Selective Laser Melting of Novel SiC and TiC Strengthen 7075 Aluminum Powders for Anti-Cracks Application

The aerospace and military sectors have widely used AA7075, a type of 7075 aluminum alloy, due to its exceptional mechanical performance. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a highly effective method for producing intricate metallic components, particularly in the case of aluminum alloys like Al-Si-Mg. Nevertheless, the production of high-strength AA7075 by SLM is challenging because of its susceptibility to heat cracking and elemental vaporization. In this study, AA7075 powders were mechanically mixed with SiC and TiC particles. Subsequently, this new type of AA7075 powder was effectively utilized in green laser printing to create solid components with fine-grain strengthening microstructures consisting of equiaxial grains. These as-printed parts exhibit a tensile strength of up to 350 MPa and a ductility exceeding 2.1%. Hardness also increases with the increasing content of mixed powder, highlighting the essential role of SiC and TiC in SLM for improved hardness and tensile strength performance. .

Broader applicability of the metacoupling framework than Tobler’s first law of geography for global sustainability:A systematic review

Complex sustainability issues in the Anthropocene,with rapid globalization and global environmental changes,are increasingly interlinked between not only nearby systems but also distant systems.Tobler’s first law of geog-raphy(TFL)states“near things are more related than distant things”.Evidence suggests that TFL is not infallible for sustainability issues.Recently,the integrated framework of metacoupling(MCF;human-nature interactions within as well as between adjacent and distant systems)has been applied to analyze the interactions between nearby and distant coupled human and natural systems simultaneously.However,previous work has been scat-tered and fragmented.It is crucial to understand the extent to which TFL and MCF apply across pressing issues in sustainability.Therefore,we reviewed and synthesized sustainability literature that used TFL and MCF across seven major topics:land change,species migration,tourism,trade,agricultural development,conservation,and governance.Results indicate MCF had a much broader applicability than TFL for these topics.The literature using MCF generally did not or likely did not obey TFL,especially in trade,governance,and agricultural de-velopment.In the TFL literature,most topics obeyed TFL,except for species migration and trade.The findings suggest the need to rethink and further test TFL’s relevance to sustainability issues,and highlight the potential of MCF to address complex interactions between both adjacent and distant systems across the world for global sustainability.

The effects of incident light wavelength difference on the collective stimulated Brillouin scattering in plasmas

The first laser–plasma interaction experiment using lasers of eight beams grouped into one octad has been conducted on the Shenguang Octopus facility.Although each beam intensity is below its individual threshold for stimulated Brillouin backscattering(SBS),collective behaviors are excited to enhance the octad SBS.In particular,when two-color/cone lasers with wavelength separation 0.3 nm are used,the backward SBS reflectivities show novel behavior in which beams of longer wavelength achieve higher SBS gain.This property of SBS can be attributed to the rotation of the wave vectors of common ion acoustic waves due to the competition of detunings between geometrical angle and wavelength separation.This mechanism is confirmed using massively parallel supercomputer simulations with the three-dimensional laser–plasma interaction code LAP3D.

Self-consistent and precise measurement of time-dependent radiative albedo of gold based on specially symmetrical triple-cavity Hohlraum

A self-consistent and precise method to determine the time-dependent radiative albedo,i.e.,the ratio of the reemission flux to the incident flux,for an indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion Hohlraum wall material is proposed.A specially designed symmetrical triple-cavity gold Hohlraum is used to create approximately constant and near-equilibrium uniform radiation with a peak temperature of 160 eV.The incident flux at the secondary cavity waist is obtained from flux balance analysis and from the shock velocity of a standard sample.The results agree well owing to the symmetrical radiation in the secondary cavity.A self-consistent and precise time-dependent radiative albedo is deduced from the reliable reemission flux and the incident flux,and the result from the shock velocity is found to have a smaller uncertainty than that from the multi-angle flux balance analysis,and also to agree well with the result of a simulation using the HYADES opacity.

