Inactivation of FOXO1 induces T follicular cell polarization and involves angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma

Objective:Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma(AITL)is an aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma derived from mature T cells.However,the underlying pathogenesis of AITL remains unresolved.We aimed to explore the role of FOXO1-mediated signaling in the tumorigenesis and progression of AITL.Methods:FOXO1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry on a total of 46 AITL tissue samples.Retroviruses encoding FOXO1 shRNA were used to knockdown FOXO1 expression in CD4^+T cells.Flow cytometric assays analyzed the proliferation and survival of FOXO1 knockdown CD4^+T cells.Furthermore,we performed adoptive T-cell transfer experiments to identify whether inactivation of FOXO1 induced neoplastic follicular-helper T(Tfh)cell polarization and function.Results:Patients with low FOXO1 protein levels were prone to have an advanced tumor stage(P=0.049),higher ECOG ps(P=0.024),the presence of bone marrow invasion(P=0.000),and higher IPI(P=0.035).Additionally,the survival rates of patients in the FOXO1 high-expression group were significantly better than those in the FOXO1 low-expression group(χ^2=5.346,P=0.021).We also observed that inactivation of FOXO1 increased CD4^+T cell proliferation and altered the survival and cell-cycle progression of CD4^+T cells.Finally,we confirmed that inactivation of FOXO1 induces Tfh cell programing and function.Conclusions:Inactivation of FOXO1 in AITL plays a key role in the tumorigenesis and progression of AITL.We propose that FOXO1 expression could be a useful prognostic marker in AITL patients to predict poor survival,and to design appropriate therapeutic strategies.

Erratum to Inactivation of FOXO1 induces T follicular cell polarization and involves angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma

In the published article1,an error appeared in Acknowledgments on page 753.We omitted Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province from Acknowledgments,and we updated it as below.We apologize for the errors and for any confusion it may have caused.

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN HYPERPLASTIC AND ADENOMATOUS POLYPS AND NORMAL COLONIC MUCOSA BY USING MULTIPHOTON LASER SCANNING MICROSCOPY

Precisely distinguishing between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and normal human colonic mucosa at the cellular level is of great medical significance.In this work,multiphoton laserscarming microscopy(MPLSM)was used to obtain the high.-contrast images and the morpho-logical characteristics from normal colonic mucosa,hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma.Byintegrating the length and area measurement tools and computing tool,we quantified thedifference of crypt morphology and the alteration of nuclei in normal and diseased human colonicmucosa.Our results demonstrated that the morphology of crypts had an obvious tendency tocystic dilatation or elongated in hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma.The cont ent andnumber of mucin droplets of the scattered goblet cells had a piecemeal reduction in hyperplastic polyps and a large decrease in tubular adenoma The nuclei of epithelial cells might be elongated and pseudostratified,but overt dysplasia was absent in hyperplastic polyps.Nevertheless,thenuclei showed enlarged,crowded,stratified and a rod-like structure,with loss of polarity intubular adenoma.These results suggest that MPLSM has the capacity to distinguish betweenhyperplastic and adenomat ous polyps and normal human colonic mucosa at the celular level.

Optical diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans differentiated from dermatofibroma using non-linear optical microscopy

To the Editor:Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(DFSP)is a locally aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm of the skin that can be misdiagnosed as dermatofibroma(DF)because of similar histological characteristics.[1,2,3]In this study,non-linear optical(NLO)microscopy was used for imaging unstained histological sections to make a differential diagnosis between DFSP and DF.This study aimed to demonstrate that label-free NLO imaging provides significant advantages over standard hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)staining and allows pathologists to increase the diagnostic accuracy by using a quantifiable methodology.