The vertical observation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is an important means to clarify the mechanisms of ozone formation.To explore the vertical evolution of VOCs in summer,a field campaign using a tethered ball...The vertical observation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is an important means to clarify the mechanisms of ozone formation.To explore the vertical evolution of VOCs in summer,a field campaign using a tethered balloon during summer photochemical pollution was conducted in Shijiazhuang from 8 June to 3 July 2019.A total of 192 samples were collected,23 vertical profiles were obtained,and the concentrations of 87 VOCs were measured.The range of the total VOC concentration was 41-48 ppbv below 600 m.It then slightly increased above 600 m,and rose to 58±52 ppbv at 1000 m.The proportion of alkanes increased with height,while the proportions of alkenes,halohydrocarbons and acetylene decreased.The proportion of aromatics remained almost unchanged.A comparison with the results of a winter field campaign during 8-16 January 2019 showed that the concentrations of all VOCs in winter except for halohydrocarbons were more than twice those in summer.Alkanes accounted for the same proportion in winter and summer.Alkenes,aromatics,and acetylene accounted for higher proportions in winter,while halohydrocarbons accounted for a higher proportion in summer.There were five VOC sources in the vertical direction.The proportions of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources and coal burning were higher in winter.The proportions of biogenic sources+long-range transport,solvent usage,and diesel vehicular emissions were higher in summer.From the surface to 1000 m,the proportion of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources gradually increased.展开更多
β-endorphin is the most actively endogenous substance of cerebral endorphin. When combined with opiate receptor specially, it manifests a strong morphine-like activity and can decrease sensitivity of central nervous ...β-endorphin is the most actively endogenous substance of cerebral endorphin. When combined with opiate receptor specially, it manifests a strong morphine-like activity and can decrease sensitivity of central nervous system to carbon dioxide so as to inhibit breath. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of content of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia after naloxone treatment in a large dosage. DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation. SETTINGS: Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People's Hospital; Center of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Zhujiang Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 97 neonates with severe asphyxia including 57 boys and 40 girls were selected from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People's Hospital from January 2004 to November 2005. Their gestational age was (38±3) weeks, body mass was (3.2±1.7) kg, and hospitalization duration was (2.8±2.3) hours. All neonates met the diagnostic criteria of with severe asphyxia and all their parents provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: All neonates were treated with inspired oxygen, sedation, stopping terror, decreasing cranial pressure, maintaining a well blood perfusion and normal level of blood glucose (about 5.0 retool/L). After hospitalization, 0.1 mg/(kg·d) naloxone hydrochloride (Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.; certification: HI0900021; bullet preparation; 0.4 mg/ampoule) was intravenously dribbled into neonates for 4 - 6 hours, 14 days in total. 2 mL blood was collected from radial artery in neonates at the beginning of hospitalization and at 3 days after naloxone treatment, put in aprotinin-pre-cool tube, mixed evenly, and centrifuged at hypothermia. Plasma was maintained in refrigerator at - 70 ℃. The kit was provided by Neurobiology Department of Shanghai Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin was measured by using radio-immunity assay.All data were expressed as Mean ± SD and results were compared with paired t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Concentration of plasma β-endorphin. RESULTS: All 97 neonates were involved in the final analysis. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia was lower after treatment as compared with that before treatment, and there was significant difference (t = 10.31, P 〈 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: Naloxone can decrease level of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia.展开更多
Hydroxyapatite(HAP)is a common bio-adsorbent,which performance depends heavily upon its morphology and microporous structure.In this study,a novel synthesis strategy was proposed for hierarchical porous HAP microspher...Hydroxyapatite(HAP)is a common bio-adsorbent,which performance depends heavily upon its morphology and microporous structure.In this study,a novel synthesis strategy was proposed for hierarchical porous HAP microspheres by a simple"one-pot"hydrothermal reaction.In the strategy,L-glutamic acid serves as soft template to modulate the morphology and inner crystalline of HAP.To evaluate the application potential,doping Ni^(2+) on hierarchical porous HAP microspheres gives metal chelated affinity adsorbents.The prepared adsorbents show a perfect spherical shape,particles size of 96.6μm,relatively specific surface area of 48.5 m^(2)·g^(-1) and hierarchical pores(mesopores:4 nm and macropores:53 nm).By the adsorption evaluation,it reveals that the Ni^(2+)-HAP adsorbents have high adsorption capacities of275.11 and 97.55 m^(2)·g^(-1) for hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin,respectively,which is comparable to other similar adsorbent.Therefore,this work provides a promising method for high-efficiency hydroxyapatite microspheres for proteins purification.展开更多