Evaluating the mechanical properties of anisotropic shale containing bedding and natural fractures with discrete element modeling

Natural fracture data from one of the Carboniferous shale masses in the eastern Qaidam Basin were used to establish a stochastic model of a discrete fracture network and to perform discrete element simulation research on the size efect and mechanical parameters of shale.Analytical solutions of fctitious joints in transversely isotropic media were derived,which made it possible for the proposed numerical model to simulate the bedding and natural fractures in shale masses.The results indicate that there are two main factors infuencing the representative elementary volume(REV)size of a shale mass.The frst and most decisive factor is the presence of natural fractures in the block itself.The second is the anisotropy ratio:the greater the anisotropy is,the larger the REV.The bedding angle has little infuence on the REV size,whereas it has a certain infuence on the mechanical parameters of the rock mass.When the bedding angle approaches the average orientation of the natural fractures,the mechanical parameters of the shale blocks decrease greatly.The REV representing the mechanical properties of the Carboniferous shale masses in the eastern Qaidam Basin were comprehensively identifed by considering the infuence of bedding and natural fractures.When the numerical model size is larger than the REV,the fractured rock mass discontinuities can be transformed into equivalent continuities,which provides a method for simulating shale with natural fractures and bedding to analyze the stability of a borehole wall in shale.

Redox control of magnetosome biomineralization

Magnetotactic bacteria can orientate in the Earth’s magnetic field to search for their preferred microoxic environments,which is achieved by their unique organelles,the magnetosomes.Magnetosomes contain nanometer-sized crystal particles of magnetic iron minerals,which are only synthesized in lowoxygen environments.Although the mechanism of aerobic repression for magnetosome biomineralization has not yet fully understood,a series of studies have verified that redox modulation is pivotal for magnetosome formation.In this review,these advances in redox modulation for magnetosome biosynthesis are highlighted,mainly including respiration pathway enzymes,specific magnetosome-associated redox proteins,and oxygen-or nitrate-sensing regulators.Furthermore,their relationship during magnetosome biomineralization is discussed to give insight into redox control and biomineralization and inspire potential solutions for the application of respiration pathways to improve the yields of magnetosome.

