Advances in Transgenic Breeding of Anthurium andraeanum

At present, transgenic technologies have become important means of plant breeding, and the application and promotion of transgenic technologies have created huge economic and social benefits. Transgenic plant products have significantly affected human life. Anthurium andraeanum is the second major tropical potted flower and its transgenic breeding has a promising prospect of application. In this paper, acceptors, transformation methods and introduced exogenous genes （ including reporter genes, selectable marker genes and target genes） of Anthurium andraeanum were summarized; in addition, several issues related to transforma- tion of Anthurium andraeanum were analyzed, aiming at providing reference for transgenic breeding of Anthurium andraeanum.

Cultivation of Hippeastrum vittatum Embryogenic Calli and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotics

In this study, an embryogenic callus induction and proliferation system for Hippeastrum vittatum was established, with the tender bulbs as explants. And then the sensitivity of the explants and calli to kanamycin and hygromycin was evaluated. The results suggested that the embryogenic calli were induced from tender bulbs and cultured in Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L N-phenyl-N＇-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea （TDZ）, 1.0 mg/L 2,4-diehloro- phenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, and 30 g/L sucrose （ pH5. 8） in the dark at 25 ±1℃. Further study of the influence of kanamyein and hygromycin on callus induction and multiplication showed that, the lethal doses of kanamycin and hygromycin to bulb explants were 100 and 30 mg/L, respectively. All explants of H. vittatum died on the medium supplemented with 100 mg/L kanamycin or 30 mg/L hygromycin at the induction stage, and callus proliferation was completely inhibited by 100 mg/L kanamycin or 25 mg,/L hygromyein, and all the calli died at last. These results will provide important reference for further studies of trausgenic H. vittaturn.

A Study on the Sensibility of Embryogenic Suspension Cells of Anthurium andraeanum to Two Antibiotics

In this study,embryogenic cell aggregates obtained from the established embryogenic cell suspension culture system of Anthurium andraeanum‘Alabama’were used as experimental materials to investigate the effects of kanamycin and hygromycin on survival rate of cell aggregates,somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of A.andraeanum.According to the results,at the embryonic cell propagation stage,lethal doses of kanamycin and hygromycin to embryogenic cell aggregates of A.andraeanum were 200 and 60 mg/L,respectively;at the differentiation stage,either 150 mg/L kanamycin or 40 mg/L hygromycin could inhibit somatic embryogenesis;either 100 mg/L kanamycin or 20 mg/L hygromycin could inhibit plantlet regeneration.These results provided important reference for further studies of transgenic A.andraeanum.

黑鹅绒海芋体细胞胚发生和植株再生

该研究建立了黑鹅绒海芋(Alocasia reginula)体细胞胚胎发生途径的植株再生体系。通过叶柄诱导获得胚性愈伤组织,以此建立胚性细胞悬浮培养系,并实现了高频率的植株再生。叶柄外植体在添加2.0 mg·L^(-1)2,4-D和1.0 mg·L^(-1)TDZ的MS培养基上诱导胚性愈伤组织的效率最高(达81.3%)。将胚性愈伤组织破碎成细胞团,转移至添加2.0 mg·L^(-1)2,4-D和1.0 mg·L^(-1)TDZ的MS液体培养基中进行悬浮培养,2周继代1次,悬浮培养12周后获得大量细胞团。将悬浮培养28周的细胞团转移至不含植物生长调节剂的1/2MS固体培养基上进行分化培养,平均每个细胞团可再生2.3–2.5棵植株。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察体细胞胚的萌发和形成。再生苗移栽至温室4个月后,成活率为95.3%。通过流式细胞术对随机选取的50株成活植株进行检测,未发现染色体倍性变异,核DNA含量为10.94 pg·(2C)^(-1),基因组大小为5 290.12 Mb·C^(-1)。植株移栽到温室直至自然开花,表型无明显变异。研究结果可为黑鹅绒海芋种苗商业化生产和生物技术育种提供良好的技术支持。

Characteristics of ion debris from laser-produced tin plasma and mitigation of energetic ions by ambient gas

Extreme ultraviolet lithography is most promising for the next generation lithography. However, debris from laser-produced plasma, particularly energetic ions, severely decreases the lifetime of extreme ultraviolet optics. We measured the characteris- tics of ions from tin plasma by the time of flight method with a frequency-doubled Nd： YAG laser at the intensity of 3.5x1010 W/cm2 （532 nm, 8 ns）. Our measurement shows that the maximum and peak of tin ions energies from plasma under the above experimental parameters are about 4.2 and 1.8 keV, respectively. Moreover, it is found that kinetic energy angular distribution of tin ions can be fitted by cos0.8（θ）, where θ is the angle with respect to the target normal. We also investigated the mitigation effect of argon, helium gases to the tin ions, and found that tin ions from the plasma can be mitigated effectively at the pressure -38 mTorr for argon or -375 mTorr for helium, respectively.

Calibration method of quartz accelerometer on dynamic centrifuge

This paper proposes a novel method for calibrating error coefficients of the quartz accelerometer faster on the dynamic centrifuge,which can generate a continuous dynamic acceleration excitation.Firstly,working principle and structure of the dynamic centrifuge are analyzed,the error sources and the uncertainty of the dynamic centrifuge are expounded,and relevant coordinate systems are established.Then,according to the characteristics of the input specific forces and the propagating methods of the error sources,the accurate input specific forces acted on the input reference axes of accelerometer are obtained.Based on the calibration error model of the accelerometer,the corresponding dynamic calibration method is proposed.Finally,the second-order and high-order coefficients of the acceleration error model are calibrated,and the calibration precision of the coefficients is analyzed.Compared with traditional calibration methods,the method proposed in this paper not only greatly enhances the calibration efficiency by reducing the installing positions of the accelerometer,but also separates the centrifuge errors from the outputs of the accelerometer,which improves the accuracy and efficiency of the calibration method simultaneously.