Tropospheric ozone(O3)is a trace gas of great significance for air quality and climate change.In recent years,due to the extensive implementation of emission reduction policies,the concentration of fine particulate ma...Tropospheric ozone(O3)is a trace gas of great significance for air quality and climate change.In recent years,due to the extensive implementation of emission reduction policies,the concentration of fine particulate matter in many countries has decreased significantly^([1]).In contrast,the global ground-level O3 concentration has increased by approximately 0.25 ppbv/a^([2]).Research shows that developed countries are experiencing a rebound in O3 levels while developing countries are facing more severe O3 pollution problems^([3,4]).Therefore,the prevention and control of O3 pollution is the top priority at this stage and will play a vital role in the longterm improvement of air quality.展开更多
Background:Ovarian cancer is one of the most widespread malignant diseases of the female reproductive system worldwide.The plurality of ovarian cancer is diagnosed with metastasis in the abdominal cavity.Epithelial-me...Background:Ovarian cancer is one of the most widespread malignant diseases of the female reproductive system worldwide.The plurality of ovarian cancer is diagnosed with metastasis in the abdominal cavity.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)exerts a vital role in tumor cell metastasis.However,it remains unclear whether long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)are implicated in EMT and influence ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis.This study was designed to investigate the impacts of lncRNA AC005224.4 on ovarian cancer.Methods:LncRNA AC005224.4,miR-140-3p,and snail family transcriptional repressor 2(SNAI2)expression levels in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)and Transwell(migration and invasion)assays were conducted to measure SKOV3 and CAOV-3 cell proliferation and metastasis.E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Snail,and Vimentin contents were detected using Western blot.Nude mouse xenograft assay was utilized to validate AC005224.4 effects in vivo.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the targeted relationship between miR-140-3p and AC005224.4 or SNAI2.Results:AC005224.4 and SNAI2 upregulation and miR-140-3p downregulation were observed in ovarian cancer tissues and cells.Silencing of AC005224.4 observably moderated SKOV3 and CAOV-3 cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and EMT process in vitro and impaired the tumorigenesis in vivo.miR-140-3p was a target of AC005224.4 and its reduced expression level was mediated by AC005224.4.miR-140-3p mimics decreased the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.SNAI2 was identified as a novel target of miR-140-3p and its expression level was promoted by either AC005224.4 overexpression or miR-140-3p knockdown.Overexpression of SNAI2 also facilitated ovarian cancer cell viability and metastasis.Conclusion:AC005224.4 was confirmed as an oncogene via sponging miR-140-3p and promoted SNAI2 expression,contributing to better understanding of ovarian cancer pathogenesis and shedding light on exploiting the novel lncRNA-directed therapy against ovarian cancer.展开更多
The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-mont...The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-month observation(from June 15 to July 14, 2016) of the boundary layer meteorological factors as well as O3 and its precursors in Luancheng County,Shijiazhuang(37°53′N, 114°38′E). Our research showed that photochemical pollution in Shijiazhuang is serious, and the mean hourly maximum and mean 8-hr maximum O3 concentrations are 97.9 ± 26.1 and 84.4 ± 22.4 ppbV, respectively. Meteorological factors play a significant role in the formation of O3. High temperatures and southeasterly winds lead to elevated O3 values, and at moderate relative humidity(40%–50%) and medium boundary layer heights(1200–1500 m), O3 production sensitivity occurred in the transitional region between volatile organic compounds(VOC) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) limitations,and the O3 concentration was the highest. The vertical profiles of O3 were also measured by a tethered balloon. The results showed that a large amount of O3 was stored in the residual layer, and the concentration was positively correlated with the O3 concentration measured the previous day. During the daytime of the following day, the contribution of O3 stored in the residual layer to the boundary layer reached 27%± 7% on average.展开更多