构筑Z型MnO_(2)/BiOBr异质结用于光催化环丙沙星去除和CO_(2)还原

日益严峻的能源短缺以及生态环境污染问题已成为引发全球持续关注的焦点问题,这严重影响了人类自身健康和社会可持续发展。多种技术被开发出来用于实现新能源开发和污染物控制,其中,光催化因其具有低耗能、无二次污染、操作流程简单、温和的反应条件等优点成为环境治理与能源催化领域的研究重点。不过值得注意的是,光催化技术尽管在抗生素的高效去除和CO_(2)还原领域的应用方兴未艾,但其工业化应用和大规模推广始终受限于光催化剂的光吸收效率、氧化还原能力和光生电子分离或迁移效率等诸多因素。基于当前光催化剂的组成/结构调控及其催化性能研究,探索高效实用的改性策略构筑性能更加优化的复合结构光催化剂,使光催化剂发挥出更高的光吸收/利用以及光催化表/界面反应性能是亟待解决的关键问题。在常见的改性策略中,Z型异质结构构筑不仅明显可以提高光吸收能力和显著降低光生电子空穴复合率,更重要的是,还可以保持光生电子/空穴的强还原/氧化能力来实现环境污染物去除和清洁能源转化。在本文中,采用机械辅助球磨法构建了MnO_(2)/BiOBr (MO/BiOBr) Z型异质结复合材料。在黑暗和光照条件下进行的原位X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试可以证实MnO_(2)中的光生电子可以通过Mn3+/Mn4+氧化还原电对实现向BiOBr的定向迁移,以构建Z型载流子转移路径。通过电子自旋共振谱(ESR)和能带结构分析也可以推导出类似的结论。基于MnO_(2)中存在的Mn^(3+)/Mn^(4+)氧化还原电对以及MnO_(2)与BiOBr材料交错的能带位置,MnO_(2)和BiOBr材料可以构筑Z型异质结以实现氧化中心和还原中心的空间分离。此外,通过紫外可见光吸收光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和稳态荧光光谱(PL)分析相比较于BiOBr,MO/BiOBr复合材料具有增强的光吸收和显著降低的光生电子-空穴复合率。因此,MO/BiOBr复合材料表现出优异的光催化环丙沙星(CIP)氧化和CO释放性能。MO/BiOBr复合材料的CIP去除率在60min时可达77.3%,是BiOBr(60.2%)的1.28倍。同时,MO/BiOBr复合材料(20.02μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))的光催化CO生成性能是BiOBr (9.08μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))的2.2倍。光电流和电化学阻抗分析表明,相比于MnO_(2)和BiOBr单体,构筑的MnO_(2)/BiOBr Z型异质结具有更高的界面电子转移效率。此外,选用液相质谱联用光谱(LC-MS)和原位傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ FTIR)对光催化CIP去除和CO_(2)还原过程的中间体生成路径进行分析。并通过毒性评估软件(T.E.S.T.)计算CIP和在MO/BiOBr复合材料光催化降解CIP过程中产生的中间体对应的大型溞的48 h半数致死浓度、黑头软口鲦的96 h半数致死量、致突变性和生物累积因子来评估CIP和相应中间体的实际生理毒性。因此,本研究提供了一种简便方法来构筑Z型异质结以实现太阳能驱动的高效抗生素去除和燃料合成。

Mechanochemical synthesis of oxygenated alkynyl carbon materials with excellent Hg(Ⅱ) adsorption performance from CaC2 and carbonates

Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater is very important,and the key is the development of efficient sorbents.In this work,oxygenated alkynyl carbon materials(OACMs)were synthesized via mechanochemical reaction of CaC_(2) and a carbonate(CaCO_(3),Na2CO_(3),or NaHCO_(3))at ambient temperature.The resultant OACMs are micro mesoporous carbon nanomaterials with high specific area(>648 m2 g^(-1)),highly crosslinked texture,and rich alkynyl and oxygenated groups.The OACMs exhibit excellent Hg(Ⅱ)adsorption due to the soft acid-soft base interaction between alkynyl and Hg(Ⅱ),and OACM-3 derived from CaC_(2) and NaHCO_(3) has the saturated Hg(Ⅱ)adsorbance of 483.9 mg g^(-1)along with good selectivity and recyclability.The adsorption is mainly chemisorption following the Langmuir mode.OACM-3 also shows high adsorbance for other heavy metal ions,e.g.256.6 mg g^(-1)for Pb(II),232.4 mg g^(-1)for Zn(II),and 198.7 mg g^(-1)for Cu(II).This work expands the mechnochemical reaction of CaC_(2)with carbonates and possibly other oxyanionic salts,provides a new synthesis approach for functional alkynyl carbon materials with excellent adsorption performance for heavy metal ions,as well as a feasible approach for CO2 resource utilization.

“电子集流体”Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)/BiOBr复合材料的制备及其增强光催化CO_(2)还原性能

