The role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in the formation of long-term memory in Bactrocera dorsalis

The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A(PKA)signaling pathway has long been considered critical for long-term memory(LTM)formation.Previous studies have mostly focused on the role of PKA signaling in LTM induction by multiple spaced conditioning with less attention to LTM induction by a single conditioning.Here,we conducted behavioral-pharmacology,enzyme immunoassay and RNA interference experiments to study the role of the PKA signaling pathway in LTM formation in the agricultural pest Bactrocera dorsalis,which has a strong memory capacity allowing it to form a two-day memory even from a single conditioning trial.We found that either blocking or activating PKA prior to conditioning pretreatment affected multiple spaced LTM,and conversely,they did not affect LTM formed by single conditioning.This was further confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and silencing of the protein kinase regulatory subunit 2 and catalytic subunit 1.Taken together,these results suggest that activating PKA during memory acquisition helps to induce the LTM formed by multiple spaced conditioning but not by a single conditioning.Our findings challenge the conserved role of PKA signaling in LTM,which provides a basis for the greater diversity of molecular mechanisms underlying LTM formation across species,as well as possible functional and evolutionary implications.

Synthesis of polymeric ionic liquids material and application in CO2 adsorption

We synthesized one quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquids（PILs）P[VBTHEA]Cl and three imidazolium PILs of P[VEIm]Br, P[VEIm]BF, P[VEIm]PFby free-radical polymerization in solution. These PILs were characterized by FT-IR,H-NMR,C-NMR, TGA, XRD and SEM. Their COadsorption capacities were measured under different pressures and temperatures by constant-volume technique. It was observed that quaternary ammonium PILs of P[VBTHEA]Cl have higher adsorption capacity for COthan those imidazolium PILs, following P[VBTHEA]Cl > P[VEIm]PF> P[VEIm]BF> P[VEIm]Br, which may be ascribed to higher positive charge density on ammonium cation than that on imidazolium cation and thus stronger interaction with CO, consistent with the results from dual-mode adsorption model that ammonium PILs have much higher CObulk absorption than imidazolium PILs. COadsorption capacity of P[VBTHEA]Cl is 9.02 mg/g under 295 K and 1 bar, which is comparable to that of some other PILs, and is much higher than that of the corresponding ILs monomer. These PILs have good adsorption selectivity for COover Nand regeneration efficiency.

Dye-sensitized TiO2@SBA-15 composites: Preparation and their application in photocatalytic desulfurization

Photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization has become a research hotspot in recent years because of mild reaction conditions, less energy consumption and high selectivity. In this paper, TiO2 was loaded onto SBA-15 molecular sieves and sensitized with organic dyes(2, 9-dichloroquinacridone, DCQ) to extend its spectral response range from ultraviolet light to visible light. The catalyst DCQ-X%TiO2@SBA-15 was characterized by BET measurements, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectra, and then it was applied for photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization of gasoline. The effects of different catalytic systems, TiO2 concentration, catalyst dosage, and different model sulfur compounds on catalytic desulfurization performance were investigated. Experimental results show that DCQ-TiO2@SBA-15 has a better performance than the unsensitized TiO2@SBA-15, and the desulfurization rate can reach up to 96.1% in a reaction time of 90 min.