Following the implementation of the strictest clean air policies to date in Beijing,the physicochemical characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5) have changed over the past few years.To improve pollution reduction polic...Following the implementation of the strictest clean air policies to date in Beijing,the physicochemical characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5) have changed over the past few years.To improve pollution reduction policies and subsequent air quality further,it is necessary to explore the changes in PM_(2.5) over time.In this study,over one year(2017-2018)field study based on filter sampling(TH-150C;Wuhan Tianhong,China)was conducted in Fengtai District,Beijing,revealed that the annual average PM_(2.5) concentration(64.8±43.1μg/m^3)was significantly lower than in previous years and the highest PM_(2.5) concentration occurred in spring(84.4±59.9μg/m^3).Secondary nitrate was the largest source and accounted for 25.7%of the measured PM_(2.5).Vehicular emission,the second largest source(17.6%),deserves more attention when considering the increase in the number of motor vehicles and its contribution to gaseous pollutants.In addition,the contribution from coal combustion to PM_(2.5) decreased significantly.During weekends,the contribution from EC and NO3−increased whereas the contributions from SO4^2−,OM,and trace elements decreased,compared with weekdays.During the period of residential heating,PM_(2.5) mass decreased by 23.1%,compared with non-heating period,while the contributions from coal combustion and vehicular emission,and related species increased.With the aggravation of pollution,the contribution of vehicular emission and secondary sulfate increased and then decreased,while the contribution of NO3−and secondary nitrate continued to increase,and accounted for 34.0%and 57.5%of the PM_(2.5) during the heavily polluted days,respectively.展开更多
High values of ozone(O_(3))occur frequently in the dry spring season;thus,understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in spring is of great significance for preventing O_(3)pollution...High values of ozone(O_(3))occur frequently in the dry spring season;thus,understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in spring is of great significance for preventing O_(3)pollution.In this study,a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21,2019,were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector(GCMS/FID).The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs(TVOCs)was 30.4±17.0 ppbv,and it was dominated by alkanes(44.3%),followed by oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)(17.4%),halocarbons(12.7%),aromatics(9.5%),alkenes(8.2%),acetylene(5.3%)and carbon disulfide(2.5%).The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation(high at night,low during daytime).We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization(PMF),and coal+biomass burning(25.2%),diesel exhaust(16.0%),gasoline exhaust+evaporation(17.4%),secondary+long-lived species(16.7%),biogenic sources(4.3%),industrial emissions(9.3%)and solvent use(11.2%)were identified as major sources of VOCs.In addition to local emissions,most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses(65.7%),and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv.Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function(PSCF)indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion,transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs.Additionally,transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing.展开更多
One concept for immune therapy of cancer involves induction of antigen mimic antibodies to trigger the immune response against tumor cells. Anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against the antigen-binding site of antibo...One concept for immune therapy of cancer involves induction of antigen mimic antibodies to trigger the immune response against tumor cells. Anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against the antigen-binding site of antibodies specific for tumor antigen may functionally and even structurally mimic antigen and induce anti-anti-idiotypic immune response. Monoclonal antibody W J02 is one of such anti-idiotypic antibodies, which contains internal image of CA125. In order to improve the immunospecificity of mAb WJ02, we constructed a single chain of mAb WJ02 in Vl-linker-Vh orientation. The scFv-WJ02, could be expressed and secreted in the recombinant Pichia pastoris system. The secreted scFv protein with a molecular weight of 30 kD retained the biological activity of mAb WJ02, which was proved by a direct binding assay and inhibition experiment. Our results indicated that the scFv-WJ02 could be used as a possible tool for idiotypic therapy against ovarian cancer, which might enhance the possibility of eliminating nonspecific responses induced by mAb WJ02.展开更多
High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan.However,the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)has rarely ...High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan.However,the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)has rarely been studied.In this study,we examined the evolution of NMHCs in Beijing based on ambient measurements from 2000 to 2019.The results indicated that the annual variation of ambient NMHCs during 2000 and 2019 could be divided into two stages.The mixing ratios of NMHCs rapidly rose during 2000 and 2009(1.76 ppbv/year)but exhibited a downward trend from 2009 to 2019 at rate of 0.80 ppbv/yr.Moreover,the notable decrease in alkenes and aromatics after 2009 led to a sharp decrease in the propylene-equivalent concentration(PEC)(-0.80 ppbv/year).Implementation of emission reduction measures in Beijing have effectively reduced the contribution of vehicle-related sources,but the contribution of solvent usage and fuel consumption increased,which will become the focus of VOC control in Beijing in the future.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFC0210000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41705113 and 41877312)+1 种基金the Young Talent Project of the Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CERAE201802)a Beijing Major Science and Technology Project(Grant No.Z181100005418014).