日益严峻的能源危机与全球变暖问题严重影响着人类的生存环境,因此急需开发一种绿色环保的新型能源来缓解这一现状.将CO_(2)气体转化为燃料或高附加值碳基化学品被认为是一种可以同时缓解能源危机和CO_(2)排放的绿色途径.受自然界光合作用的启发,光催化CO_(2)还原途径因其以太阳光为能量来源、反应过程无二次污染,被认为是一种环境友好的CO_(2)转化途径.然而,受制于光催化剂电荷转移效率较低以及CO_(2)分子活化能力不理想等因素,人工光合过程实现高效CO_(2)还原仍然具有很大挑战.前期研究表明,通过材料的调控可有效提升其光催化CO_(2)还原能力.其中,通过在材料表面引入电子集流体的方法可以有效收集并聚集产生的光生电荷,提升材料的电荷传输效率,实现材料光催化CO_(2)还原能力的提升.受此启发,本文以BiOBr(BOB)材料为主体,在其表面引入“电子集流体”型Bi_(19)S_(27)Br_(3)(BSB)纳米棒材料,成功制备BSB/BOB复合材料.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和高分辨透射电镜表征证明了BSB棒状结构已成功复合在BOB材料表面.同时,对所制BSB/BOB材料进行了光催化CO_(2)还原活性结果表明,BSB/BOB材料相比于单体BSB和BOB均展现出更强的CO_(2)还原制备CO的能力.其中,BSB/BOB-5材料CO产出速率为19.83μmol g^(‒1)h^(‒1),其活性分别约为单体BSB和BOB材料的8.74倍和2.40倍.紫外-可见漫反射光谱和电化学测试结果表明,BSB的引入有效提升材料的光响应能力和光生载流子的分离传输效率.结合莫特-肖特基测试和能带理论计算结果给出了光生电子可以从BOB材料导带传递并聚集在BSB材料导带的过程.理论计算结果进一步显示,在BSB/BOB材料中,BSB作为电子集流体,可以有效收集并聚集BOB表面的电子.此外,由于BSB具备较强的CO_(2)吸附能力,其在BSB/BOB材料中可以作为CO_(2)的吸附-活化位点,进而有效提升材料的光催化活性.结合原位红外漫反射光谱分析BSB/BOB材料表面光催化CO_(2)还原过程中生成的中间产物,进而提出了可能的光催化CO_(2)还原机理.综上,本研究为高性能光催化CO_(2)还原催化剂的设计与制备提供了新思路.

Experimental and numerical study of coal-rock bimaterial composite bodies under triaxial compression

To accurately predict coal burst hazards and estimate the failure of coal pillars in underground coal mining systems,it is of great significance to understand the mechanical behavior of coal-rock bimaterial composite structures.This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the response of rock-coal,coal-rock,and rock-coal-rock bimaterial composite structures under triaxial compression.The triaxial compression experiments are conducted under confining pressures in the range of 0-20 MPa.The resulting inside fracture networks are detected using X-ray-based computed tomography(CT).The experimentally observed data indicate that the mechanical parameters of the rock-coalrock composites are superior to those of the rock-coal and coal-rock combinations.After compression failure,the coal-rock combination specimens are analyzed via X-ray CT.The results display that the failure of the coal-rock composite bodies primarily takes place within the coal.Further,the bursting proneness is reduced by increasing confining pressure.Subsequently,the corresponding numerical simulations of the experiments are carried out by using the particle flow code.The numerical results reveal that coal is vulnerable with regard to energy storage and accumulation.

Simultaneous CO_(2) capture and thermochemical heat storage by modified carbide slag in coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 cycles

The simultaneous CO_(2) capture and heat storage performances of the modified carbide slag with byproduct of biodiesel were investigated in the process coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)2 thermochemical heat storage using air as the heat transfer fluid.The modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel exhibits superior CO_(2) capture and heat storage capacities in the coupled calcium looping and heat storage cycles.The hydration conversion and heat storage density of the modified carbide slag after 30 heat storage cycles are 0.65 mol·mol^(-1) and 1.14 GJ·t^(-1),respectively,which are 1.6 times as high as those of calcined carbide slag.The negative effect of CO_(2) in air as the heat storage fluid on the heat storage capacity of the modified carbide slag is overcome by introducing CO_(2) capture cycles.In addition,the CO_(2) capture reactivity of the modified carbide slag after the multiple calcium looping cycles is enhanced by the introduction of heat storage cycles.By introducing 10 heat storage cycles after the 10th and 15th CO_(2) capture cycles,the CO_(2) capture capacities of the modified carbide slag are subsequently improved by 32%and 43%,respectively.The porous and loose structure of modified carbide slag reduces the diffusion resistances of CO_(2) and steam in the material in the coupled process.The formed CaCO_(3)in the modified carbide slag as a result of air as the heat transfer fluid in heat storage cycles decomposes to regenerate CaO in calcium looping cycles,which improves heat storage capacity.Therefore,the modified carbide slag with by-product of biodiesel seems promising in the coupled calcium looping and CaO/Ca(OH)_(2) heat storage cycles.

