Antioxidation and active constituents analysis of flower residue of Rosa damascena

Objective:To make full usage of resource and turn waste into treasure,the chemical constituents and bioactivity were firstly investigated on Damask rose(Rosa damascena)flower residue(DRFR).Methods:DPPH and ABTS experiments were applied to assess the antioxidant activity of DRFR.Then,column chromatography was used to purify compounds from an antioxidation extract(DRFR-A),and the chemical structure was identified using NMR.The total phenolic acid content was measured by FolinCiocalteu colorimetric method,and the content of gallic acid of the indicator ingredient was detected by HPLC.Results:DRFR-A was found to show a high activity both on DPPH(IC5o:2.760μg/mL)and ABTS(ICso:2.258μg/mL)compared to positive control Vc,Ten compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin(1),kaempferol(2),gallic acid(3),protocatechuic acid(4),pyrogallic acid(5),2-phenylethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(6),methyl gallate(7),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(8),p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol(9)and astragalin(10)from DRFR-A.Among them,pyrogallic acid,2-phenylethyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate,p-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol are obtained from the plant for the first time.The content of total phenolic acids and gallic acid,main ingredient in DRFR-A was determined as 63.73%and 24.67%,respectively.Conclusion:This study provides a reliable data and lays the foundation for the development and utilization of rose residue,and hence for the full utilization of rose resources.

Toxicity-efficacy converting of ginseng combined with Fuzi Banxia incompatibility in heart failure stage of cor pulmonale

Objective：Fuzi Banxia is one of eighteen antagonisms,previous studies have shown that the incompatibility could play special effects in the specific condition of diseases and appropriate compatible environment.The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity-efficacy of ginseng combined with Fuzi Banxia incompatibility intervening in the heart failure stage of cor pulmonale and to explore its mechanism.Methods：Monocrotaline（MCT）-induced cor pulmonale were used in this study.Ultra high-resolution small animal ultrasound real-time imaging system and the right heart catheterization were used to estimate cardiac function.Semi automatic biochemical analyzer was used to test myocardial enzyme LDH,CK,and CK-MB in serum.The heart tissues were stained with HE,and TUNEL assay was used to assess the pathomorphological changes and myocardial apoptosis.The expression of hypertrophy and apoptosis associated genes：ANP,BNP,β-MHC,Bax,and Bcl-2 in the right ventricle were determined by RT-PCR.Results：Fuzi Banxia combined with ginseng obviously attenuated mortality,decreased RVHI,and increased cardiac index;RVSP and m PAP were significantly reduced,and EF and FS were raised obviously;Myocardial enzymes LDH,CK,and CK-MB were pronounced attenuated;heart diameter reduced,right ventricular dilatation was significantly decreased,inflammatory cell infiltration notably reduced,and cardiac apoptosis rate was decreased obviously.Meanwhile,the expression of hypertrophy-related ANP,BNP,andβ-MHC m RNA were up-regulated,the expression of apoptosis-related Bax m RNA was down-regulated,and the expression of anti-apoptosis-related Bcl-2 m RNA and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were upregulated.Conclusion：Ginseng compatible environment could attenuate cardiac toxicity of Fuzi Banxia incompatibility intervening in the heart failure stage of cor pulmonale,and improve cardiac function,which may be related to the expression of hypertrophy and apoptosis associated genes,and thus delay the occurrence and development of heart failure.