文摘The vertical observation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is an important means to clarify the mechanisms of ozone formation.To explore the vertical evolution of VOCs in summer,a field campaign using a tethered balloon during summer photochemical pollution was conducted in Shijiazhuang from 8 June to 3 July 2019.A total of 192 samples were collected,23 vertical profiles were obtained,and the concentrations of 87 VOCs were measured.The range of the total VOC concentration was 41-48 ppbv below 600 m.It then slightly increased above 600 m,and rose to 58±52 ppbv at 1000 m.The proportion of alkanes increased with height,while the proportions of alkenes,halohydrocarbons and acetylene decreased.The proportion of aromatics remained almost unchanged.A comparison with the results of a winter field campaign during 8-16 January 2019 showed that the concentrations of all VOCs in winter except for halohydrocarbons were more than twice those in summer.Alkanes accounted for the same proportion in winter and summer.Alkenes,aromatics,and acetylene accounted for higher proportions in winter,while halohydrocarbons accounted for a higher proportion in summer.There were five VOC sources in the vertical direction.The proportions of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources and coal burning were higher in winter.The proportions of biogenic sources+long-range transport,solvent usage,and diesel vehicular emissions were higher in summer.From the surface to 1000 m,the proportion of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources gradually increased.
文摘β-endorphin is the most actively endogenous substance of cerebral endorphin. When combined with opiate receptor specially, it manifests a strong morphine-like activity and can decrease sensitivity of central nervous system to carbon dioxide so as to inhibit breath. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of content of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia after naloxone treatment in a large dosage. DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation. SETTINGS: Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People's Hospital; Center of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Zhujiang Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 97 neonates with severe asphyxia including 57 boys and 40 girls were selected from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Shajing People's Hospital from January 2004 to November 2005. Their gestational age was (38±3) weeks, body mass was (3.2±1.7) kg, and hospitalization duration was (2.8±2.3) hours. All neonates met the diagnostic criteria of with severe asphyxia and all their parents provided the confirmed consent. METHODS: All neonates were treated with inspired oxygen, sedation, stopping terror, decreasing cranial pressure, maintaining a well blood perfusion and normal level of blood glucose (about 5.0 retool/L). After hospitalization, 0.1 mg/(kg·d) naloxone hydrochloride (Beijing Sihuan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.; certification: HI0900021; bullet preparation; 0.4 mg/ampoule) was intravenously dribbled into neonates for 4 - 6 hours, 14 days in total. 2 mL blood was collected from radial artery in neonates at the beginning of hospitalization and at 3 days after naloxone treatment, put in aprotinin-pre-cool tube, mixed evenly, and centrifuged at hypothermia. Plasma was maintained in refrigerator at - 70 ℃. The kit was provided by Neurobiology Department of Shanghai Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin was measured by using radio-immunity assay.All data were expressed as Mean ± SD and results were compared with paired t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Concentration of plasma β-endorphin. RESULTS: All 97 neonates were involved in the final analysis. Concentration of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia was lower after treatment as compared with that before treatment, and there was significant difference (t = 10.31, P 〈 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: Naloxone can decrease level of plasma β-endorphin in neonates with severe asphyxia.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676170)。
文摘Hydroxyapatite(HAP)is a common bio-adsorbent,which performance depends heavily upon its morphology and microporous structure.In this study,a novel synthesis strategy was proposed for hierarchical porous HAP microspheres by a simple"one-pot"hydrothermal reaction.In the strategy,L-glutamic acid serves as soft template to modulate the morphology and inner crystalline of HAP.To evaluate the application potential,doping Ni^(2+) on hierarchical porous HAP microspheres gives metal chelated affinity adsorbents.The prepared adsorbents show a perfect spherical shape,particles size of 96.6μm,relatively specific surface area of 48.5 m^(2)·g^(-1) and hierarchical pores(mesopores:4 nm and macropores:53 nm).By the adsorption evaluation,it reveals that the Ni^(2+)-HAP adsorbents have high adsorption capacities of275.11 and 97.55 m^(2)·g^(-1) for hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin,respectively,which is comparable to other similar adsorbent.Therefore,this work provides a promising method for high-efficiency hydroxyapatite microspheres for proteins purification.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177081)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(8222075)the Youth Cross Team Scientific Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(JCTD-2021-10)。
文摘Tropospheric ozone(O3)is a trace gas of great significance for air quality and climate change.In recent years,due to the extensive implementation of emission reduction policies,the concentration of fine particulate matter in many countries has decreased significantly^([1]).In contrast,the global ground-level O3 concentration has increased by approximately 0.25 ppbv/a^([2]).Research shows that developed countries are experiencing a rebound in O3 levels while developing countries are facing more severe O3 pollution problems^([3,4]).Therefore,the prevention and control of O3 pollution is the top priority at this stage and will play a vital role in the longterm improvement of air quality.