NO removal performance of CO in carbonation stage of calcium looping for CO_(2) capture

Calcium looping realizes CO_(2)capture via the cyclic calcination/carbonation of CaO.The combustion of fuel supplies energy for the calciner.It is unavoidable that some unburned char in the calciner flows into the carbonator,generating CO due to the hypoxic atmosphere in the carbonator.CO can reduce NO in the flue gases from coal-fired power plants.In this work,NO removal performance of CO in the carbonation stage of calcium looping for CO_(2)capture was investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor.The effects of carbonation temperature,CO concentration,CO_(2)capture,type of CaO,number of CO_(2)capture cycles and presence of char on NO removal by CO in carbonation stage of calcium looping were discussed.CaO possesses an efficient catalytic effect on NO removal by CO.High temperature and high CO concentration lead to high NO removal efficiency of CO in the presence of CaO.Taking account of better NO removal and CO_(2)capture,the optimal carbonation temperature is 650℃.The carbonation of CaO reduces the catalytic activity of CaO for NO removal by CO due to the formation of CaCO_(3).Besides,the catalytic performance of CaO on NO removal by CO gradually decreases with the number of CO_(2)capture cycles.This is because the sintering of CaO leads to the fusion of CaO grains and blockage of pores in CaO,hindering the diffusion of NO and CO.The high CaO content and porous structure of calcium-based sorbents are beneficial for NO removal by CO.The presence of char promotes NO removal by CO in the carbonator.CO_(2)/NO removal efficiencies can reach above 90%.The efficient simultaneous NO and CO_(2)removal by CO and CaO in the carbonation step of the calcium looping seems promising.

Comparative effects of enzymatic soybean,fish meal and milk powder in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets

Background:The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder(MK)and fish meal(FM)by enzymatic soybean(ESB)in diets on growth performance,immunological parameters,SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets.Methods:A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95±0.46 kg,were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d.Piglets were offered isonitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows:CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources,ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK,ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM,and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM.Results:No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments(P>0.05).However,piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index(P<0.01),and lower digestibility of dry matter(DM),gross energy(GE)or crude protein(CP),relative to piglets fed CON diet(P<0.01).Moreover,the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid(BA)(P<0.01).The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity,and the linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria,such as g_Peptococcus,g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter.Conclusion:The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets,but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index,which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria.However,piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters,indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.

Determination of laser entrance hole size for ignition-scale octahedral spherical hohlraums

A recently proposed octahedral spherical hohlraum with six laser entrance holes(LEHs)is an attractive concept for an upgraded laser facility aiming at a predictable and reproducible fusion gain with a simple target design.However,with the laser energies available at present,LEH size can be a critical issue.Owing to the uncertainties in simulation results,the LEH size should be determined on the basis of experimental evidence.However,determination of LEH size of an ignition target at a small-scale laser facility poses difficulties.In this paper,we propose to use the prepulse of an ignition pulse to determine the LEH size for ignition-scale hohlraums via LEH closure behavior,and we present convincing evidence from multiple diagnostics at the SGIII facility with ignition-scale hohlraum,laser prepulse,and laser beam size.The LEH closure observed in our experiment is in agreement with data from the National Ignition Facility.The total LEH area of the octahedral hohlraum is found to be very close to that of a cylindrical hohlraum,thus successfully demonstrating the feasibility of the octahedral hohlraum in terms of laser energy,which is crucially important for sizing an ignition-scale octahedrally configured laser system.This work provides a novel way to determine the LEH size of an ignition target at a small-scale laser facility,and it can be applied to other hohlraum configurations for the indirect drive approach.

