potential liquid lithium resource that contains a considerable amount of lithium.This study investigated the feasibility of using manganese-based ion sieves to adsorb and extract lithium from gas-produced water.And we focused on the applicability of two different granulation methods,extrusion and droplet,in gas-produced water systems.Two types of H_(1.33)Mn_(1.67)O_(4) particles were prepared by the extrusion method(EHMO)and the droplet method(DHMO).The porosity of DHMO was much higher than that of EHMO,and the adsorption performance of DHMO increased with the decrease of binder concentration.DHMO prepared with a binder concentration of 0.14 g·ml^(-1)exhibited the best adsorption performance in gas-produced water,and the Li^(+)adsorption capacity could reach 25.14 mg·g^(-1).In gas-produced water,the adsorption equilibrium of DHMO only took 9 h,and the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The pore diffusion model(PDM)could well describe its adsorption process.Besides,DHMO showed a great selectivity to Li^(+),and the selectivity order of DHMO in gas-produced water was Li^(+)>Ba^(2+)>>Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Sr^(2+)>>Na^(+)>>K^(+).After 20 cycles,the Li^(+)adsorption capacity was still higher than 17.30 mg·g^(-1),and the rate of manganese dissolution was less than 1%.

Parameter estimation in n-dimensional massless scalar field

Quantum Fisher information(QFI)associated with local metrology has been used to parameter estimation in open quantum systems.In this work,we calculated the QFI for a moving Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled with massless scalar fields in n-dimensional spacetime,and analyzed the behavior of QFI with various parameters,such as the dimension of spacetime,evolution time,and Unruh temperature.We discovered that the QFI of state parameter decreases monotonically from 1 to 0 over time.Additionally,we noted that the QFI for small evolution times is several orders of magnitude higher than the QFI for long evolution times.We also found that the value of QFI decreases at first and then stabilizes as the Unruh temperature increases.It was observed that the QFI depends on initial state parameterθ,and Fθis the maximum forθ=0 orθ=π,Fφis the maximum forθ=π/2.We also obtain that the maximum value of QFI for state parameters varies for different spacetime dimensions with the same evolution time.

Examining the association between delay discounting,delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical,influencing this disease's development,man-agement,and overall outcomes.In China,22.3%of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization.Therefore,it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified.AIM To investigate the relationship among delay discounting,delay aversion,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In 2023,400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province.A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity,delay discounting,and delay aversion.In addition,HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants.The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion.The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity,including walking,moderate physical activity,and vigorous physical activity.Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting,delay aversion,and HbA1c levels,along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week.RESULTS After controlling for the sample characteristics,delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity(β=-2.386,95%CI:-4.370 to-0.401).Meanwhile,delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity(β=-3.527,95%CI:-5.578 to-1.476)in the multiple linear regression model,with statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity.Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity.This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM,which may increase participation in physical activity.This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.