基金Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Supporting Xinjiang Project(2017E0263)Tianjin Science and Technology Support Program Project(18YFZCSY00100)+3 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University in China(NCET-11-1066)Training Plan of leading subject talents in Tianjin colleges and universitiesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972572)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2016-I2M-1-001)
文摘Background:Ovarian cancer is one of the most widespread malignant diseases of the female reproductive system worldwide.The plurality of ovarian cancer is diagnosed with metastasis in the abdominal cavity.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)exerts a vital role in tumor cell metastasis.However,it remains unclear whether long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)are implicated in EMT and influence ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis.This study was designed to investigate the impacts of lncRNA AC005224.4 on ovarian cancer.Methods:LncRNA AC005224.4,miR-140-3p,and snail family transcriptional repressor 2(SNAI2)expression levels in ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)and Transwell(migration and invasion)assays were conducted to measure SKOV3 and CAOV-3 cell proliferation and metastasis.E-cadherin,N-cadherin,Snail,and Vimentin contents were detected using Western blot.Nude mouse xenograft assay was utilized to validate AC005224.4 effects in vivo.Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the targeted relationship between miR-140-3p and AC005224.4 or SNAI2.Results:AC005224.4 and SNAI2 upregulation and miR-140-3p downregulation were observed in ovarian cancer tissues and cells.Silencing of AC005224.4 observably moderated SKOV3 and CAOV-3 cell proliferation,migration,invasion,and EMT process in vitro and impaired the tumorigenesis in vivo.miR-140-3p was a target of AC005224.4 and its reduced expression level was mediated by AC005224.4.miR-140-3p mimics decreased the proliferation,migration,and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.SNAI2 was identified as a novel target of miR-140-3p and its expression level was promoted by either AC005224.4 overexpression or miR-140-3p knockdown.Overexpression of SNAI2 also facilitated ovarian cancer cell viability and metastasis.Conclusion:AC005224.4 was confirmed as an oncogene via sponging miR-140-3p and promoted SNAI2 expression,contributing to better understanding of ovarian cancer pathogenesis and shedding light on exploiting the novel lncRNA-directed therapy against ovarian cancer.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0210000 and 2016YFC0203100)State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry,Chinese Meteorological Administration(LAC/CMA)(No.2017A01)+4 种基金the Young Talent Project of the Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.CERAE201802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41705113,41877312 and 41675124)the National research program for key issues in air pollution control(No.DQGG0101)Beijing Major Science and Technology Project(No.Z181100005418014)Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX18_0327)
文摘The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-month observation(from June 15 to July 14, 2016) of the boundary layer meteorological factors as well as O3 and its precursors in Luancheng County,Shijiazhuang(37°53′N, 114°38′E). Our research showed that photochemical pollution in Shijiazhuang is serious, and the mean hourly maximum and mean 8-hr maximum O3 concentrations are 97.9 ± 26.1 and 84.4 ± 22.4 ppbV, respectively. Meteorological factors play a significant role in the formation of O3. High temperatures and southeasterly winds lead to elevated O3 values, and at moderate relative humidity(40%–50%) and medium boundary layer heights(1200–1500 m), O3 production sensitivity occurred in the transitional region between volatile organic compounds(VOC) and nitrogen oxides(NOx) limitations,and the O3 concentration was the highest. The vertical profiles of O3 were also measured by a tethered balloon. The results showed that a large amount of O3 was stored in the residual layer, and the concentration was positively correlated with the O3 concentration measured the previous day. During the daytime of the following day, the contribution of O3 stored in the residual layer to the boundary layer reached 27%± 7% on average.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41805095,41705113,41877312)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2018SZ0288 and 2019YFS0476)+1 种基金the National Research Program for Key Is-sues in Air Pollution Control(DQGG0101)the Beijing Ma-jor Science and Technology Project(Z181100005418014)。