Calcium looping heat storage performance and mechanical property of CaO-based pellets under fluidization

The CaO-based pellets were fabricated using extrusion-spheronization method for calcium looping thermochemical heat storage under the fluidization.The effects of adhesive,biomass-based pore-forming agent,binder and particle size on the heat storage performance and mechanical property of the CaObased pellets were investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor.The addition of 2%(mass)polyvinylpyrrolidone as an adhesive not only helps granulate,but also improves the heat storage capacity of the pellets.All biomass-templated CaO-based pellets display higher heat storage capacity than biomass-free pellets,indicating that the biomass-based pore-forming agent is beneficial for heat storage under the fluidization.Especially,bagasse-templated pellets show the highest heat storage conversion of 0.61 after 10 cycles.Moreover,Al_(2)O_(3)as a binder for the pellets helps obtain high mechanical strength.The CaO-based pellets doped with 10%(mass)bagasse and 5%(mass)Al_(2)O_(3)reach the highest heat storage density of 1621 kJ·kg^(-1) after 30 cycles and the highest crushing strength of 4.98 N.The microstructure of the bagasse-templated pellets appears more porous than that of biomass-free pellets.The bagassetemplated CaO-based pellets doped with Al_(2)O_(3)seem promising for thermochemical heat storage under the fluidization,owing to the enhanced heat storage capacity,excellent mechanical strength,and simplicity of the synthesis procedure.

Study on Plant Community Characteristics and Ecological Functions of Mingyue Park in Jingzhou City

[Objectives]This study was conducted to analyze species composition, community appearance, plant life-type spectrum, flora distribution, plant community structure and plant diversity indexes of Mingyue Park in Jingzhou City, as well as the ecological functions of plants in cooling, humidification, shading, and noise reduction. [Methods] A quadart method was used to investigate plant communitues of Mingyue Park in Jingzhou City. [Results] There were 141 species in the park, including 44 tree speceies, 35 shrub speceies, and 62 herb speceies. The arber-shrub-grass structure was the dominant plant community structure. The Simpson index(D), Shannon-Wiener index(H) and Pielou index(J) of the herb layer were higher than those of the tree layer and the shrub layer, and the shrub layer was the lowest. The results of ecological function research showed that the plant communities had a significant shading effect and a certain ability to reduce noise. The comprehensive conclusion showed that the ecological function indexes of the arbor-shrub-grass structure in Mingyue Park were significantly higher than those of the arbor-shrub structure and the single-tree structure. In order to improve the ecological benefits of plant communities in Mingyue Park, the plant diversity can be increased in the later construction to enrich community structures. [Conclusions] This study evaluated the ecological benefits of plant communities in Mingyue Park, and provides a scientific basis for the plant configuration of parks in Jingzhou and other regions.

Community Structure and Value Evaluation of Local Brassicaceae Potherbs in Shiyan City

[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the value of local Brassicaceae potherb resources in Shiyan City.[Methods]Seven species of local Brassicaceae edible plants resources in Shiyan City,including Cardamine hirsuta L.,Cardamine flexuosa,Cardamine impatiens L.,Capsella bursa-pastoris(Linn.),Orychophragmus violaceus(L.)O.E.Schulz,Draba nemorosa L.,Rorippa indica(L.)Hiern.,were investigated using sampling method,and their value was evaluated.[Results]①Shiyan City was rich in resources of local Brassicaceae potherbs,mostly of which grew in humid areas.②In the communities of target species,there were 20 species of plants in 19 genera of 15 families in the arbor layer,19 species of plants in 16 genera from 15 families in the shrub layer,and 58 species of plants in 51 genera from 23 families in the herbaceous layer.The tree,shrub and herb species with the highest dominance Populus simonii var.przewalskii,Robinia pseudoacacia and Chrysanthemum indicum.Local Brassicaceae potherbs in Shiyan City have high edible and medicinal value,especially Cardamine,which has strong selenium-rich ability and is worthy of vigorous development.[Conclusions]This study provides scientific basis and reference for the development and utilization of local potherbs of Brassicaceae in this area.

