Boron has high mass and volume calorific values,but it is difficult to ignite and has low combustion efficiency.This literature review summarizes the strategies that are used to solve the above-mentioned problems,whic...Boron has high mass and volume calorific values,but it is difficult to ignite and has low combustion efficiency.This literature review summarizes the strategies that are used to solve the above-mentioned problems,which include coatings of boron by using fluoride compounds,energetic composites,metal fuels,and metal oxides.Coating techniques include recrystallization,dual-solvent,phase transfer,electrospinning,etc.As one of the effective coating agents,the fluorine compounds can react with the oxide shell of boron powder.In comparison,the energetic composites can effectively improve the flame temperature of boron powder and enhance the evaporation efficiency of oxide film as a condensed product.Metals and metal oxides would react with boron powder to form metal borides with a lower ignition point,which could reduce its ignition temperature.展开更多
Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density,positive oxygen balance,and halogen-free characteristics.However,its application...Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density,positive oxygen balance,and halogen-free characteristics.However,its application has been severely limited because of its strong hygroscopicity,difficult storage,and incompatibility with isocyanate curing agents.In order to better bloom the advantages of the highly energetic and environment-friendly ADN in the fields of energetic materials,an in-depth analysis of the current situation and discussion of key research points are particularly important.In this paper,a detailed overview on the synthesis,thermal decomposition,hygroscopic mechanism,and antihygroscopicity of ADN has been discussed,its application in powdes and explosives are also presented,and its future research directions are proposed.展开更多
A novel energetic combustion catalyst, 4-amino-3,S-dinitropyrazole copper salt ([Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2]), was synthesized in a yield of 93.6% for the first time. The single crystal of [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] was determi...A novel energetic combustion catalyst, 4-amino-3,S-dinitropyrazole copper salt ([Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2]), was synthesized in a yield of 93.6% for the first time. The single crystal of [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in a triclinic system, space group p^-1 with crystal parameters a = 5.541(3) A, b = 7.926(4) A, c = 10.231(5) A,β = 101.372(8)°, V = 398.3(3) A3, Z = 1, μ = 1.467 mm^-1, F(0 0 0) = 243, and Dc = 2.000 g cm^-3. The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition reaction kinetics of [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] were studied by means of different heating rate differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic equation of major exothermic decomposition reaction for [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] was obtained. The entropy of activation (△S≠), enthalpy of activation (△H≠), free energy of activation (△G≠), the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and the critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) are 59.42 j mol^-1 K^-1, 169.5 kJ mol^-1, 1141.26 kJ mol ^-1 457.3 K and 468.1 K, respectively.展开更多
基金funded by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021ZDLGY11)partially supported by NSAF Project of China(Grant No.U2030202)。
文摘Boron has high mass and volume calorific values,but it is difficult to ignite and has low combustion efficiency.This literature review summarizes the strategies that are used to solve the above-mentioned problems,which include coatings of boron by using fluoride compounds,energetic composites,metal fuels,and metal oxides.Coating techniques include recrystallization,dual-solvent,phase transfer,electrospinning,etc.As one of the effective coating agents,the fluorine compounds can react with the oxide shell of boron powder.In comparison,the energetic composites can effectively improve the flame temperature of boron powder and enhance the evaporation efficiency of oxide film as a condensed product.Metals and metal oxides would react with boron powder to form metal borides with a lower ignition point,which could reduce its ignition temperature.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 21805139, 12102194, 22005144 and 22005145)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U2141202)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20200471)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30920041106, 30921011203)
文摘Ammonium dinitramide(ADN)is considered as a potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in energetic materials due to its high density,positive oxygen balance,and halogen-free characteristics.However,its application has been severely limited because of its strong hygroscopicity,difficult storage,and incompatibility with isocyanate curing agents.In order to better bloom the advantages of the highly energetic and environment-friendly ADN in the fields of energetic materials,an in-depth analysis of the current situation and discussion of key research points are particularly important.In this paper,a detailed overview on the synthesis,thermal decomposition,hygroscopic mechanism,and antihygroscopicity of ADN has been discussed,its application in powdes and explosives are also presented,and its future research directions are proposed.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(No.21173163 and No. 21303133)
文摘A novel energetic combustion catalyst, 4-amino-3,S-dinitropyrazole copper salt ([Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2]), was synthesized in a yield of 93.6% for the first time. The single crystal of [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in a triclinic system, space group p^-1 with crystal parameters a = 5.541(3) A, b = 7.926(4) A, c = 10.231(5) A,β = 101.372(8)°, V = 398.3(3) A3, Z = 1, μ = 1.467 mm^-1, F(0 0 0) = 243, and Dc = 2.000 g cm^-3. The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition reaction kinetics of [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] were studied by means of different heating rate differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kinetic equation of major exothermic decomposition reaction for [Cu(adnp)2(H2O)2] was obtained. The entropy of activation (△S≠), enthalpy of activation (△H≠), free energy of activation (△G≠), the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) and the critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) are 59.42 j mol^-1 K^-1, 169.5 kJ mol^-1, 1141.26 kJ mol ^-1 457.3 K and 468.1 K, respectively.