文摘Following the implementation of the strictest clean air policies to date in Beijing,the physicochemical characteristics and sources of PM_(2.5) have changed over the past few years.To improve pollution reduction policies and subsequent air quality further,it is necessary to explore the changes in PM_(2.5) over time.In this study,over one year(2017-2018)field study based on filter sampling(TH-150C;Wuhan Tianhong,China)was conducted in Fengtai District,Beijing,revealed that the annual average PM_(2.5) concentration(64.8±43.1μg/m^3)was significantly lower than in previous years and the highest PM_(2.5) concentration occurred in spring(84.4±59.9μg/m^3).Secondary nitrate was the largest source and accounted for 25.7%of the measured PM_(2.5).Vehicular emission,the second largest source(17.6%),deserves more attention when considering the increase in the number of motor vehicles and its contribution to gaseous pollutants.In addition,the contribution from coal combustion to PM_(2.5) decreased significantly.During weekends,the contribution from EC and NO3−increased whereas the contributions from SO4^2−,OM,and trace elements decreased,compared with weekdays.During the period of residential heating,PM_(2.5) mass decreased by 23.1%,compared with non-heating period,while the contributions from coal combustion and vehicular emission,and related species increased.With the aggravation of pollution,the contribution of vehicular emission and secondary sulfate increased and then decreased,while the contribution of NO3−and secondary nitrate continued to increase,and accounted for 34.0%and 57.5%of the PM_(2.5) during the heavily polluted days,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0210000)the Young Talent Project of the Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment,CAS(No.CERAE201802)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41705113 and 41877312)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control(No.DQGG0101)the Beijing Major Science and Technology Project(No.Z181100005418014)。
文摘High values of ozone(O_(3))occur frequently in the dry spring season;thus,understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in spring is of great significance for preventing O_(3)pollution.In this study,a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21,2019,were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector(GCMS/FID).The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs(TVOCs)was 30.4±17.0 ppbv,and it was dominated by alkanes(44.3%),followed by oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)(17.4%),halocarbons(12.7%),aromatics(9.5%),alkenes(8.2%),acetylene(5.3%)and carbon disulfide(2.5%).The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation(high at night,low during daytime).We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization(PMF),and coal+biomass burning(25.2%),diesel exhaust(16.0%),gasoline exhaust+evaporation(17.4%),secondary+long-lived species(16.7%),biogenic sources(4.3%),industrial emissions(9.3%)and solvent use(11.2%)were identified as major sources of VOCs.In addition to local emissions,most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses(65.7%),and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv.Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function(PSCF)indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion,transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs.Additionally,transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing.
文摘One concept for immune therapy of cancer involves induction of antigen mimic antibodies to trigger the immune response against tumor cells. Anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against the antigen-binding site of antibodies specific for tumor antigen may functionally and even structurally mimic antigen and induce anti-anti-idiotypic immune response. Monoclonal antibody W J02 is one of such anti-idiotypic antibodies, which contains internal image of CA125. In order to improve the immunospecificity of mAb WJ02, we constructed a single chain of mAb WJ02 in Vl-linker-Vh orientation. The scFv-WJ02, could be expressed and secreted in the recombinant Pichia pastoris system. The secreted scFv protein with a molecular weight of 30 kD retained the biological activity of mAb WJ02, which was proved by a direct binding assay and inhibition experiment. Our results indicated that the scFv-WJ02 could be used as a possible tool for idiotypic therapy against ovarian cancer, which might enhance the possibility of eliminating nonspecific responses induced by mAb WJ02.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0210000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41877312,41705113)+1 种基金the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control(No.DGQQ202004)the Beijing Major Science and Technology Project(No.Z181100005418014)。
文摘High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan.However,the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs)has rarely been studied.In this study,we examined the evolution of NMHCs in Beijing based on ambient measurements from 2000 to 2019.The results indicated that the annual variation of ambient NMHCs during 2000 and 2019 could be divided into two stages.The mixing ratios of NMHCs rapidly rose during 2000 and 2009(1.76 ppbv/year)but exhibited a downward trend from 2009 to 2019 at rate of 0.80 ppbv/yr.Moreover,the notable decrease in alkenes and aromatics after 2009 led to a sharp decrease in the propylene-equivalent concentration(PEC)(-0.80 ppbv/year).Implementation of emission reduction measures in Beijing have effectively reduced the contribution of vehicle-related sources,but the contribution of solvent usage and fuel consumption increased,which will become the focus of VOC control in Beijing in the future.