Ternary NiCoP nanosheet arrays： An excellent bifunctional catalyst for alkaline overall water splitting

Exploring bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions （HER and OER） with high efficiency, low cost, and easy integration is extremely crucial for future renewable energy systems. Herein, ternary NiCoP nanosheet arrays （NSAs） were fabricated on 3D Ni foam by a facile hydrothermal method followed by phosphorization. These arrays serve as bifunctional alkaline catalysts, exhibiting excellent electrocatalytic performance and good working stability for both the HER and OER. The overpotentials of the NiCoP NSA electrode required to drive a current density of 50 mA/cm2 for the HER and OER are as low as 133 and 308 mV, respectively, which is ascribed to excellent intrinsic electrocatalytic activity, fast electron transport, and a unique superaerophobic structure. When NiCoP was integrated as both anodic and cathodic material, the electrolyzer required a potential as low as -1.77 V to drive a current density of 50 mA/cm2 for overall water splitting, which is much smaller than a reported electrolyzer using the same kind of phosphide-based material and is even better than the combination of Pt/C and Ir/C, the best known noble metal-based electrodes. Combining satisfactory working stability and high activity, this NiCoP electrode paves the way for exploring overall water splitting catalysts.

Janus electrode with simultaneous management on gas and liquid transport for boosting oxygen reduction reaction

Oxygen reduction efficiency holds the key for renewable energy technologies including fuel cells and metal-air batteries,which involves coupling diffusion-reaction-conduction processes at the interface of catalyst/electrolyte,and thus rational electrode design facilitating mass transportation stands as a key issue for fast oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,we report a Janus electrode with asymmetric wettability prepared by partly modifying aerophobic nitrogen doped carbon nanotube arrays with polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as a high performance catalytic electrode for ORR.The Janus electrode with opposite wettability on adjacent sides maintains stable gas reservoir in the aerophilic side while shortening O2 pathway to catalysts in the aerophobic side,resulting in superior ORR performance(22.5 mA/cm^2@0.5 V)than merely aerophilic or aerophilic electrodes.The Janus electrode endows catalytic performance even comparable to commercial,Pt/C in the alkali ne electrolyte,exploiting a previously unrecognized opport unity that guides electrode design for the gas-consumption electrocatalysis.

Establishment and evaluation of a peanut association panel and analysis of key nutritional traits

Breeding programs aim to improve the yield and quality of peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）; using association mapping to identify genetic markers linked to these quantitative traits could facilitate selection efficiency. A peanut association panel was established consisting of 268 lines with extensive phenotypic and genetic variation, meeting the requirements for associa- tion analysis. These lines were grown over 3 years and the key agronomic traits, including protein and oil content were examined. Population structure （Q） analysis showed two subpopulations and clustering analysis was consistent with Q-based membership assignment and closely related to botanical type. Relative Kinship （K） indicated that most of the panel members have no or weak familial related- ness, with 52.78% of lines showing K=o. Linkagedisequilibrium （LD） analysis showed a high level of LD occurs in the panel. Model comparisons indicated false positives can be effectively controlled by taking Q and K into consideration and more false positives were generated by K than Q. A preliminary association analysis using a Q＋ K model found markers significantly associated with oil, protein, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, and identified a set of alleles with positive and negative effects. These results show that this panel is suitable for association analysis, providing a resource for marker-assisted selection for peanut improvement.